Lutos language

{{Infobox language

|name=Lutos

|nativename=Ruto

|states=Central African Republic, Chad

|speakers=19,000

|date=1993–1996

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan

|fam2=Central Sudanic

|fam3=Bongo–Bagirmi

|fam4=Vale

|dia1=Ruto

|dia2=Nduka

|iso3=ndy

|glotto=luto1241

|glottorefname=Lutos

}}

Lutos (Ruto) is a Central Sudanic language of CAR and Chad. Two distinctive dialects are Lutos/Ruto proper and Nduka.International Encyclopedia of Linguistics ed.

William J. Frawley · 2003 p303 " In Central African Republic: 17,000 speakers in Nde ́le ́, Kaga Andoro, and Kabo subprefectures. Dialects are Nduka (Ndouka, Ndoukwa), Lutos (Ruto, Routo, Rito, Luto, Louto), Wada (Wad), Nduga (Ngougua), Konga."

Phonology

class="wikitable" \|+Consonants{{cite conference \|url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/60749 \|title=A Sketch of Lutos Phonology \|last=Olson \|first=Kenneth S. \|date=26 August 2013 \|location=Leiden \|conference=43rd Colloquium on African Languages & Linguistics}} !colspan=2\| !Labial !Alveolar !Retroflex !Palatal !Velar !Labiovelar !Glottal
rowspan=2\| Plosive !{{small\|oral}} \|{{IPA link\|p}} {{IPA link\|b}} \|{{IPA link\|t}} {{IPA link\|d}} \| \| \|{{IPA link\|k}} {{IPA link\|g}} \|{{IPA link\|kp}} {{IPA link\|gb}} \|
{{small\|nasal}} \|{{IPA link\|ᵐb}} \|{{IPA link\|ⁿd}} \| \| \|{{IPA link\|ᵑg}} \|{{IPA link\|ᵑᵐgb}} \|
colspan=2\| Implosive \|{{IPA link\|ɓ}} \|{{IPA link\|ɗ}} \| \| \| \| \|
rowspan=2\| Fricative !{{small\|oral}} \|{{IPA link\|f}} {{IPA link\|v}} \|{{IPA link\|s}} {{IPA link\|z}} \| \| \| \| \|{{IPA link\|h}}
{{small\|nasal}} \|{{IPA link\|ᵐv}} \|{{IPA link\|ⁿz}} \| \| \| \| \|
colspan=2\| Nasal \|{{IPA link\|m}} \|{{IPA link\|n}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ɲ}} \| \| \|
colspan=2\| Approximant \|{{IPA link\|w}} \|{{IPA link\|r}}, {{IPA link\|l}} \|{{IPA link\|ɽ}} \|{{IPA link\|j}} \| \| \|

class="wikitable"

|+Consonants{{cite conference |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/60749 |title=A Sketch of Lutos Phonology |last=Olson |first=Kenneth S. |date=26 August 2013 |location=Leiden |conference=43rd Colloquium on African Languages & Linguistics}}

!colspan=2|

rowspan=2| Plosive

!{{small|oral}}

|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}

|{{IPA link|kp}} {{IPA link|gb}}

|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|{{IPA link|ᵑg}}

|{{IPA link|ᵑᵐgb}}

colspan=2| Implosive

|{{IPA link|ɓ}}

|{{IPA link|ɗ}}

rowspan=2| Fricative

!{{small|oral}}

|{{IPA link|f}} {{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|s}} {{IPA link|z}}

|{{IPA link|h}}

|{{IPA link|ᵐv}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿz}}

colspan=2| Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

colspan=2| Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|ɽ}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

/s/ can sometimes be heard as [ʃ] syllable-finally.

class="wikitable" \|+Vowels ! !Front !Central !Back
High \|{{IPA link\|i}} {{IPA link\|iː}} \| \|{{IPA link\|u}} {{IPA link\|uː}} {{IPA link\|ũ}} {{IPA link\|ũː}}
Mid-high \|{{IPA link\|e}} {{IPA link\|ẽ}} \|{{IPA link\|ə}} \|{{IPA link\|o}} {{IPA link\|oː}} {{IPA link\|õ}} {{IPA link\|õː}}
Mid-low \|{{IPA link\|ɛ}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ɔ}} {{IPA link\|ɔː}} {{IPA link\|ɔ̃}} {{IPA link\|ɔ̃ː}}
Low \| \|{{IPA link\|a}} {{IPA link\|aː}} {{IPA link\|ã}} {{IPA link\|ãː}} \|

class="wikitable"

|+Vowels

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}} {{IPA link|ũ}} {{IPA link|ũː}}

Mid-high

|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|ẽ}}

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}} {{IPA link|õ}} {{IPA link|õː}}