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Luvale language

{{Short description|Bantu language of Angola and Zambia}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Luvale

|nativename=Chiluvale

|states=Angola, Zambia

|region=

|ethnicity=Lovale

|speakers={{sigfig|635,000|2}}

|date=2001–2010

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Niger-Congo

|fam2=Atlantic–Congo

|fam3=Volta-Congo

|fam4=Benue–Congo

|fam5=Bantoid

|fam6=Southern Bantoid

|fam7=Bantu (Zone K)

|fam8=Chokwe–Luchazi (K.10)

|minority=Zambia

|script=Latin (Luvale alphabet)
Luvale Braille

|iso3=lue

|glotto=luva1239

|glottorefname=Luvale

|guthrie=K.14

}}

Luvale (also spelt Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Lwena) is a Bantu language spoken by the Lovale people of Angola and Zambia. It is recognized as a regional language for educational and administrative purposes in Zambia, where about 168,000 people speak it as of 2006. Luvale uses a modified form of the latin alphabet in its written form.{{cite web |title=Luvale (Chiluvale) |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/luvale.htm |website=Omniglot |access-date=23 May 2022}}

Luvale is closely related to Chokwe.

Vocabulary

It contains many loanwords from Portuguese from colonial contact during 20th century,{{cite book |last1=Albaugh |first1=Ericka A. |last2=de Luna |first2=Kathryn M. |title=Tracing language movement in Africa |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=9780190657550 |pages=263, 267, 269, 271}} such as:

class="wikitable"
LuvalePortugueseEnglish
xikataescadaladder
xikitelumosquiteromosquito net
ngatwegatocat
mbalilibarrilpowder keg (lit. barrel)
kaluwaxacarrobicyle
semanasemanaweek

Phonology

=[[Consonant|Consonants]]=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Consonants of Luvale{{Cite book |last=Horton |first=A. E. |title=A Grammar of Luvale |publisher=Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press |year=1949 |edition=2nd}}

! colspan="2" |

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

| {{IPAlink|ɲ}}

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

rowspan="2" | Plosive/
Affricate

!{{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

| {{IPAlink|tʃ}}

| {{IPAlink|k}}

|

{{small|prenasal}}

| {{IPAlink|ᵐb}}

| {{IPAlink|ⁿd}}

| {{IPAlink|ᶮdʒ}}

| {{IPAlink|ᵑɡ}}

|

rowspan="2" | Fricative

! {{small|voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|f}}

| {{IPAlink|s}}

| {{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|h}}

{{small|voiced}}

| {{IPAlink|v}}

| {{IPAlink|z}}

| {{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|

|

colspan="2" | Approximant

| {{IPAlink|w}}

| {{IPAlink|l}}

| {{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

=Vowels=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Vowels of Luvale

Front

!Central

Back
Close

| {{IPAlink|i iː}}

| || {{IPAlink|u uː}}

Close-mid

| {{IPAlink|e eː}}

| || {{IPAlink|o oː}}

Open-mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ ɛː}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɔ ɔː}}

Open

|

| {{IPAlink|a aː}}

|

Speakers

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book |last=Horton |first=A. E. |title=A Grammar of Luvale |date=1949 |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |location=Johannesburg |language=en}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Horton |first=Albert E. |title=A Dictionary of Luvale |date=1953 |publisher=Lithographed by Rahn Bros. Print. & Lithographing |location=El Monte, Calif. |language=en}}

{{refend}}

External links

{{Incubator|lue}}

  • {{Cite web |title=Luvale Reading Lessons |url=http://lubutocollections.org/items/show/81 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621183747/http://lubutocollections.org/items/show/81 |archive-date=2015-06-21 |access-date=2014-05-04 |website=Lubuto Library Special Collections |language=en}}
  • Moses C.B. Mulongesa, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150621021714/http://lubutocollections.org/items/show/74 Vishimo vya Kuuko]}}, Lubuto Library Special Collections, accessed May 3, 2014.
  • {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20140504014129/http://lubutocollections.org/items/browse?search=luvale&submit_search=Search Luvale language books]}}, Lubuto Library Special Collections
  • [http://www.language-archives.org/language/lue OLAC resources in and about the Luvale language]

{{Languages of Angola}}

{{Languages of Zambia}}

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Chokwe-Luchazi languages

Category:Languages of Angola

Category:Languages of Zambia

Category:Library of Congress Africa Collection related

{{Angola-stub}}

{{Zambia-stub}}

{{Bantu-lang-stub}}