Lydd

File:The Guildhall, 13 High Street - geograph.org.uk - 2048230.jpg]]

File:High Street, Lydd - geograph.org.uk - 215215.jpg

The place-name 'Lydd' is first attested in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 774, where it appears as ad Hlidum. This is the dative plural of the Old English hlid meaning 'slope'.Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.308.

Lydd developed as a settlement on a shingle island during the Romano-British period, when the coast at the time cut off Lydd from the mainland.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9z_NHMjJ9hoC&pg=PA18|title=LANDSCAPE & COMMUNITY IN ENGLAND|author=Alan Everitt|page=18|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|year=1985|isbn=9780826420411|access-date=14 February 2013|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123180649/https://books.google.com/books?id=9z_NHMjJ9hoC&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}

The settlement continued into the Saxon period, when the Saxon church used Roman materials as part of its early construction.{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UIURCQmNIpMC&pg=PA389 |title=The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century|author=John Hines |page=389|publisher=Boydell Press|date= 1 September 2003 |isbn=9781843830344|access-date=14 February 2013}} The town reached the height of its prosperity during the 13th century, when it was a corporate member of the Cinque Ports, a "limb" of Romney.{{Cite web|url=http://www.open-sandwich.co.uk/cinqueports/limbs.htm |title=The Cinque Ports Limbs |access-date=17 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529234047/http://www.open-sandwich.co.uk/cinqueports/limbs.htm |archive-date=29 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}

Together with sites in the marsh, the town was a base for smuggling in the 18th and 19th centuries. Lydd Guildhall, which originally accommodated some prison cells, dates to 1792.{{cite web|url=https://www.prisonhistory.org/prison/lydd-gaol/|title=Lydd Gaol|publisher=Prison History|access-date=9 September 2023}}

Before and during the First World War, Lydd Camp was important for artillery training and practice. Experiments with high explosives carried out on the shingle wastes around 1888 led to the invention of the explosive Lyddite. Lydd was at one time a garrison town. At one time it had an extensive narrow gauge railway network, and the area is still an important training ground for the armed forces. Nearby RAF Denge was established between the world wars. It has surviving concrete acoustic mirrors, developed during World War II to detect aircraft before radar was perfected.

In the 20th century the hamlets of Lade{{cite map|title=Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 188 Maidstone & Royal Tunbridge Wells (Sevenoaks & Tonbridge)|ISBN= 9780319228814 |publisher=Ordnance Survey|date=2014}} and Lydd-on-Sea developed along the coast east of Lydd. They mostly consist of holiday bungalows.

File:Aerial view of Lydd, Kent.JPG

File:The Battle of Britain HU88413.jpg, probably Bf 109E-1 (W.Nr. 3576) Red 13 of 7./JG 54, flown by Uffz. Zimmermann, which crashed near Lydd on 27 October 1940]]

In September 1940, four young Dutch men landed on the coast between Hythe and Dungeness in a rowing boat. One was arrested for spying shortly after drinking at the Rising Sun pub.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dBhrEFWA0MgC&pg=PA62|title=Operation Fortitude: The True Story of the Key Spy Operation of WWII That Saved D-Day|author=Joshua Levine|pages=62–63|publisher=HarperCollins UK|date=4 April 2011|isbn=9780007413249|access-date=14 February 2013|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123180643/https://books.google.com/books?id=dBhrEFWA0MgC&pg=PA62|url-status=live}}

On 21 October, a Dornier Do 17 ran short of fuel and was forced to land at RAF Lydd. The German pilot had been confused in his bearings whilst attempting to return to France. He had been using the recently invented equipment devised to interrupt the homing beams sent from Germany to guide such planes. The Dornier was the first example of this new type of bomber to fall into the hands of British Intelligence. RAF Lydd was situated north of the town. Only one Nissen hut now remains of the complex.

A Vickers Wellington bomber had the misfortune to crash-land on 26 June on returning from a 1,500-plane attack on Bremen. The 19-year-old pilot got the plane down safely near Lydd, and the crew survived the crash. They were not certain they had landed in England until rescuers came to their assistance.

On 27 November 1942, a train came under attack by two Focke-Wulf Fw 190s. The train, hauled by Southern Railway D3 number 2365, was just departing from Lydd Town railway station. The engine's boiler was hit. The resulting jet of high pressure steam from the engine hit the plane, causing it to crash-land nearby. The German pilot was found dead, but no British railway staff or passengers were injured. The two planes had been heading over the coast after a raid on Ashford and attacking a minesweeper off Dover.{{cite web|title=HOLDING THE WEST|url=http://www.asisbiz.com/Battles/Holding-the-West.html|publisher=asisbiz.com|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=9 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609015946/http://www.asisbiz.com/Battles/Holding-the-West.html|url-status=live}}

{{Main|All Saints Church, Lydd}}

All Saints' Church, also known as Lydd Church or The Cathedral on the Marsh,{{cite book|last=Hillier|first=Caroline|title=The bulwark shore: Thanet and the Cinque ports|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GuNAAAAAYAAJ|access-date=14 October 2012|year=1980|publisher=E. Methuen|isbn=978-0-413-39580-1|page=236|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921201154/https://books.google.com/books?id=GuNAAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}} belongs to the Diocese of Canterbury. All Saints is the longest parish church in Kent at {{convert|199|ft}}; it has one of the tallest towers in the county at {{convert|132|ft}}. The church is thought to incorporate a small Romano-British basilica, possibly built in the 5th century. Most of the current fabric is medieval.{{cite book|title=The Archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England|page=166|last=Wilson|first=David Mackenzie|date=January 1976|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780416150902}}

It was associated with local fraternities or guilds in the 15th century and could seat 1,000 people at a time. Severely damaged by World War II bombing, the church was subsequently restored. In 1950 it was listed as a Grade I building.{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-175193-church-of-all-saints-lydd-kent|title=Church of All Saints, Lydd|publisher=British Listed Buildings|access-date=14 October 2012|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903111945/http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-175193-church-of-all-saints-lydd-kent|url-status=live}}

Lydd church, with its tall tower, was a major link in the chain of trigonometric measuring points for the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790). This connected the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory. This eighteenth-century survey was led by General William Roy. It included a secondary base-line for checking purposes on Romney Marsh, between Ruckinge and Dymchurch. The primary base-line was on Hounslow Heath. All Saints' Lydd was the main intermediate point on the south coast between Fairlight Down to the west and Dover Castle to the east.

The parish encompasses four electricity industry sites: Dungeness A & B Nuclear Power Stations, a substation of the National Grid, and a former static inverter plant used by the HVDC Cross-Channel between 1961 and 1984. Dungeness A has now ceased electricity production and is in the process of being de-commissioned. The several sewers in the area include Dengemarsh Sewer, Jury's Gut Sewer, and Scotney Petty Sewer.

Lydd has two football clubs, Lydd Town established in 1885,{{cite web|title=Lydd Town FC|url=http://www.lyddtownfc.co.uk/|website=Lydd Town Football Club|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=10 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110051344/http://www.lyddtownfc.co.uk/|url-status=live}} and Lydd United, established in 2009.{{cite web|title=Lydd United FC|url=http://www.clubwebsite.co.uk/lyddunitedfc/96713/Home|website=clubwebsite|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222841/http://www.clubwebsite.co.uk/lyddunitedfc/96713/Home|url-status=live}} Lydd Town play in the Kent Invicta Football League. United play in the Ashford and District Saturday League.

Lydd also has a kart/minimoto track called Lydd International Kart Circuit.{{cite web|title=Lydd Kart Circuit|url=http://lyddkartcircuit.com/|website=Lydd Kart|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915154756/http://lyddkartcircuit.com/|url-status=live}} Lydd Cricket Club is based at the Banks, Dennes Lane.{{cite web|title=Lydd CC|url=http://lydd.play-cricket.com/|website=Lydd Play Cricket|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104028/http://lydd.play-cricket.com/|url-status=live}} Both the ground and pavilion belong to the Town Council.

Lydd Golf Club and Driving Range is on the Romney Road in Lydd. Apart from the 18-hole championship quality course, it boasts an 18-bay covered driving range, a 6-hole par 3 course, two chipping greens, and a putting green.{{cite web|title=Lydd Golf Club and Driving Range|url=http://www.lyddgolfclub.co.uk/|website=Lydd Golf Club|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905170216/http://www.lyddgolfclub.co.uk/|url-status=live}}

Lydd has two subscription newspapers, the Romney Marsh Herald (published by Kent Regional News and Media),{{cite web|title=Romney Marsh Herald|url=http://journalisted.com/romney-marsh-herald|publisher=/journalisted.com|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073814/http://journalisted.com/romney-marsh-herald|archive-date=4 April 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} and the Kentish Express (published by the KM Group). Free town newspapers include the Folkestone and Hythe Extra. A fortnightly publication called The Looker is published by the owners of RMFM.{{cite web|title=The Looker|url=https://www.thelooker.co.uk/|publisher=thelooker.co.uk|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134619/https://www.thelooker.co.uk/|url-status=live}} An alternate publication called The Marsh Mail was edited by Amanda Heath; it was published for only a couple of editions.

The Looker 'has the largest circulation, comprising 15,000 copies every two weeks.

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV Meridian. Television signals are received from the Dover TV transmitter.{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Dover|title=Full Freeview on the Dover (Kent, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|access-date=28 October 2023}}

The local radio station for Lydd is KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country. Lydd is also served by the county-wide stations Heart South, Gold, and BBC Radio Kent.

Cinque Ports Radio 100.2FM is the community radio station for Romney Marsh and Rye. It has been broadcasting since 7 March 2022. This replaced Shoreline FM 100.2FM, which broadcast since January 2020. It is now an online service called Shoreline Easy, serving Romney Marsh, Rye, and Hythe.static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/community/cr103150ba1shorelinefm.htm

Lydd Club Day is the annual local carnival held on the Rype. It is the largest such festival on Romney Marsh,{{cite web |url=http://www.thevillagedirectorykent.co.uk/?p=1426 |title=Lydd Club Day 2011 |access-date=1 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621024409/http://www.thevillagedirectorykent.co.uk/?p=1426 |archive-date=21 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} and is held on the third Saturday of June.

It was established in 1868. Apart from a brief cessation during the war years, it has taken place annually ever since.{{cite web|url=http://www.thisiskent.co.uk/Club-Day-return-say-organisers/story-14333394-detail/story.html#axzz2PEmejiT5|archive-date=5 May 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505081556/http://www.thisiskent.co.uk/Club-Day-return-say-organisers/story-14333394-detail/story.html%23axzz2PEmejiT5#axzz2PEmejiT5|url-status=dead|title=Club Day to return, say organisers|work=Folkestone Herald|access-date=28 September 2015}} The day features a funfair, boot fair in the morning, stalls and children's dressing up in the afternoon, and floats in the evening. The evening ends with a firework display and the lit up funfair, as well as the annual crowning of the Queen Elect.

On the Friday evening before Lydd Club Day, a long-standing tradition supports "Test Night,when the funfair opens at reduced prices for the evening.

In the early 2000s, "Pirate Friday" was instituted. Most Lydd residents have no real understanding of what this event is supposed to entail, other than Lydd's pub frequenters dressing in pirate outfits.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} The event was created in 2006 by local residents Jason James, David Usher and Ian Parrot, and friends in the Royal Mail pub. Now an annual event, it has proved so popular that it has been adopted by every pub in Lydd. Since 2011, there has been an entrant in the evening parade of Club Day from residents who have participated in Pirate Friday.

A railway line from Dungeness to Appledore formerly had stations at Lydd Town and Lydd-on-Sea.{{cite news |editor-last1=Dawson |editor-first1=Geoffrey |editor-link=Geoffrey Dawson|title=Faster S.R. Trains To West Of England |work=The Times |issue=47727 |date=3 July 1937 |page=11|issn=0140-0460}}{{cite book |last1=Body |first1=Geoffrey |title=Railways of the Southern Region |date=1989 |publisher=P. Stephens |location=Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England |isbn=185260297X |page=126}}

This operated December 1881 to 1967. It was closed then to passenger traffic. The line remains in use for freight traffic. There has been discussion to reopen the line. {{citation needed|date=January 2024}} By being included in the Folkestone and Hythe district Local Plan, the station is protected against development that could be prejudicial to the reopening of the line from Appledore to the public.

The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway has two stations within the Lydd parish: Romney Sands and Dungeness.

Lydd Airport, originally known as Ferryfield, and now also known as London Ashford Airport, was the first airport to be constructed in Britain after the Second World War.{{Cite web |url = http://www.lydd-airport.co.uk/ |title = London Ashford Airport |access-date = 17 August 2008 |archive-date = 19 March 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140319192915/http://www.lydd-airport.co.uk/ |url-status = live }}

David Denne (1799–1861), of the family of that name from Lydd, was an English first-class cricketer, Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for the County of Kent, and formerly Captain of the East Kent and Cinque Ports Yeomanry, and Bailiff of the town Corporation 23 times.{{Cite web | url = http://www-uk8.cricket.org/ci/content/player/12384.html | title = Players and Officials – David Denne | access-date = 17 August 2008 | publisher = Cricinfo.com }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|last1=Bellinger|first1=Terreena|title=MONUMENT AND TRANSCRIPTION LIST: LYDD CHURCH, 2009|url=http://rmrt.org.uk/assets/monuments-and-transciption-list-lydd-church.pdf|publisher=rmrt.org.uk|access-date=3 April 2018|archive-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073934/http://rmrt.org.uk/assets/monuments-and-transciption-list-lydd-church.pdf|url-status=live}}

Samuel Fisher (1605–1665), a noted lecturer at Lydd, resigned his lectureship to become Baptist and a Quaker. He was noted for his controversial religious views, and is notable for his book Rusticus ad Academicos: The Rusticks Alarm to the Rabbies. It is considered to anticipate some principles of modern biblical criticism. Fisher lived in Lydd from 1632 until 1660.{{cite DNB|wstitle= Fisher, Samuel (1605-1665) |volume= 19 |last= Bickley |first= Augustus Charles |author-link= Augustus Charles Bickley |pages= 70-72 |year= |short=1}}

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=78830&cityname=Lydd%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&units=|title=Lydd, England Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|work=Weatherbase|access-date=28 September 2015|archive-date=1 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401013219/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=78830&cityname=Lydd%2C+England%2C+United+Kingdom&units=|url-status=live}}

{{Weather box

|location = Lydd Airport weather station, 16m amsl (ICAO code: EGMD, WMO identifier: 03887)

|single line = Yes

|metric first = Yes

|Jan high F = 45

|Feb high F = 45

|Mar high F = 48

|Apr high F = 52

|May high F = 58

|Jun high F = 63

|Jul high F = 67

|Aug high F = 68

|Sep high F = 65

|Oct high F = 58

|Nov high F = 50

|Dec high F = 46

|year high F = 55

|Jan low F = 38

|Feb low F = 37

|Mar low F = 37

|Apr low F = 41

|May low F = 46

|Jun low F = 51

|Jul low F = 56

|Aug low F = 56

|Sep low F = 53

|Oct low F = 47

|Nov low F = 41

|Dec low F = 38

|year low F = 45

|Jan precipitation inch = 1.9

|Feb precipitation inch = 1.6

|Mar precipitation inch = 1.8

|Apr precipitation inch = 1.4

|May precipitation inch = 1.3

|Jun precipitation inch = 1.6

|Jul precipitation inch = 1.8

|Aug precipitation inch = 2

|Sep precipitation inch = 2.1

|Oct precipitation inch = 3.5

|Nov precipitation inch = 2.8

|Dec precipitation inch = 2.8

|year precipitation inch = 24.6

| Jan humidity =86

| Feb humidity =84

| Mar humidity =79

| Apr humidity =75

| May humidity =76

| Jun humidity =75

| Jul humidity =74

| Aug humidity =75

| Sep humidity =77

| Oct humidity =82

| Nov humidity =86

| Dec humidity =86

| Jan dew point C =4

| Feb dew point C =4

| Mar dew point C =5

| Apr dew point C =7

| May dew point C =9

| Jun dew point C =12

| Jul dew point C =14

| Aug dew point C =14

| Sep dew point C =13

| Oct dew point C =11

| Nov dew point C =8

| Dec dew point C =5

|source 1 = Weatherbase{{cite web

|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=78830&cityname=Lydd-England

|publisher=Weatherbase

|title=Weatherbase.com

|year=2013

|access-date=9 July 2013

|archive-date=14 April 2015

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414222047/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=78830&cityname=Lydd-England

|url-status=live}}

|source 2 =[https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@2643327/climate Time and Date] (dewpoints and humidity, between 2005−2015){{cite web

|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@2643327/climate

|title = Climate & Weather Averages at Lydd Airport weather station

|publisher = Time and Date

|access-date = 6 February 2022}}

}}

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/VisRec/L/LYD/01.htm Drawings of Lydd church]

{{Shepway}}

{{Kent}}

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Category:Towns in Kent

Category:Civil parishes in Kent

Category:Cinque ports

Category:Beaches of Kent

Category:Folkestone and Hythe District