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Lyft Urban Solutions

{{Short description|Bicycle-sharing system developer and supplier}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Lyft Urban Solutions Inc.

| logo = Lyft urban solutions-logo.png

| logo_alt = Lyft Urban Solutions

| former_name = {{ubl|Public Bike System Company|{{smaller|(Société de Vélo en Libre-Service)}}}}

| type = Private

| industry = Bicycle-sharing systems

| founded = {{ubl|{{Start date and age|2008}},|in Montreal, Quebec, Canada|{{smaller|(as Public Bike System Company)}}}}

| founder = Société en commandite Stationnement de Montréal (SCSM)

| hq_location_city = Longueuil, Quebec

| hq_location_country = Canada

| owner = {{ubl|Lyft, Inc. {{smaller|(2022–present)}}}}

| area_served = Worldwide

| brands = Iconic, Boost, Fit, E-Fit

| website = {{URL|lyfturbansolutions.com/}}

| footnotes = {{notelist}}

}}

Lyft Urban Solutions, formerly PBSC Urban Solutions and originally Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and software, and sells its products to cities in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil and more.{{Cite web | url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernet-internetopic.nsf/eng/wr04520.html | title=PBSC Urban solutions| date=21 February 2020}}{{Cite web | url=https://www.pbsc.com/cities/ |title = Cities love to use our bike-sharing solutions}}{{Cite web | url=http://www.devotomagazine.com.ar/files/nota2012.asp?id=4636 |title = El sistema publico de bicicletas no llegar a Devoto en 2019}} The company has sold about 280,000 bikes and 13,000 stations to 50 cities.{{Cite web | url=http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/5d3dac7a-a60a-4c8c-a1be-b24c348a9041__7C___0.html | title=Comment j'ai implanté un système de vélopartage| date=2018-03-05}}{{Cite web | url=https://www.pbsc.com/about/ | title=The worldwide bike-sharing system provider}}{{cite web|url=https://www.pbsc.com/|title=Homepage|website=PBSC Urban Solutions}}

Public Bike System Company (PBSC) was initially created by the City of Montreal{{cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|title=Canadian Company Behind Bike-Sharing Programs Seeks Bankruptcy Protection|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/21/business/international/canadian-company-behind-bike-sharing-programs-seeks-bankruptcy-protection.html|access-date=21 January 2014|date=20 January 2014|work=The New York Times}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bixisystem.com/who-we-are/about-us/ |access-date=August 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826132941/http://www.bixisystem.com/who-we-are/about-us/ |archive-date=August 26, 2011 |title=PBSC }} to supply and operate its public bike share system under the brand Bixi (later becoming Bixi Montréal), which was introduced in 2009.{{cite web|url=http://greaterplaces.com/project-topic/bikeshare-bixi-montreal/|title=Bikeshare: Bixi Montreal {{!}} Greater Places|website=greaterplaces.com|access-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805100416/http://greaterplaces.com/project-topic/bikeshare-bixi-montreal/|archive-date=2016-08-05|url-status=dead}} The name 'Bixi' is a portmanteau of bicycle' and 'taxi. Starting in 2010, Lyft Urban Solutions began to export the Bixi brand of bike-share systems to various other cities.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

Bruno Rodi purchased the international division in April 2014 and renamed the company to PBSC Urban Solutions.{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/part-3-of-a-series-pbsc-urban-solutions-brings-bike-sharing-to-the-world|title=Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)|date=2015-10-23|website=Montreal Gazette|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-14}}{{cite web|url=http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/deb013d2-44cc-42b4-8d3d-6db400155cb7%25257C_0.html|title=Bruno Rodi, PDG de Global B. Rodi inc. - La Presse+|date=2015-08-27|website=La Presse+|language=fr-CA|access-date=2016-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011102145/http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/deb013d2-44cc-42b4-8d3d-6db400155cb7%25257C_0.html|archive-date=2016-10-11|url-status=dead}} (Montreal's on-the-ground Bixi bike-share operations were not included in the sale, and were reorganized under the Bixi Montréal name.) In 2015, he sold the majority share to Luc Sabbatini, who became CEO.

On May 17, 2022, Lyft, Inc. acquired PBSC Urban Solutions for $160 million and rebranded the subsidiary to Lyft Urban Solutions.{{Cite news|url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/LYFT-INC-56481539/news/Lyft-Inc-completed-the-acquisition-of-PBSC-Urban-Solutions-Inc-for-approximately-160-million-41280938/|title=Lyft, Inc. completed the acquisition of PBSC Urban Solutions Inc. for approximately $160 million.|work=MarketScreener|access-date=2023-01-01|language=en-US}}

History

In 2007, the city of Montreal published the "Reinvent Montreal" transportation plan, which featured a bike sharing system as a method of reducing automobile dependence. To design and operate the new system, the city created the Public Bike System Company (PBSC). This was a private non-profit company overseen by Stationnement de Montréal (the Montreal parking authority).{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/business/City+insists+taxpayers+will+still+come+ahead+with+Bixi/4800187/story.html|title=City insists taxpayers will still come ahead with Bixi|last=Riga|first=Andy|date=May 17, 2010|work=Montreal Gazette|publisher=Canwest|access-date=2011-08-22}}

After the 2008 implementation of the system in Montreal, solutions like Bixi began expanding around the world. Lyft Urban Solutions' systems are now found across North America, Latin America, Europe and more.

In May 2009, the system began operation in Montreal, with 3000 bicycles and 300 stations.{{citation needed|date=May 2018}}{{Cite web |date=2016-08-05 |title=Bikeshare: Bixi Montreal {{!}} Greater Places |url=http://greaterplaces.com/project-topic/bikeshare-bixi-montreal/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805100416/http://greaterplaces.com/project-topic/bikeshare-bixi-montreal/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 }} After several expansions and the integration of electric bikes, in 2021 the Montreal system has 9,092 bikes and e-bikes and 750 stations.{{Cite web |title=Montréal Bike Share Program |url=https://www.pbsc.com/cities/montreal-bike-share |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=MONTREAL GETS E-FIT |url=https://www.pbsc.com/blog/2019/08/montreal-gets-e-fit |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |date=26 August 2019 |language=en}}

From June to September 2009, the system was introduced in a pilot study in Ottawa/Gatineau.{{cite web | title=A bicycle built for sharing | url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/bicycle+built+sharing/1675718/story.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613034529/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/bicycle+built+sharing/1675718/story.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2009-06-13 | work=Ottawa Citizen | date=2009-06-09 | access-date=2009-06-10 }} This was followed by operations in Melbourne, Australia from May 2010,{{cite web|url=http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/lancement-melbourne|title=First international launch: BIXI's rolling in Melbourne|publisher=Montreal.bixi.com|access-date=2017-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605024143/http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/lancement-melbourne/|archive-date=2010-06-05|url-status=dead}} Minneapolis (MN), in June 2010,{{cite web |url=http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/the_first_bixi_unveiling_U-S_city/ |title=BIXI - News |publisher=Montreal.bixi.com |access-date=2011-02-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906192357/http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/the_first_bixi_unveiling_U-S_city/ |archive-date=2010-09-06 }} and London in July 2010.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-10810869 | publisher=BBC News | title=London saddles up for new bike hire scheme | date=2010-07-30}} Lyft Urban Solutions launched on the Washington State University campus in August 2010, in Washington, D.C. & Arlington under the name "Capital Bikeshare" in September 2010.

In 2011, Lyft Urban Solutions implemented a bike-sharing system in Boston under the name "Hubway" and in Toronto, under the name "Bike Share Toronto".{{Cite web |title=BIXI bike-sharing officially launches in Toronto |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2011/05/bixi_bike-sharing_officially_launches_in_toronto/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.blogto.com |language=en}}

In 2012, the company expanded to Chattanooga, USA.{{Cite web |title=Chattanooga Bike Share Program |url=https://www.pbsc.com/cities/chattanooga-bike-share |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}}

In 2013, the company continues its expansion in the United States by implementing systems in Chicago,{{Cite web |title=City's Bike Sharing Program Launches Today |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/citys-bike-sharing-program-launches-today/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=28 June 2013 |language=en-US}} New York and Aspen.{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Bob |title=Bike sharing comes to Aspen |url=https://www.aspentimes.com/news/bike-sharing-comes-to-aspen/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.aspentimes.com |date=June 2013 |language=en-US}}

In 2014, Lyft Urban Solutions expands its activities to Guadalajara, Mexico where it deploys 1,276 bikes and 122 stations. As of 2021, the city has 3,200 bikes and 305 stations.{{Cite web |title=Guadalajara Bike Share Program |url=https://www.pbsc.com/cities/guadalajara-bike-share |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}}

On January 20, 2014, the company filed for bankruptcy in Montreal, citing $46 million in debt. Part of the issue in the bankruptcy was that Chicago and New York were withholding $5 million in payments because of software issues with the docking stations.{{cite news|url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20140122/TRANSPORTATION/140129956/citi-bike-supplier-rides-into-bankruptcy|title=Citi Bike supplier rides into bankruptcy|agency=Bloomberg News|website=Crain's New York Business|access-date=2016-06-17}}{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bixi-owes-50m-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-1.2503974|title=Bixi goes bust in Montreal, files for bankruptcy protection|website=www.cbc.ca|access-date=2016-06-17}} Over the course of 2014, Bruno Rodi purchased the international division of Bixi and renamed it to PBSC Urban Solutions. Luc Sabbatini became CEO of the company in January 2015.{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/part-3-of-a-series-pbsc-urban-solutions-brings-bike-sharing-to-the-world|title=Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)|date=2015-10-23|website=Montreal Gazette|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-17}}

In 2015, the company announced that it was making a $2 million investment in Research & Development.{{Cite web |title=Bike Sharing Company |url=https://www.pbsc.com/about-us |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}} That same year, Lyft Urban Solutions rolled out its solutions in Toluca, Mexico{{Cite web |title=Le vélo québécois Bixi poursuit sa conquête du monde |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/774622/bixi-villes-velo-bike-sharing-pbsc |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Radio-Canada.ca |language=fr-ca}} and announced the expansion of its existing networks in London, Chicago,{{Cite web |date=2015-04-17 |title=Divvy begins expansion that will bring bike share access to 56% of Chicago residents |url=https://betterbikeshare.org/2015/04/17/divvy-begins-expansion-that-will-bring-bike-share-access-to-56-of-chicago-residents/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Better Bike Share |language=en-US}} Washington{{Cite web |title=Capital Bikeshare to get new bicycles, add nearly 60 stations starting this fall |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/after-major-procuring-setback-capital-bikeshare-could-get-new-bikes-this-fall/2015/08/03/49c3f7d8-37c7-11e5-9d0f-7865a67390ee_story.html |website=washingtonpost.com |publication-date=3 August 2015}} and Guadalajara.

In 2016, Lyft Urban Solutions added a new pedal-assist electric bike to its portfolio, and rebranded two of its existing bikes. That same year, the company implemented its solution in Kona, U.S. and expanded in Toronto,{{Cite web |date=2016-07-05 |title=Bike Share Toronto rolls into the big time with major expansion |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/07/05/bike-share-toronto-rolls-into-the-big-time-with-major-expansion.html |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=thestar.com |language=en}} Chicago, Washington and Aspen.

In 2017, the company deployed its first system in Brazil in the city of Recife, which consisted of 800 bikes and 80 stations. The company also rolled out its systems in Detroit,{{Cite web |last=Staes |first=Jer |date=2017-04-26 |title=Meet MoGo, Detroit's Public Bike Share Program That Will Launch In May |url=http://www.dailydetroit.com/2017/04/26/meet-mogo-detroits-public-bike-share-program-will-launch-may/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Daily Detroit |language=en-US}} Louisville,{{Cite web |last=Klayko |first=Branden |date=2017-05-10 |title=LouVelo bike share stations popping up all around town |url=https://brokensidewalk.com/2017/louvelo-installation/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Broken Sidewalk |language=en-US}} Tucson{{Cite web |title=Bikeshare Hawaii selects PBSC Urban Solutions as partner to supply bikes for Honolulu |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2015/12/08/bikeshare-hawaii-selects-pbsc-urban-solutions-as.html |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.bizjournals.com}} & Honolulu{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2017 |title=Bike share program coming to Tucson, AZ Jewish Post |url=https://azjewishpost.com/2017/bike-share-program-coming-to-tucson/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Arizona Jewish Post |language=en-US}} in the United States, and Aruba in the Caribbean.

In 2018, the company announced a second R&D investment of more than $5 million. New systems were launched in Valence,{{Cite web |date=2018-10-27 |title=L'agglomération Valence-Romans s'offre des vélos à la new-yorkaise |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/transports/l-agglo-valence-romans-se-remet-a-fond-au-velo-1540491898 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=ici, par France Bleu et France 3 |language=fr}} France and Nicosia, Cyprus' capital. Thanks to its partnership with Tembici and Itaú Unibanco operators, Lyft Urban Solutions expanded its network in Brazil with the deployment of 9,000 bikes in several cities:{{Cite press release |title=PBSC annonce le lancement prochain du plus grand système de vélopartage en Amérique latine |url=https://www.newswire.ca/fr/news-releases/pbsc-annonce-le-lancement-prochain-du-plus-grand-systeme-de-velopartage-en-amerique-latine-632686553.html |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.newswire.ca |language=fr}} Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo,{{Cite web |title=Modern bike-sharing technology to be implemented in São Paulo |url=https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/64920/bike-sharing-technology-sao-paulo/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=Intelligent Transport |language=en}} Porto Alegre, Vila Velha and Salvador.

In 2019, Lyft Urban Solutions was awarded a 7,000 bike contract in Barcelona, 1,000 of them being electric assisted bikes.{{Cite web |date=2018-09-29 |title=Une commande de 7000 vélos pour Cycles Devinci à Barcelone |url=https://www.lequotidien.com/2018/09/29/une-commande-de-7000-velos-pour-cycles-devinci-a-barcelone-641d9dcd14724fa09831921ae06e079e |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Le Soleil |language=fr}}{{Cite web |title=Bike-sharing Industry Pioneer PBSC Urban Solutions to Revolutionize Electric Urban Mobility in Barcelona |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/bike-sharing-industry-pioneer-pbsc-urban-solutions-to-revolutionize-electric-urban-mobility-in-barcelona-1027565146 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=markets.businessinsider.com |language=en}} The same year the company expanded to Monaco,{{Cite web |title=Monaco mise sur le vélo électrique en libre-service |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/monaco-mise-velo-electrique-libre-service-1699598.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=France 3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |date=15 July 2019 |language=fr-FR}} Buenos Aires in Argentina, and Santiago in Chile.{{Cite press release |title=PBSC Urban Solutions selected to introduce the most modern bike sharing solution to Buenos Aires and Santiago |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/pbsc-urban-solutions-selected-to-introduce-the-most-modern-bike-sharing-solution-to-buenos-aires-and-santiago-692103891.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=www.newswire.ca |language=en}} It also extended some of its existing systems, including BIXI in Montreal, We-Cycle in Aspen and Libélo in Valence.{{Cite web |date=2019-10-25 |title=Valence-Romans : le réseau Libélo s'étend dans l'agglomération |url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/transports/valence-romans-le-reseau-libelo-s-etend-dans-l-agglomeration-1571933709 |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=ici, par France Bleu et France 3 |language=fr}}

In 2020, Lyft Urban Solutions entered the Middle East with the launch of Careem Bike, a fully electric system, in Dubai.{{Cite press release |author=PBSC Urban Solutions|date=2019-12-02 |title=PBSC PARTNERS WITH CAREEM INDUBAITO LAUNCH FIRST LARGE-SCALE ELECTRIC BIKE-SHARE NETWORK INTHE MIDDLE EAST |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/12/02/1954824/0/en/PBSC-PARTNERS-WITH-CAREEM-INDUBAITO-LAUNCH-FIRST-LARGE-SCALE-ELECTRIC-BIKE-SHARE-NETWORK-INTHE-MIDDLE-EAST.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=fr}} In the same year, it also implemented its solution in San Sebastian, Spain.

In 2021, Lyft Urban Solutions broadened its activities in several cities around the world: Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, Clermont-Ferrand in France,{{Cite press release |author=PBSC Urban Solutions |date=2021-03-18 |title=Pionnier du mouvement vélopartage, PBSC installera ses vélos et sa technologie à Clermont-Ferrand, France |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/03/18/2195061/0/fr/Pionnier-du-mouvement-v%C3%A9lopartage-PBSC-installera-ses-v%C3%A9los-et-sa-technologie-%C3%A0-Clermont-Ferrand-France.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en}} Sibiu in Romania,{{Cite web |title=Terminalele stațiilor de închirieri biciclete au fost instalate în Piața Mică |url=https://www.tribuna.ro/stiri/eveniment/terminalele-statiilor-de-inchirieri-biciclete-au-fost-instalate-in-piata-mica-162663.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=www.tribuna.ro}} Quebec City in Canada{{Cite web |last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Société- |title=Le vélopartage fait son entrée à Québec |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1807362/velopartages-quebec-electrique-assistance-bixi |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=Radio-Canada.ca |language=fr-ca}} and in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil.{{Cite web |last=Soares |first=Roberta|agency=Agência Brasil |date=2021-10-11 |title=Brasília ganha sistema de bicicletas compartilhadas igual ao Bike PE, só que mais barato |url=https://jc.ne10.uol.com.br/colunas/mobilidade/2021/10/13612504-brasilia-ganha-sistema-de-bicicletas-compartilhadas-igual-ao-bike-pe.html |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=JC |language=pt-br}}

In 2022, the company reached new territories in Colombia and Romania, rolling out its solutions in the cities of Pittsburgh,{{Cite web |title=Pittsburgh's bike share rolling out new fleet, including e-bikes |url=https://triblive.com/local/pittsburghs-bike-share-rolling-out-new-fleet-including-e-bikes/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Tribune-Review |date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317200413/https://triblive.com/local/pittsburghs-bike-share-rolling-out-new-fleet-including-e-bikes/ |archive-date=17 March 2022 |language=en-US}} Bogota,{{Cite web |title=Bogotá ahora tiene sistema de bicicletas compartidas: ¿Cómo funciona? {{!}} Bogota.gov.co |url=https://bogota.gov.co/mi-ciudad/movilidad/bogota-ahora-tiene-sistema-de-bicicletas-compartidas-como-funciona |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=bogota.gov.co |language=es}}{{Cite web |title=Tembici investe R$ 53 milhões para levar suas bikes compartilhadas para a Colômbia |url=https://labsnews.com/pt-br/noticias/negocios/tembici-chega-na-colombia-com-investimento-de-r-53-milhoes/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=LABS Português |language=pt-BR}} Dej, and Sibiu.{{Cite web |title=Terminalele stațiilor de închirieri biciclete au fost instalate în Piața Mică |url=https://www.tribuna.ro/stiri/eveniment/terminalele-statiilor-de-inchirieri-biciclete-au-fost-instalate-in-piata-mica-162663.html |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.tribuna.ro}} It also expanded some of its existing networks, including BIXI in Montreal, Careem Bike in Dubai,{{Cite web |title=RTA, Careem launch Phase II of bike rental service |url=https://mediaoffice.ae/en/news/2022/March/06-03/RTA-Careem-launch-Phase-II-of-bike-rental-service |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=mediaoffice.ae}} Santander Cycles in London,{{Cite web |title=E-bikes to be added to TfL's Santander Cycles scheme |url=https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-news/138606/e-bikes-transport-for-london-santander-cycles/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=Intelligent Transport |language=en}} Bike Share Toronto in Toronto, Biki in Honolulu, àVélo in Québec City, Bike Itau in São Paulo, and Libélo in Valence.

On April 19, 2022, Lyft announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire PBSC Urban Solutions.{{Cite web |title=Lyft to acquire Bixi supplier PBSC Urban Solutions |url=https://montrealgazette.com/business/local-business/lyft-to-acquire-bixi-supplier-pbsc-urban-solutions |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=montrealgazette |language=en-CA}} The transaction closed on May 17, 2022 and the company was renamed Lyft Urban Solutions.

In 2023, Lyft Urban Solutions launched bicimad, a fully electric system in Madrid, Spain, and Biki in Valladolid, Spain.

Original developers

  • 8D Technologies developed the technological platform behind the Bixi system, including the wireless bike station terminals, the RFID bike dock technology and the software systems. The system runs on a combination of solar energy and grid charged batteries. 8D also created the Spotcycle bike-share smartphone app that locates and shows the status of bike stations close to the users.{{cite web |url=http://techno.lapresse.ca/nouvelles/200811/19/01-802160-la-technologie-quebecoise-interesse-les-etrangers.php |title=La technologie québécoise intéresse les étrangers |last1=Mc Kenna |first1=Alain |date=21 November 2008 |website=La Presse |access-date=30 August 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826070450/http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4200 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2016 |title=Montreal RFID-enabled Bike Project Picks Up Speed|last1=Swedberg |first1=Claire|date=17 July 2008|website=RFID Journal|access-date=30 August 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.itworldcanada.com/article/wireless-solar-power-drives-montreal-bike-rentals/4397 |title=Wireless, solar power drives Montreal bike rentals |last1=Lau |first1=Kathleen|date=10 November 2008 |website=IT World Canada |publisher=ITWC |access-date=30 August 2016}}{{cite web |url=http://www.directioninformatique.com/8d-la-nouvelle-dimension-du-velo-urbain/9491 |title=8D: la nouvelle dimension du vélo urbain |last1=Beaulieu |first1=Alain |date=22 October 2008 |website=Direction informatique |access-date=30 August 2016}}
  • Michel Dallaire designed the physical components.{{cite web|url=https://l-express.ca/michel-dallaire-pionnier-du-design-industriel-dici/|title=Michel Dallaire, pionnier du design industriel d'ici - L'Express|website=l-express.ca}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/montreals-wheels-of-fortune/article793510/|title=Montreal's wheels of fortune|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|date=27 November 2009 |last1=Gagnon |first1=Lysiane }}
  • Robotics Design designed the bike docks and the locking system.{{Cite web |url=https://www.etsmtl.ca/nouvelles/2009/Les-succes-du-Centech |title=ÉTS : Les succès du Centech |access-date=2018-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003172420/http://www.etsmtl.ca/nouvelles/2009/Les-succes-du-Centech |archive-date=2018-10-03 |url-status=dead }}
  • Cycles Devinci manufactures PBSC's bikes in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec.{{cite web|url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1057533/cycles-devinci-contrat-bresil-bixi|title=Cycles Devinci fait une percée au Brésil|website=Radio-Canada.ca|date=22 September 2017 }}
  • Michel Gourdeau suggested the name Bixi, a portmanteau of bicycle and taxi, which was selected by a majority of the people who participated in a contest organized by the city of Montreal.{{cite web|url=http://journalmetro.com/actualites/montreal/1453657/dix-choses-que-vous-ne-saviez-probablement-toujours-pas-sur-bixi/|title=Dix choses que vous ne saviez (probablement) toujours pas sur BIXI|date=9 April 2018 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/transports-urbanisme/525325/coup-d-oeil-dans-le-retroviseur-pour-bixi|title=BIXI entame sa dixième saison|website=Le Devoir|date=16 April 2018 }}

Current systems

The cities that currently use Lyft bike-share systems are listed below:{{Cite web|url=https://lyfturbansolutions.com/cities|title=Lyft Urban Solutions' shared micromobility programs around the world|website=Lyft Urban Solutions|language=en|access-date=2024-11-27}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
City

! Country

! Launch date

! System name

! Stations

! Bikes

Abu Dhabi{{cite web|url=https://lyfturbansolutions.com/blog/2021/05/lyft-urban-solutions-and-careem-bike-expand-into-abu-dhabi-and-ras-al-khaimah|title=Lyft Urban Solutions and Careem Bike expand into Abu Dhabi and Ras Al Khaïmah|date=May 3, 2021|website=Lyft Urban Solutions|language=en|access-date=2024-11-27}}

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}

|2021

|Careem Bike

|50

|300

Aruba

| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Aruba}}

|2017

|Green Bike Aruba

|8

|100

Aspen/Basalt, Colorado

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2013

|WE-cycle

| 90

| 520

Austin, Texas

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

|2024

|CapMetro Bikeshare

|76

|494

Barcelona

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flag|Spain}}

| 2019

| Bicing

| 519

| 7,000

Bogotá

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Colombia}}

|2022

|Tembici

|300

|3,300

Boston, Massachusetts

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2011

|Bluebikes

| 500

| 5,207

Brasília

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Brazil}}

|2021

|Tembici

|70

|530

Buenos Aires

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Argentina}}

| 2019

| Ecobici

| 400

| 4,400

Chattanooga, Tennessee

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2012

|Bike Chattanooga

| 43

| 458

Chicago, Illinois

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2013

| Divvy

| 1,000

| 12,792

Clermont-Ferrand

|style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagu|France}}

|2021

|C.vélo

|57

|680

Columbus, Ohio

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2013

|CoGo

| 91

| 522

Curitiba

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flag|Brazil}}

|2023

|Tembici

|50

|500

Dej

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Romania}}

|2023

|Dej velo city

|16

|221

Detroit, Michigan

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2017

|MoGo

| 79

| 679

Dubai

|style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United Arab Emirates}}

|2020

|Careem Bike

|175

|1,750

Fort Worth, Texas

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

|2024

|Trinity Metro Bikes

|62

|400

Guadalajara

| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Mexico}}

| 2014

|MiBici

| 366

| 3,972

Honolulu, Hawaii

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2017

|Biki

| 136

| 1,576

Hunedoara

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Romania}}

|2024

|VeloCorvin

|12

|189

Kona, Hawaii

|align="left" | {{Flagu|United States}}

|2016

|Hawaii Island Bikeshare

|23

|209

A Coruña

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Spain}}

|2022

|bicicoruña

|55

|606

London

| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|United Kingdom}}

| 2010

| Santander Cycles

| 839

| 15,250

Madrid

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Spain}}

|2023

|bicimad

|611

|7,500

Medina

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}

|2024

|Careem Bike

|60

|500

Moinesti

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Romania}}

|2024

|Moinesti Bike City

|8

|121

Monaco

| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Monaco}}

|2019

|MonaBike

|43

|400

Montreal, Quebec

| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Canada}}

| 2009

| Bixi Montréal

| 934

| 11,379

New York, New York

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United States}}

| 2013

| Citi Bike

| 2,099

| 42,542

Nicosia

| style="text-align:left;"| {{flag|Northern Cyprus}}

|2018

|Velespeed

|43

|410

Nordelta

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flagu|Argentina}}

|2022

|Tembici

|20

|200

Pittsburgh

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flagu|United States}}

|2022

|POGOH

|82

|583

Porto Alegre

| style="text-align:left;"| {{flagu|Brazil}}

|2018

|Bike Itaú

|59

|665

Quebec City, Quebec

| style="text-align:left;"| {{Flag|Canada}}

|2021

|àVélo

|115

|1,300

Rio de Janeiro

| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagu|Brazil}}

| 2018

|Bike Itaú

| 355

| 3,600

Salvador

| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagu|Brazil}}

|2018

|Bike Itaú

|50

|400

San Sebastian

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Spain}}

|2011

|Dbizi

|70

|724

Sântana

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Romania}}

|2022

|Velo Sântana

|8

|90

Santiago

| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Chile}}

|2019

|Bike Santiago

|230

|3,501

São Paulo

| style="text-align:left;" |{{flagu|Brazil}}

|2018

|Bike Itaú

|320

|3,700

Sibiu

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Romania}}

|2022

|Sibiu Bike City

|57

|650

Toronto, Ontario

| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Canada}}

| 2011

|Bike Share Toronto

| 925

| 9,750

Tucson, Arizona

| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagu|United States}}

|2017

|Tugo

|41

|330

Valence

|style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagu|France}}

|2018

|Libélo

|55

|356

Valladolid

| style="text-align:left;"|{{Flag|Spain}}

|2023

|Biki

|97

|1,678

Washington, D.C.

| style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagu|United States}}

| 2010

|Capital BikeShare

| 769

| 11,746

Zaragoza

| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flag|Spain}}

| 2025

| {{ill|BiZi|es}}

|

|

Equipment

File:A001C0073 20220719192002.jpg powered by a Skyhook Solar Station.https://www.tbalcom.com/]]

A complete station is made up of a payment kiosk, bikes, and bike docks (where the bikes are locked). A station can be installed and configured in about half an hour; no excavation is required beforehand. Ordinary stations use solar power during the day and a rechargeable battery at night. Stations which can charge e-bikes, however, must be connected to an electrical power source.

In 2021, the We-Cycle in Aspen, Colorado began a pilot program with Skyhook Solar, utilizing solar charging stations to power e-bike docks and charge e-bikes. The program has been a success and We-Cycle has added Skyhook Solar Stations to several of its e-bike docks throughout the Roaring Fork Valley.{{Cite web |title=Bikeshare News: Your Solar-Powered E-bike Awaits |url=https://www.we-cycle.org/news/your-solar-powered-e-bike-awaits/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=WE-cycle |language=en-US}}

= Bike docks =

Bike docks hold and lock the bikes when they are not in use. Each dock includes a button which can be used to notify staff if a bicycle is defective. There are different types of stations:File:“Long Time No See” photography exhibition in Toronto’s Chinatown (51409940570).jpg kiosk and station in Toronto.]]

  • The electric stations which are powered by the electrical network and range from 100 V to 240 V.
  • The solar stations which are modular and self-sufficient in energy.

= Payment kiosks =

PBSC's payment kiosks are touchscreen-operated; most of them accept credit cards for short-term rentals. Users can unlock bikes using a numeric one-time PIN number generated by the payment kiosk or an app. Long-term subscribers also have the option to unlock a bike using a subscriber key, which works using contactless RFID ("tap") technology.

File:Station Santander Cycles.jpg station in London.]]

= Bikes =

{{see also|Santander Cycles#Devinci}}

The bicycles are utility bicycles; they have a unisex step-through frame with an upright seating position. They are equipped with grip-shifter-operated internally-geared hubs, drum brakes, mudguards/fenders, chain guard, generator lights, and a front rack.

The one-piece aluminum frame and handlebars conceal cables and fasteners, in an effort to protect them from vandalism and inclement weather. The tires are designed to be puncture-resistant and are filled with nitrogen to maintain proper inflation pressure longer.{{cite web | url = http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23836583-taking-a-ride-on-boriss-hot-wheels-hire-bikes.do | title = Taking a ride on Boris's hot wheels hire bikes | author = Ross Lydall | date = 2010-05-21 | publisher = London Evening Standard | access-date = 2010-06-29}} Twin LED rear lights are integrated into the robust frame, which weighs approximately 18 kg. The bikes were designed by Michel Dallaire; they are built in the Saguenay, Quebec region by Cycles Devinci.

File:111 Bícing a l'av. Francesc Cambó, amb l'edifici de la Caixa de Catalunya al fons (Barcelona).jpg bikes in Barcelona.]]

Four bike models are available. These include:{{cite web|url=https://www.pbsc.com/bikes-smart-stations|title=Bikes + Smart Stations|website=PBSC Urban Solutions}}

  • The "ICONIC". This is PBSC's original bike model. It has 26" wheels, and is heavy but sturdy.
  • The "FIT". This is a newer model. It is lighter-weight and has 24" wheels.
  • The "BOOST". This is PBSC's original e-bike. The battery lasts for up to {{cvt|60|km}} between charges.
  • The "E-FIT". This is a newer e-bike. The battery lasts for up to {{cvt|70|km}} between charges.

The "BOOST" and the "E-FIT" each include a 250 watt motor.

Each bike is also equipped with PBSC's patented anti-theft locking device.{{Cite web |title=🚴‍♀️ Bike Share Systems : Our Bike Sharing Programs |url=https://www.pbsc.com/bikes-smart-stations |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}} It can charge e-bikes batteries and communicate data in real-time to the control center.

Multimodal solution

The multimodal solution is a technology designed to dock and charge various vehicles (bikes, e-scooters, e-bikes) at a single station, by installing PBSC's patented locking device on the vehicles.{{Cite web |title=Multimodal Solution to Dock and Charge E-scooters & E-bikes |url=https://www.pbsc.com/blog/2020/10/pbsc-launches-multimodal-solution-to-dock-and-charge-e-scooters |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |date=14 October 2020 |language=en}}

Technologies

= PBSC mobile app =

The official PBSC bicycle-rental app is now called "PBSC"; it was formerly called "CycleFinder".{{cite web|url=http://www.journaldequebec.com/2016/04/09/chicago-a-petit-prix|title=Chicago à petit prix|last=Lamontagne|first=Kathryne|website=Le Journal de Québec|date=9 April 2016 |access-date=2016-06-14}}{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/bluesky/originals/ct-cyclefinder-divvy-app-bsi-20160331-story.html|title=Main Divvy app gets big makeover|website=chicagotribune.com|access-date=2016-06-14}} It can be used to unlock bikes (with the QR code), find nearby stations, find available bikes or empty docks, find a route to a destination, and more, all in real time.{{cite web|url=http://discovernewapps.net/appdetail?app_id=557237724|title=CycleFinder - PBSC Urban Solutions - Discover New Apps|website=discovernewapps.net|access-date=2016-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025044/http://discovernewapps.net/appdetail?app_id=557237724|archive-date=2016-08-08|url-status=dead}}

The app can be customized to each city's operators.{{Cite web |title=Mobile |url=https://bikesharetoronto.com/mobile/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Bike Share Toronto |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=C.Vélo - Le réseau C.Vélo |url=https://www.c-velo.fr/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=C.Vélo |language=fr-FR}}

= Transit App =

PBSC Urban Solutions also has a partnership with "Transit App";{{cite web|url=http://blog.masabi.com/blog/2015/10/05/masabi-transit-app-partner-create-integrated-urban-mobility-experience-transit-payments/|title=Masabi and Transit App Partner to Create Integrated Urban Mobility Experience for Transit and Payments|first=James|last=Gooch|website=blog.masabi.com|access-date=2015-11-11}} this app can also be used to find stations and unlock bikes.{{cite web|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/mar/08/electric-bikes-and-lighter-bikes-could-come-c/353981/|title=Chattanooga eyeing new bicycle models for bike-share program|website=timesfreepress.com|date=8 March 2016 |access-date=2016-06-14}}

= Comet =

Comet is a software program developed by PBSC. The control center allows operators to manage in real-time the system as it is connected to every station and bike. The software shares data about the system's bikes and stations status (need for maintenance, station current capacity), location of bikes, user profile (regular or occasional users).{{Cite web |title=📱 Bike Sharing Technology |url=https://www.pbsc.com/technology |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=PBSC Urban Solutions |language=en}}

2014 bankruptcy

In 2013, PBSC began having financial problems; the company filed for bankruptcy in early 2014.{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/01/21/264582819/big-bike-sharing-suppliers-bankruptcy-doesnt-doom-u-s-programs|title=Big Bike-Sharing Supplier's Bankruptcy Doesn't Doom U.S. Programs|website=NPR.org|date=21 January 2014 |access-date=2015-08-02|last1=Yu |first1=Alan }}{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bixi-bike-sharing-cities-1.3539443|title=Once bankrupt, Montreal's Bixi can't keep up with global demand|website=www.cbc.ca|access-date=2016-06-14}} In January 2014, Bixi filed for bankruptcy in Montreal, citing $46 million in debt. Part of the issue in the bankruptcy was that Chicago and New York were withholding $5 million in payments because of software issues with the docking stations. In February 2014, the city of Montreal bought all Bixi assets, with the intention of selling the international division of the bankrupt company.{{cite web |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/montreal/400392/montreal-annonce-l-acquisition-des-actifs-de-bixi |title=Montréal acquiert BIXI |date=20 February 2014 |website=Le Devoir|access-date=31 August 2016}} On April 9, 2014, Bruno Rodi, a Quebec businessman, bought Bixi's international division for $4 million{{cite web |url=http://affaires.lapresse.ca/economie/quebec/201404/10/01-4756473-bruno-rodi-met-la-main-sur-bixi-international.php |title=Bruno Rodi met la main sur Bixi international |last1=Vailles |first1=Francis|date=10 April 2014 |website=La Presse |access-date=31 August 2016}} and renamed it PBSC Urban Solutions.{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/part-3-of-a-series-pbsc-urban-solutions-brings-bike-sharing-to-the-world|title=Bixi: PBSC Urban Solutions brings bike-sharing to the world (Part 3)|date=2015-10-23|website=Montreal Gazette|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-16}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/11/business/pedaling-uphill-to-save-a-bike-share-pioneer.html?_r=1|title=Uphill Push to Save a Bike-Share Pioneer|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=Jan 9, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 January 2015}}

Operational difficulties

Several cities experienced hurdles in implementing Bixi systems.

A trial implementation in Ottawa and Gatineau took place in the summer of 2009, with 50 bikes and four stations available until September 2009. While the trial was successful, they did not return in 2010 since no company wanted to manage the project as the National Capital Commission wanted the contractor to buy the bicycles and locking stations.{{cite web|url=http://www.transitottawa.ca/2010/07/bixi-bike-rental-program-in-ottawa-hits.html |title=Public Transit in Ottawa: Bixi bike-rental program in Ottawa hits a snag |publisher=Transitottawa.ca |date=2010-07-16 |access-date=2011-02-23}} The project was revived, however, and 100 bikes and 10 stations were launched in spring 2011.{{cite web |url=http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/gatineau-ottawa/ |title=BIXI conquers a third capital: our system in the heart of the capital of Canada in 2011! |publisher=bixi.ca |date=2011-03-01 |access-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409173211/http://montreal.bixi.com/news/full/gatineau-ottawa/ |archive-date=2011-04-09 }}

Bixi's franchise in central Boston includes the right to negotiate to expand the system to neighboring municipalities. Central Boston will be served by a network that includes 2,500 bikes, and 290 stations with 3,750 docking spaces, with the potential to expand to a 5,000-bike system. The system was delayed, partly because of a lack of funding, but launched in Spring 2011 with 610 bikes and 61 stations.{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/49559410/bike-share-overview |title=Metro Boston Bike Share Program |publisher=Metropolitan Area Planning Council |date=2010-12-08 |access-date=2011-03-20}} It has since grown into the neighboring communities of Brookline, Cambridge and Somerville. They had initially planned to set up a Bixi system directly, but now are using Alta Bicycle Share, of Portland, Oregon, to set it up. Alta Bicycle Share uses the same bicycles and stations that are used in Bixi through the Public Bike System Company.{{cite web |url=http://www.bixisystem.com/ |title=Home |publisher=Bixisystem.com |access-date=2011-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904082057/http://www.bixisystem.com/ |archive-date=2011-09-04 |url-status=dead }}

The Bixi system in Montreal experienced some initial difficulties less than two months after its introduction in 2009, with damage and vandalism to some of the bikes. The newspaper La Presse reported on July 5, 2009, that one in five bikes had been damaged and 15% of bike racks are defective. Stationnement de Montréal communications director Michel Philibert stated the organization plans to reinforce racks and is testing prototype designs.{{cite news|url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/actualites/regional/montreal/200907/05/01-881358-robuste-le-bixi.php|title=Robuste, le Bixi?|last=Cameron|first=Daphné|date=2009-07-05|language=fr|work=La Presse|access-date=2009-07-12}} Designer Michel Dallaire stated it never occurred to him that people would try to break the stations to steal bikes.

{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/Picking+brain+Bixi+inventor/1896380/story.html|title=Picking the brain of Bixi's inventor|last=Halfnight|first=Andrew|date=August 17, 2009|work=Montreal Gazette|publisher=Canwest|access-date=2009-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828160708/http://www.montrealgazette.com/Picking+brain+Bixi+inventor/1896380/story.html|archive-date = 2009-08-28|url-status=dead}} There have since been no significant damage or vandalism issues reported in any of the installations of Bixi.

In 2012 a legal dispute over software from 8D Technologies led to implementation delays for Chattanooga, New York and San Francisco.[http://publicbikeshare.com/2012/04/30/8d-technologies-sues-bixi-bike-share-for-26-million/ 8d Technologies Sues Bixi] Public Bikeshare, 2012 April 30

In 2013 it was reported that the Toronto Bixi system was facing financial troubles and would be operated by Toronto Parking Authority in 2014 under a different name. The system had only paid back $600,000 of its $4,500,000 start up loan.{{cite web |url=http://www.torontolife.com/informer/toronto-business/2013/04/17/bixi-toronto-financial-problems/ |title=Bixi Toronto is having major financial problems | torontolife.com |access-date=2013-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511175758/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/toronto-business/2013/04/17/bixi-toronto-financial-problems/ |archive-date=2013-05-11 }} The unexpectedly rapid expansion of export business created cash flow problems for the parent company, PBSC Urban Solutions, which attempted to sell its international operations in June.[http://www.theatlanticcities.com/commute/2013/10/could-bixis-financial-problems-affect-bike-share-new-york-dc-and-beyond/7122/ Could Bixi's Financial Problems Affect Bike-Share in New York, D.C. and Beyond?] by Sarah Goodyear, theatlanticcities.com, 7 Oct. 2013

Effects

A study published in the American Journal of Public Health reports observing:{{cite journal|title=Impact Evaluation of a Public Bicycle Share Program on Cycling: A Case Example of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec|author=Daniel Fuller|author2=Lise Gauvin|author3=Yan Kestens|author4=Mark Daniel|author5=Michel Fournier|author6=Patrick Morency|author7=Louis Drouin|name-list-style=amp|journal=American Journal of Public Health|volume=103|issue=3|pages=e85–e92|date=January 17, 2013|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2012.300917|pmid = 23327280|pmc=3673500}}

:a greater likelihood of cycling for those exposed to the public bicycle-share program after the second season of implementation (odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval = 1.85, 4.42) after we controlled for weather, built environment, and individual variables.

In 2021, a study by Colorado State University in the United-States reported that the usage of bike share systems resulted in a calculated reduction of 4.7 premature deaths, 737 DALYS (disability-adjusted life years) and 36 million dollars (USD) in health economic impacts across the country annually.{{Cite journal|date=2021-11-01|title=Health impacts of bike-sharing systems in the U.S.|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935121010033|journal=Environmental Research|language=en|volume=202|pages=111709|doi=10.1016/j.envres.2021.111709|issn=0013-9351|last1=Clockston |first1=Raeven Lynn M. |last2=Rojas-Rueda |first2=David |pmid=34280419 |bibcode=2021ER....20211709C |url-access=subscription}}

See also

{{portal|Canada}}

{{Commons category|PBSC}}

References

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External links

  • {{Official website|https://www.pbsc.com/}}

{{Bixi}}

{{Bicycle sharing systems}}

Category:Companies based in Longueuil

Category:Transport companies of Canada

Category:Canadian companies established in 2009

Category:Transport companies established in 2009

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Category:Cycling in Canada

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