M. H. de Young

{{short description|American journalist and businessman (1849–1925)}}

{{Infobox person

| image = DeYOUNG, M.H. LCCN2016857751 Trim.jpg

| alt =

| caption = De Young {{circa}} 1905–1925

|birth_name = Michael Henry de Young

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1849|09|30}}

| birth_place = St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1925|02|15|1849|09|30}}

| death_place = San Francisco, California, U.S.

| nationality = American

| other_names =

| alma_mater = Heald College

| occupation = Newspaper publisher

| years_active = 1865–1925

| known_for = Co-founder of San Francisco Chronicle and director of the Associated Press

| relatives = Charles de Young (brother)
Max Thieriot (great-great-grandson)

| awards =

}}

Michael Henry de Young (September 30, 1849 – February 15, 1925) was an American journalist and businessman.

Early life

De Young was born in St. Louis, Missouri. The family was Jewish.{{cite book|last=Adams|first=Charles F.|title= Murder by the Bay: Historic Homicide In And About The City Of San Francisco|publisher=Quill Driver Books|year=2005|location=San Francisco|pages=[https://archive.org/details/murderbybay00char/page/59 59]|url=https://archive.org/details/murderbybay00char|url-access=registration|isbn=1-884995-46-2}} Michael in later years claimed that his father was a Baltimore banker of French birth, but he may have been a peripatetic jeweler and dry-goods merchant named De Jong or De Jongh.{{cite book|last1=Brechin|first1=Gray|author-link=Gray Brechin|title=Imperial San Francisco : urban power, earthly ruin|date=2001|publisher=University of California press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-22902-9|edition=1st pbk. printing.|access-date=August 2, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lGJq8nWqY-oC}} Michael was the son of Cornelia "Amelia"{{cite book|last1=Markens|first1=Isaac|title=The Hebrews in America: A Series of Historical and Biographical Sketches|date=1888|publisher=Harvard University|page=[https://archive.org/details/hebrewsinameric00markgoog/page/n40 26]|url=https://archive.org/details/hebrewsinameric00markgoog|access-date=August 2, 2016}} (née Morange; 1809–1881) and, supposedly, Miechel de Young (died 1854), who married in 1837.{{cite book|last1=University of Wisconsin – Madison|title=Western States Jewish Historical Quarterly|date=1974|publisher=Southern California Jewish Historical Society.|pages=211|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3IvAQAAMAAJ&q=Benjamin+Morange|access-date=August 2, 2016|language=en}} His maternal grandfather, Benjamin Morange, who served as the French Minister to Spain under Napoleon I,[https://archive.org/details/hebrewsinameric00markgoog/page/n40 The Hebrews in America]{{cite book|title=The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia: An Authoritative and Popular Presentation of Jews and Judaism Since the Earliest Times, Volume 7|date=1942|publisher=Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Incorporated|page=487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9pwYAAAAIAAJ&q=Benjamin+Morange+napoleon&pg=PA487|access-date=August 2, 2016}} moved to the United States about 1815 and helped found the B'nai Jeshurun Congregation in New York in 1825.{{cite news|title=105th Anniversary of B'nai Jeshurun Congregation Marked|url=http://www.jta.org/1930/12/14/archive/105th-anniversary-of-bnai-jeshurun-congregation-marked|access-date=August 2, 2016|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=December 14, 1930}}

The de Young family moved from St. Louis to San Francisco in 1854. M. H. de Young's father was said to have died of a stroke during the journey.{{Cite book|title=Gaudy Century: The Story of San Francisco's Hundred Years of Robust Journalism|url=https://archive.org/details/gaudycenturystor0000bruc|url-access=registration|last=Bruce|first=John|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=1948|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/gaudycenturystor0000bruc/page/125 125], 127–128, 140–141}} M. H. de Young attended and graduated from Heald College, a San Francisco college founded in 1863.

Career

= News =

File:M. H. de Young 1885.jpg

In San Francisco, de Young and his brother, Charles de Young (1846–1880), founded the Daily Dramatic Chronicle newspaper, first published on January 17, 1865, with the loan of a twenty dollar gold piece which Michael received from his landlord. A third brother, Gustavus, whose initial originally appeared in the masthead ("G. and C. de Young"), later vanished. The Daily Dramatic Chronicle was a four-page tabloid that was freely distributed throughout San Francisco. According to the de Youngs, the Daily Dramatic Chronicle would be "the best advertising medium on the Pacific Coast." On September 1, 1868, the de Youngs expanded their tabloid into a daily newspaper. The first issue stated that the Chronicle would be "independent in all things, neutral in none." The Daily Dramatic Chronicle was sold under the condition that it be renamed the Dramatic Review. De Young was also the director of the Associated Press for many years.

= Public leadership =

De Young, inspired by the events of the Chicago World's Fair, led a campaign to bring a world's fair to San Francisco. De Young then became the director-general of the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894. During a visit to New York City, De Young was inspired by the Metropolitan Museum of Art's location in Central Park.{{Cite book|title=100 Years in Golden Gate Park: A Pictorial History of the M.H. De Young Memorial Museum.|last=Long|first=Charles|publisher=The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco|year=1995}} As a result, de Young wanted the fair to be held in Golden Gate Park. However, John McLaren, the superintendent of Golden Gate Park, was concerned about how the removal of many trees would affect the environment of the park. In an intense debate, de Young asked McLaren, "What is a tree? "What are a thousand trees compared to the benefits of the exposition?" Significantly, de Young owned about 31 blocks south of the park and could have been motivated by the fair's potential positive impacts on his real estate holdings. While the vast majority of the fair's buildings were soon destroyed, de Young persuaded the city to save the Fine Arts Building. The building was renamed the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum after de Young's death. De Young supported the museum throughout his life and bequeathed $150,000 to the museum upon his death.{{Cite book|title=Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialsanfranc0000brec|url-access=registration|last=Brechin|first=Gray|publisher=University of California Press|year=2006|isbn=9780520250086 }}

In 1895 he was nominated for U.S. Senate, but lost to fellow Republican George C. Perkins.

Personal life

De Young and his wife Katherine had five children:

Charles de Young (1881–1913)
Helen de Young (1883–1969), who married George T. Cameron (1873–1955){{cite news|title=HELEN DE YOUNG TO WED CLUBMAN Engagement to George Cameron Causes Stir in Social Circles|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19080603.2.26|access-date=July 27, 2016|work=San Francisco Call|issue=3|date=June 3, 1908|volume = 104}}
Constance Marie de Young (1885–1968), who married Joseph Oliver Tobin (1878–1978){{cite news|last1=Sward|first1=Susan|title=S.F. philanthropist Nini Tobin Martin dies|url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-philanthropist-Nini-Tobin-Martin-dies-3279483.php|access-date=July 27, 2016|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=June 25, 2008}}
Kathleen Yvonne de Young (1888–1954), who married Ferdinand Thieriot (1883–1920){{cite book|last1=Harvard College|title=Harvard College Class of 1906 Secretary's Third Report|date=1906|publisher=Crimson Printing Company|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PMgnAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA400}}
Phyllis D. de Young (1892–1988), who married Nion Robert Tucker (1885–1950){{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Obituaries: Phyllis de Young Tucker; S.F. Publishing Family Member|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-30-mn-7533-story.html|access-date=July 27, 2016|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 30, 1988}}

In 1884, De Young was shot by an irate businessman, Adolph B. Spreckels, apparently due to a negative newspaper article, and survived the injury. De Young died on February 15, 1925; a Roman Catholic mass was held in St. Mary's Cathedral{{cite news |title=Publisher of San Francisco Chronicle Buried With Simplest Rites |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/02/19/archives/low-mass-for-de-young-publisher-of-san-francisco-chronicle-buried.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 19, 1925 |access-date=22 January 2009 }} (he had converted to Catholicism after marrying his wife, Katherine I. Deane).{{Cite book|last=Gale|first=Robert L.|title=An Ambrose Bierce companion|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|pages=79|isbn=0-313-31130-7}}

=Legacy=

The M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, is named in his honor. According to his daughter, Helen de Young Cameron, de Young "loved objects. He was an incurable collector. He collected everything. He stored his collections at the Memorial Museum, where he would visit them at all hours. He took genuine delight in sharing them with the citizens of San Francisco, insisting that his museum never charge admission." De Young purchased many things of "curious and artistic and instructive value" for the museum.The Mineral Collector. Volume I, number 11, January 1895. Page 173.

=Descendants=

In 1956, one of De Young's grandsons, Ferdinand Melly Thieriot (1921–1956), the circulation director of The Chronicle, and his wife Frances (1921–1956), were among the 46 killed aboard the {{SS|Andrea Doria}} when it was struck by the {{MS|Stockholm|1948|6}} off the coast of Nantucket.Samuel Halpern, An Objective Forensic Analysis of the Collision Between Stockholm and Andrea Doria

De Young was the grandfather of Nan Tucker McEvoy (1919–2015), chair of Chronicle Publishing Company's board of directors until the 1990s.{{cite news|last1=Associated Press|title=Nan Tucker McEvoy, Heiress Who Ran San Francisco Chronicle, Dies at 95|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/28/business/nan-tucker-mcevoy-heiress-who-ran-san-francisco-chronicle-dies-at-95.html|access-date=July 27, 2016|work=The New York Times|date=March 27, 2015}} He is also the great-great-grandfather of actor Max Thieriot (born 1988).[http://ww2.kqed.org/pop/2013/04/11/qa-feeling-the-disconnect-with-actor-max-thieriot/ Q&A: Feeling the “Disconnect” with Actor Max Thieriot] His great-granddaughter, Kit Tobin, married society reporter and lawyer George Whipple III.{{Cite news |date=1987-07-26 |title=KIT TOBIN WEDS IN CALIFORNIA |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/26/style/kit-tobin-weds-in-california.html |access-date=2022-06-08 |issn=0362-4331}}