MACS1149-JD1

{{Redirect|JD1|the Korean singer|Jeong Dong-won}}

{{Infobox galaxy

| name = MACS1149-JD1

| image = Hubble and ALMA image of MACS J1149.5+2223.jpg

| caption = Hubble and ALMA image of galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 with an inset of MACS1149-JD1

| epoch = J2000

| constellation name = Leo

| ra = {{RA|11|49|33.584}}

| dec = {{DEC|+22|24|45.78}}

| z = {{val|9.1096|0.0006}}{{cite journal |title=The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang |journal=Nature |first=Takuya |last=Hashimoto |display-authors=etal |volume=557 |issue=7705 |pages=392–395 |date=May 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0117-z |bibcode=2018Natur.557..392H |arxiv=1805.05966 |pmid=29769675|s2cid=256770802 }}

| h_radial_v = {{val|2878008|59958|u=km/s}}{{cite journal |title=A magnified young galaxy from about 500 million years after the Big Bang |journal=Nature |first=Wei |last=Zheng |display-authors=etal |volume=489 |issue=7416 |pages=406–408 |date=September 2012 |doi=10.1038/nature11446 |bibcode=2012Natur.489..406Z |arxiv=1204.2305 |pmid=22996554|s2cid=118335980 }}

| dist_ly = {{cvt|9.311|Gpc|Gly|order=flip}}{{cite web |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=189158504 |title=Index for [PCB2012] 3020 |work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database |accessdate=19 May 2018}} (co-moving)
{{cvt|13.28|Gly|Gpc}}{{cite press release |url=http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/alma-finds-most-distant-oxygen-in-the-universe/ |title=ALMA Finds Most-Distant Oxygen in the Universe |publisher=ALMA Observatory |first=Nicolás |last=Lira |display-authors=etal |date=15 May 2018 |accessdate=6 September 2018 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602224730/https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/alma-finds-most-distant-oxygen-in-the-universe/ |url-status=dead }} (light travel)

| group_cluster = MACS J1149.5+2223

| type = Dwarf

| mass = {{Val|1.1|0.5|0.2|e=9}}

| stars =

| appmag_v = 26.8

| appmag_b =

| absmag_v =

| size_v = 0.00075 x 0.00035

| size = 3,000 ly (diameter)

| names = [PCB2012] 3020, [KOI2016] HFF4C-YJ1, [ZZI2017] 663{{cite simbad |title=[ZZI2017] 663 |access-date=19 May 2018}}

| references =

}}

MACS1149-JD1 (also known as JD1 and PCB2012 3020) is a young galaxy that is known for being one of the farthest known galaxies from Earth. It was discovered in 2014 and confirmed in 2018.{{Cite journal |last1=Hashimoto |first1=Takuya |last2=Laporte |first2=Nicolas |last3=Mawatari |first3=Ken |last4=Ellis |first4=Richard S. |last5=Inoue |first5=Akio K. |last6=Zackrisson |first6=Erik |last7=Roberts-Borsani |first7=Guido |last8=Zheng |first8=Wei |last9=Tamura |first9=Yoichi |last10=Bauer |first10=Franz E. |last11=Fletcher |first11=Thomas |last12=Harikane |first12=Yuichi |last13=Hatsukade |first13=Bunyo |last14=Hayatsu |first14=Natsuki H. |last15=Matsuda |first15=Yuichi |date=May 2018 |title=The onset of star formation 250 million years after the Big Bang |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0117-z |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=557 |issue=7705 |pages=392–395 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0117-z |pmid=29769675 |issn=0028-0836|arxiv=1805.05966 |bibcode=2018Natur.557..392H }} The JD1 galaxy is at a redshift of about z=9.11, or about {{convert|13.28|e9ly|e9pc|abbr=unit|lk=on}} away from Earth meaning that it formed when the universe was around 500 million years old.{{Cite web |title=NASA Telescopes Spy Ultra-Distant Galaxy - NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasa-telescopes-spy-ultra-distant-galaxy/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}

The carbon and neon abundances of JD1 are below the solar abundance ratio. The under-abundance of carbon suggests recent star formation where a Type II supernova enriched the interstellar medium (ISM) with oxygen, but intermediate mass stars have not yet enriched the ISM with carbon.{{cite journal |last1=Stiavelli |first1=Massimo |title=The puzzling properties of the MACS1149-JD1 galaxy at z=9.11 |date=2023-10-13 |arxiv=2308.14696 |last2=Morishita |first2=Takahiro |last3=Chiaberge |first3=Marco |last4=Grillo |first4=Claudio |last5=Leethochawalit |first5=Nicha |last6=Rosati |first6=Piero |last7=Schuldt |first7=Stefan |last8=Trenti |first8=Michele |last9=Treu |first9=Tommaso|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=957 |issue=2 |pages=L18 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad0159 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ApJ...957L..18S }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}

Due to a lack of old population stars detected, JD1 is probably a young galaxy.

We are able to see this galaxy because of the gravitational lensing caused by the MACS J1149.5+2223 Galaxy Cluster.