MAE-East
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}{{Short description|Internet exchange point serving the Eastern United States
}}
The MAE (later, MAE-East) was the first Internet Exchange Point (IXP). It began in 1992 with four locations in Washington, D.C., quickly extended to Vienna, Reston, and Ashburn, Virginia; and then subsequently to New York and Miami. Its name stood for "Metropolitan Area Ethernet," and was subsequently backronymed to "Metropolitan Area Exchange, East" upon the establishment of MAE-West in 1994.[http://info.ipinc.net/support/faqs/mae.html "Who's MAE, and why is she so slow?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716222029/http://info.ipinc.net/support/faqs/mae.html |date=2012-07-16 }}, Rob Robertson, 11 April 1997, accessed 3 July 2012 The MAE predated the National Information Infrastructure plan, which called for the establishment of IXPs throughout the United States.{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050214071013/http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/~floridi/compsci9705.html |archivedate=February 14, 2005 |url-status=dead |url=http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/~floridi/compsci9705.html |title=The Infrastructure of the Information Infrastructure |work=American Scientist |author=Brian Hayes |date=May 1997}} Although it initially had no single central nexus, one eventually formed in the underground parking garage of an office building in Vienna, VA.
History
MAE-East was originally created in 1992, primarily by Scott Yeager of Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS) and Rick Adams of UUNET.{{cite book |last1=Gregory |first1=Nathan |title=Securing the Network: F. Scott Yeager and the Rise of the Commercial Internet |date=2016 |publisher=Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp |isbn=9781520155586 }}{{cite journal |title=Home Work Gets Easier (cover story) |journal=Communication News |author1=Ripley Hotch |pages=12–14 |date=October 1999 |volume=36 |number=19 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_communications-news_1999-10_36_10/page/n13/mode/2up?q=%22scott+yeager%22 |quote=Yeager is best known for his work to create the original Internet peering sites}} "A group of network providers in the Virginia area got together over beer one night and decided to connect their networks", said principal MAE-East architect Steven Feldman (MFS).{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zJmxWNTxrwC&q=uunet+office+mae-east&pg=PA187 |title=The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-secret NSA from 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America |publisher=Random House |author=James Bamford |year=2009 |page=187 |isbn=9780307279392 |accessdate=February 27, 2014}}{{cite journal |last1=Gittlen |first1=Sandra |last2=Pappalardo |first2=Denise |title=MAE-East mayday answered with a $10 million Band-Aid |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oxsEAAAAMBAJ&dq=steve+feldman+principal+architect+MAE&pg=PA12 |issue=45 |journal=Network World |date=10 November 1997 |volume=10 |quote=Principal MAE architect Steve Feldman said WorldCom is not ready to commit to a single architecture, but is considering all the options.}} The founding networks were AlterNet (UUNET's backbone service), PSINet and Sprint-ICM.{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813184916/http://www.krnet.or.kr/board/include/download.php?no=798&db=dprogram&fileno=2 |archivedate=August 13, 2014 |url=http://www.krnet.or.kr/board/include/download.php?no=798&db=dprogram&fileno=2 |url-status=live |title=Enterprise Network Design |publisher=MCI |author=Tom Bechly |date=June 23, 2004 |accessdate=August 13, 2014}} See pages 70-76. MFS was the service provider offering metropolitan fiber, cross connects and switch ports for the ISPs to interconnect. MAE-East was modeled after FIX East and Fix West. It was established as a Distributed Layer 2 exchange (shared 10-Mbps Ethernet over FOIRL).{{cite web |last1=Woodcock |first1=Bill |title=A Brief History of Internet Exchanges |url=https://www.apricot.net/apricot2007/presentation/tutorial/Brief-History-of-IXes-v21.pdf |publisher=Packet Clearing House |date=July 2004}} By February 1993, the 10-Mbps metropolitan Ethernet connected the Sprint POP (ICMnet and AlterNet), College Park POP (AlterNet and NSFNet), MCI POP (SURAnet), and WillTel POP (PSINet). The MAE did not have a multi-lateral peering policy or agreement, so each participant was responsible for independently negotiating their own bilateral peering agreements. There was also no mandatory peering requirement, so no ISP was required to peer with any other.
In 1993, the National Science Foundation awarded MFS/MAE-East a grant establishing it as one of the four original Network Access Points, or NAPs.{{cite web |last1=Wolff |first1=Stephen |title=NAP awards |url=http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/mjts/1994-03/msg00001.html |website=com-priv mailing list |publisher=MERIT |date=2 March 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195813/http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/mjts/1994-03/msg00001.html |archive-date=2013-10-29 }} MAE-East then established a collocation facility at 1919 Gallows Road in Vienna, in a cinder-block room in the underground P1 parking garage. The MAE upgraded to switched Ethernet and shared FDDI in Fall 1994, growing to seven DEC GigaSwitches.{{cite journal |last1=Harris |first1=Susan R. |last2=Gerich |first2=Elise |title=Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era |journal=ConneXions |date=4 April 1996 |volume=10 |issue=4 |url=https://www.jumpjet.info/Offbeat-Internet/Gopher/Reference/Retiring_the_NSFNET_Backbone_Service.pdf}} FDDI ports were available at 8100 Boone Blvd (in the MFS offices across the road from Gallows Road), 1919 Gallows Road, and a number of private customer POPs. The GigaSwitch access was limited to 100 Mbps, suffered from head-of-line blocking, reached scaling limits, and began to suffer outages. MAE-East FDDI was closed to new customers after 1998 and was shut down in February 2001.{{cite web |last1=Golding |first1=Dan |title=Peering Evolution |url=https://archive.nanog.org/meetings/nanog27/presentations/golding.pdf |publisher=NANOG |access-date=10 February 2003}}
MAE-East ATM was intended to be a successor to the FDDI. MAE-East ATM was trialed in 1997 and went into production in 1998. ATM allowed for higher-speed access (e.g. 155mbps-622mbps) and Private Virtual Connections (PVCs), which was conceived of as a solution to some problems in which a single connected network could spread to affect the entire exchange. Frame Relay Access was added in 2002-2003 (155 mbps-2.5 gbps). In 2003, MAE-East ATM/Frame facilities were located at Boone Blvd, Sunrise Blvd, Tyco Road and Ashburn VA.
By the time it closed down in 2009, many of the ISPs previously connected to MAE-East had moved to Equinix Ashburn, a nearby Internet exchange built on gigabit Ethernet.
See also
- MAE-West
- Internet Exchange Point (IXP)
- Federal Internet Exchange (FIX)
- Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX)
- Network Access Point (NAP)
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831032929/http://www.academ.com/nanog/oct1996/mae-status.html#Notes |archivedate=August 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |url=http://www.academ.com/nanog/oct1996/mae-status.html#Notes |title=State of the Internet: NAPs: The MAEs operated by MFS |publisher=Academ Consulting Services |author=Stan Barber |date=1996}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223840/http://ithistory.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/mae-east-in-the-parking-garage.jpg Photograph of 1919 Vienna parking garage], the original mae-east built in a parking garage in the 1990s.
- {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430121452/http://www.mae.net/ |date=April 30, 2008 |title=mae.net }}. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20050518153448/http://www.mae.net/docs/WP8632.a.MAE%20Services.pdf Mae Services White Paper] (2005) for historical information.
- [http://drpeering.net/AskDrPeering/blog/articles/Ask_DrPeering/Entries/2009/5/10_How_Equinix_Beat_MAE-East___IX_Playbook_Tactics_8-11.html "How Equinix beat MAE-East," a blog written in 2009.]
Category:Internet exchange points in the United States