MALAT1
{{Short description|Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox rfam
| Name = Conserved secondary structure in Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
| image = MALAT1_secondary_structure.jpg
| width =
| caption = Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of MALAT1
| Symbol = MALAT1
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| Rfam = RF01871
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| RNA_type = Gene;
| Tax_domain = Eukaryota;
| GO = {{GO|2000147}}
| SO = {{SO|0001263}}
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =
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MALAT1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) also known as NEAT2 (Nuclear-Enriched Abundant Transcript 2) is an infrequently spliced long non-coding RNA, which is highly conserved amongst mammals and highly expressed in the nucleus.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hutchinson JN, Ensminger AW, Clemson CM, Lynch CR, Lawrence JB, Chess A | title = A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 8 | pages = 39 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17270048 | pmc = 1800850 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-8-39 | doi-access = free }} {{open access}} It regulates the expression of metastasis-associated genes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gutschner T, Hämmerle M, Eissmann M, Hsu J, Kim Y, Hung G, Revenko A, Arun G, Stentrup M, Gross M, Zörnig M, MacLeod AR, Spector DL, Diederichs S | title = The noncoding RNA MALAT1 is a critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 73 | issue = 3 | pages = 1180–1189 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23243023 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2850 | pmc=3589741}} It also positively regulates cell motility via the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional regulation of motility-related genes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tano K, Mizuno R, Okada T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Ijiri K, Akimitsu N | title = MALAT-1 enhances cell motility of lung adenocarcinoma cells by influencing the expression of motility-related genes | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 584 | issue = 22 | pages = 4575–4580 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20937273 | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.008 | s2cid = 207575862 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010FEBSL.584.4575T }} MALAT1 may play a role in temperature-dependent sex determination in the Red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta).{{cite journal | vauthors = Chojnowski JL, Braun EL | title = An unbiased approach to identify genes involved in development in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination | journal = BMC Genomics | volume = 13 | pages = 308 | date = Jul 15, 2012 | pmid = 22793670 | pmc = 3434017 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-13-308 | doi-access = free }}
Expression in alcoholic brains
Transcripts of MALAT1 are significantly increased in the cerebellum of human alcoholics, as well as in similar regions of rat brains after the withdrawal of ethanol vapours. This alcohol-induced upregulation of MALAT1 may be responsible for differential expression of a number of proteins which contribute to ethanol tolerance and dependency in humans.{{cite journal | vauthors = Kryger R, Fan L, Wilce PA, Jaquet V | title = MALAT-1, a non protein-coding RNA is upregulated in the cerebellum, hippocampus and brain stem of human alcoholics | journal = Alcohol | volume = 46 | issue = 7 | pages = 629–634 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 22560368 | doi = 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.04.002 }}
Prognostic potential in cancer
Elevated MALAT1 expression is correlated with poor overall survival in various types of cancer, suggesting that this gene is a prognostic factor for different types of cancer.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tian X, Xu G | title = Clinical value of lncRNA MALAT1 as a prognostic marker in human cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = BMJ Open | volume = 5 | issue = 9 | pages = e008653 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26423854 | pmc = 4593150 | doi = 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008653 | url = }} {{open access}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Wei Y, Niu B | title = Role of MALAT1 as a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Various Cancers: A Systematic Review of the Literature with Meta-Analysis | journal = Disease Markers | volume = 2015 | pages = 164635 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26420912 | pmc = 4572489 | doi = 10.1155/2015/164635 | doi-access = free }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
{{refbegin | 2}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Guo F, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Li G | title = Inhibition of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in CaSki human cervical cancer cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion | journal = Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 224–229 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20213048 | doi = 10.1093/abbs/gmq008 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Ji Q, Liu X, Fu X, Zhang L, Sui H, Zhou L, Sun J, Cai J, Qin J, Ren J, Li Q | title = Resveratrol inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via MALAT1 mediated Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = e78700 | date = Nov 2013 | pmid = 24244343| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0078700 | pmc = 3823921 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...878700J | doi-access = free }} {{open access}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Tseng JJ, Hsieh YT, Hsu SL, Chou MM | title = Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 is up-regulated in placenta previa increta/percreta and strongly associated with trophoblast-like cell invasion in vitro | journal = Molecular Human Reproduction | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 725–731 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19690017 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/gap071 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = van Asseldonk M, Schepens M, de Bruijn D, Janssen B, Merkx G, Geurts van Kessel A | title = Construction of a 350-kb sequence-ready 11q13 cosmid contig encompassing the markers D11S4933 and D11S546: mapping of 11 genes and 3 tumor-associated translocation breakpoints | journal = Genomics | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 35–42 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10843802 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2000.6194 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Koshimizu TA, Fujiwara Y, Sakai N, Shibata K, Tsuchiya H | title = Oxytocin stimulates expression of a noncoding RNA tumor marker in a human neuroblastoma cell line | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 86 | issue = 11–12 | pages = 455–460 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20149803 | doi = 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.001 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Crabtree JS, Weisemann JM, Kester MB, Kim YS, Wang Y, Emmert-Buck MR, Liotta LA, Spiegel AM, Boguski MS, Roe BA, Collins FS, Marx SJ, Burns L, Chandrasekharappa SC | title = A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus | journal = Genome Research | volume = 7 | issue = 7 | pages = 725–735 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9253601 | pmc = 310681 | doi = 10.1101/gr.7.7.725 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA, Blencowe BJ, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV | title = The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 39 | issue = 6 | pages = 925–938 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20797886 | doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.011 | pmc = 4158944 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Kuiper RP, Schepens M, Thijssen J, van Asseldonk M, van den Berg E, Bridge J, Schuuring E, Schoenmakers EF, van Kessel AG | title = Upregulation of the transcription factor TFEB in t(6;11)(p21;q13)-positive renal cell carcinomas due to promoter substitution | journal = Human Molecular Genetics | volume = 12 | issue = 14 | pages = 1661–1669 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12837690 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddg178 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamada K, Kano J, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Okubo C, Ishiyama T, Noguchi M | title = Phenotypic characterization of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus | journal = Cancer Science | volume = 97 | issue = 2 | pages = 106–112 | date = February 2006 | pmid = 16441420 | doi = 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00147.x | s2cid = 25815889 | doi-access = free | pmc = 11158577 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Wilusz JE, Freier SM, Spector DL | title = 3′ end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA | journal = Cell | volume = 135 | issue = 5 | pages = 919–932 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 19041754 | pmc = 2722846 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.012 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Böing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E, Thomas M, Berdel WE, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C | title = MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer | journal = Oncogene | volume = 22 | issue = 39 | pages = 8031–8041 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 12970751 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1206928 | s2cid = 34070842 | doi-access = }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Miyagawa R, Tano K, Mizuno R, Nakamura Y, Ijiri K, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Mayeda A, Hirose T, Akimitsu N | title = Identification of cis- and trans-acting factors involved in the localization of MALAT-1 noncoding RNA to nuclear speckles | journal = RNA | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 738–751 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22355166 | doi = 10.1261/rna.028639.111 | pmc = 3312561 }}
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External links
- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=607924 OMIM page for MALAT1]
- [https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=29665 HGNC page for MALAT1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917153912/https://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=29665 |date=2013-09-17 }}
- {{Rfam|id=RF01871|name=Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1}}
- [https://kb.10xgenomics.com/hc/en-us/articles/360004729092-Why-do-I-see-high-levels-of-Malat1-in-my-gene-expression-data- Relevance of MALAT1 in single-cell RNA sequencing data]