MC-1 bomb
The MC-1 bomb was the first U.S. non-clustered air-dropped chemical munition. The {{convert|750|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} MC-1 was first produced in 1959 and carried the nerve agent sarin.
History
The MC-1 chemical bomb was first brought into regular mass-production in 1959. A modified general purpose demolition bomb, the MC-1 was the first non-clustered chemical munition in the U.S. arsenal.Smart, Jeffery K. [http://www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/published_volumes/chemBio/chembio.html Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826100010/http://www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/published_volumes/chemBio/chembio.html |date=2012-08-26 }}: Chapter 2 - History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective, ([http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/medaspec/Ch-2electrv699.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923191601/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/medaspec/Ch-2electrv699.pdf |date=2015-09-23 }}: p. 59), Borden Institute, Textbooks of Military Medicine, PDF via Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, accessed December 29, 2008. The MC-1 was designed to be delivered via U.S. Air Force aircraft.Mauroni, Albert J. Chemical Demilitarization: Public Policy Aspects, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=50BZvGDS7iQC&dq=Mc-1+bomb&pg=PA18 Google Books]), Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003 pp. 18-19, ({{ISBN|027597796X}}). The MC-1 was never used against enemy targets.
Specifications
The MC-1 was a {{convert|750|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} munition. The weapon had a diameter of {{convert|16|in|cm|0}} and a length of {{convert|50|in|cm|0}}. The MC-1 was filled with about {{convert|220|lb|kg|0}} of sarin (GB) nerve agent. The MC-1 was designed to be air-dropped via the F-4 Phantom II and was unable to fit that aircraft's replacement, the F-16.Duke, Simon (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute). United States Military Forces and Installations in Europe, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=dzKr3mSKyIgC&dq=Mc-1+bomb&pg=PA84 Google Books]), Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. 84-85, ({{ISBN|0198291329}}).
Demilitarization operations
Umatilla Chemical Depot stored about 2,400 MC-1 bombs until the final one was demilitarized and destroyed on June 9, 2006.Hendrickson, Bruce. "[http://www.csepp.net/pressreleases/06Releases/06Jun12_MC1bombs3000EONCPR.pdf Depot and Disposal Facility reach significant milestones] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120043953/http://www.csepp.net/pressreleases/06Releases/06Jun12_MC1bombs3000EONCPR.pdf |date=2008-11-20 }}", (Press release), Umatilla Chemical Depot, U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency, June 12, 2006, accessed December 29, 2008. Another 3,047 MC-1s were stored at Johnston Atoll when demilitarization operations began there in 1990.Cashman, John R. Emergency Response Handbook for Chemical and Biological Agents and Weapons, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=S4PW-5qHUU8C&dq=Mc-1+bomb+sarin&pg=PA107 Google Books]), CRC Press, 2008, pp. 107-08, ({{ISBN|1420052659}}). Those weapons were destroyed during the ensuing decade and operations at Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System ended in 2000."[http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=2760 Chemical Weapons Destruction Complete on Johnston Atoll]", (Press release), U.S. Department of Defense, November 30, 2000, accessed December 29, 2008.
Test involving the MC-1
Tests were conducted using the MC-1 from July-November 1971 at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. The aim of these tests, which were part of Project 112,"[http://fhp.osd.mil/CBexposures/factSheets.jsp Project 112/SHAD Fact Sheets] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220214924/http://fhp.osd.mil/CBexposures/factSheets.jsp |date=2008-12-20 }}", Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, The Chemical-Biological Warfare Exposures Site, accessed December 29, 2008. was twofold. One goal was to determine hazards associated with the accidental release or damage from hostile fire of the MC-1 during takeoff or landing. A second goal was to determine if leak suppressant and disposal procedures for damaged bombs were adequate. For the purpose of the tests the MC-1 was filled with water and a sarin simulant, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The bombs were dropped from an F-4 during the tests."[http://fhp.osd.mil/CBexposures/pdfs/dtc_test_69-14.pdf Fact Sheet — DTC Test 69-14] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805145409/http://fhp.osd.mil/CBexposures/pdfs/dtc_test_69-14.pdf |date=2009-08-05 }}", Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs), Deployment Health Support Directorate, accessed November 12, 2008.