MCC Interim Linux
{{Short description|Linux distribution}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{infobox OS
| developer = Owen Le Blanc
| source_model = Open source
| released = February 1992
| latest_release_version = 2.0+
| latest_release_date = 4 November 1996
| language = Various
| kernel_type = Monolithic (Linux)
| userland = GNU
| ui = Command line interface
| license = Various
| working_state = Historic
| supported_platforms = Intel 386
| updatemodel = None (manual)
| package_manager = None
}}
MCC Interim Linux is a Linux distribution first released in February 1992 by Owen Le Blanc of the Manchester Computing Centre (MCC), part of the University of Manchester. It was the first Linux distribution created for computer users who were not Unix expertsMoody, Glyn (2002) Rebel Code and featured a menu-driven installer that installed both the kernel and a set of end-user and programming tools.
The MCC first made Linux available by anonymous FTP in November 1991.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/MCC-1.0/1.0/documentation/README|title=MCC Interim Linux|accessdate=2 April 2013}} Le Blanc's irritations with his early experiments with Linux, such as the lack of a working fdisk (he would later write one), the need to use multiple FTP repositories to acquire all the essential software, and library version problems, inspired the creation of this distribution.{{ cite web | title = MCC Interim Release | url = http://www.manlug.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=170&Itemid=65 | first = Robin | last = Joinson | accessdate = 2007-07-19 }}
History
Prior to its first release, the closest approximation to a Linux distribution had been H J Lu's "Boot/Root" floppy disk images from early 1992.{{Cite web|url=https://www.maketecheasier.com/history-of-early-linux-distros/|title = History of Early Linux Distros|date = 12 September 2012}} These were two 5¼" diskette images containing the Linux kernel and the minimum tools required to get started. So minimal were these tools that to be able to boot from a hard drive required editing its master boot record with a hex editor.[https://lwn.net/Articles/91371/ A Short History of Linux Distributions by Joe Klemmer [LWN.net]]
The first release of MCC Interim Linux was based on Linux 0.12 and made use of Theodore Ts'o's ramdisk code to copy a small root image to memory, freeing the floppy drive for additional utilities diskettes.
He also stated his distributions were "unofficial experiments", describing the goals of his releases as being:
- To provide a simple installation procedure.
- To provide a more complete installation procedure.
- To provide a backup/recovery service.
- To back up his (then) current system.
- To compile, link, and test every binary file under the current versions of the kernel, gcc, and libraries.
- To provide a stable base system, which can be installed in a short time, and to which other software can be added with relatively little effort.
Indeed, no attempt was ever made to distribute it with a wide range of software or even the X386 windowing system.
Successors
Soon after the first release came other distributions such as TAMU, created by individuals at Texas A&M University, Martin Junius's MJ{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}, Softlanding Linux System and H J Lu's Linux Base System. These in turn were quickly superseded by Slackware and Debian, the oldest surviving distributions, as well as Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux.
The 1.0 distribution of MCC Interim pointed out that Debian was "five times the size of MCC, and quite comprehensive", and the final distribution encouraged users to switch to Debian by providing transitional support.{{Cite web |title=Debian.README |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/2.0+/debian/Debian.README |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 2.0+}}
Included software
=Version 0.95c+=
=Version 0.99.p8=
Released on 14 April 1993.{{Cite web |title=Changelog |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/0.99p8/Changelog |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 0.99p8}} Added to version 0.95c+ were bison, flex, gdb, gprof, groff, gzip{{Cite web |title=Acknowledgements |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/0.99p8/Acknowledgements |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 0.99p8}} and man.{{Cite web |title=README.package |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/0.99p8/README.package |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 0.99p8}}
=Version 0.99.p8+=
Released on 26 April 1993.{{Cite web |title=Changelog |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/0.99.p8+/Changelog |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 0.99.p8+}} Added to version 0.99.p8 were emacs and info.{{Cite web |title=README.ftp |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/0.99.p8+/README.ftp |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 0.99.p8+}}
=Version 1.0+=
Added to version 0.99.p8+ were elm,{{Cite web |title=Origins |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/1.0+/documentation/Origins |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 1.0+}} lp, mail, progman, timezone and words{{Cite web |title=README.ftp |url=http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/old/1.0+/documentation/README.ftp |website=Manchester Computing Centre, 1.0+}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Portal|Free Software}}
- [http://debian.mcc.ac.uk/non-debian/mcc-interim/ MCC's site] featuring versions 0.97-p2-12 to 2.0+
- [http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/oldlinux/Linux.old/distributions/MCC/ MCC] at Princeton University
- [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/historic-linux/distributions/MCC-1.0/ MCC Interim Linux] at ibiblio
{{GNU/Linux distributions}}
Category:Discontinued Linux distributions
Category:Science and technology in Greater Manchester