MV Monte Penedo

{{lang|de|Howaldtswerke|italic=no}} built the ship as yard number 546. She was launched on 7 February 1912, and completed on 12 August.{{harvnb|Cooper|Kludas|Pein|1989|p=63}} Her lengths were {{cvt|364|ft|0|in|1|abbr=on}} overall{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1957|loc=Asahi Maru No. 2}} and {{cvt|350.7|ft|abbr=on}} registered. Her beam was {{cvt|50.1|ft|abbr=on}}; her depth was {{cvt|23.7|ft|abbr=on}}; and her summer draught was {{cvt|23|ft|0|in|abbr=on|2}}. Her tonnages were {{GRT|3693}}; {{NRT|2312}};{{harvnb|Lloyd's Register 1914|loc=MON}} and {{DWT|6324}}.

{{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}}{{'}}s hull dimensions were almost exactly the same as those of a class of four cargo single-screw steamships that Neptun Werft and Bremer Vulkan had built for {{lang|de|Hamburg Süd|italic=no}} between 1908 and 1911: {{lang|es|Santa Barbara}}; {{lang|es|Santa Ursula}}; {{lang|es|Santa Anna}}; and {{lang|es|Santa Theresa}}.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1912|loc=SAN}} However, these four had a conventional steamship layout, with an engine room; single superstructure; and funnel all positioned amidships.{{sfn|Cooper|Kludas|Pein|1989|pp=59–60}}

{{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}}{{'}}s engine room was aft, and she had two superstructures: one amidships, which included her bridge; and the other aft, above her engine room. She had a funnel like that of a steamship. Some other early motor ships, such as the Danish {{MS|Selandia||2}} and Fionia, had only an exhaust pipe, or a cluster of exhaust pipes.

{{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}} also differed from the {{lang|es|Santa Barbara}}-class steamships by having twin screws. {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} supplied a pair of four-cylinder crosshead single-acting two-stroke diesel engines, of either type 4S47 or type 4SNo.9a.{{cite web |title=MV Monte Penedo later renamed Sabara & Ascanio Coelho 1912 – 1969 |website=derbysulzers |date=15 October 2010 |access-date=13 May 2025 |url= https://www.derbysulzers.com/shipmontepenedo.html}} Each engine was rated at either 800 or 850 bhp at 160 revolutions per minute (rpm). They gave her a speed of {{convert|10|kn|km/h|0}}.

{{lang|de|Hamburg Süd|italic=no}} registered {{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}} in Hamburg. Her code letters were RSKD. She was equipped with wireless telegraphy.

File:Sulzer 4SNo9A-MV Monte Penedo.JPG two-stroke diesel engines]]

{{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}} left Hamburg on 31 August 1912. She called at Lisbon in Portugal, where she left on 6 September. She then voyaged non-stop to Paranaguá in Brazil, where she arrived on 26 September. From there she continued to Buenos Aires in Argentina, where cracks were found in several pistons of her main engines.{{sfn|Sulzer|1913|p=222}}

The engines were overhauled, and {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} replaced all eight pistons with new ones of improved design. For her return voyage, she loaded at various ports of the Río de la Plata. She completed loading at Rosario, whence she returned to Europe. She returned to Hamburg on 1 March 1913, where her engines were stripped and inspected. {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} claimed that they were found to be in "excellent condition"; "clean and bright"; and "without showing the slightest appreciable wear and tear". This is supported by the fact that {{lang|de|Hamburg Süd|italic=no}} scheduled her to start her next voyage on 20 March.{{sfn|Sulzer|1913|p=222}}

{{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}}{{'}}s fuel consumption averaged 7,200 Kg in 24 hours, or 151 grams per indicated horsepower-hour. Her consumption of lubricating oil, including her auxiliary equipment; steering engine; and so on, was 2.8 grams per indicated horsepower-hour. {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} was pleased with the performance of the governors of her engines. In a heavy sea, when her propellers were out of the water from time to time, her engine speed increased by only 10 to 12 rpm.{{sfn|Sulzer|1913|p=222}} Compared with an equivalent steamship, {{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}} required ten fewer crew members.{{sfn|Supino|1915|p=15}}

When the First World War began, in August 1914, {{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}} sought refuge in a port in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, to avoid Entente naval patrols. In February 1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. That April and May, German U-boats sank three Brazilian steamships. On 9 April, Brazil terminated diplomatic relations with Germany; placed armed guards on German ships in Brazilian ports; and removed "essential machinery". On 2 June, Brazil seized 46 German merchant ships that were sheltering in Brazilian ports,{{cite news |title=Brazil takes over ships. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 June 1917 |page=3 |access-date=13 May 2025 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/06/03/98250815.html?pageNumber=3}} including {{lang|pt|Monte Penedo}}. She was renamed {{lang|pt|Sabará}}; after the city of Sabará in Minas Gerais; and was registered in Rio de Janeiro.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1919|loc=S.–SAB}}

File:Sabara ex Monte Penedo.jpg

The Government of France chartered her from 1919 to 1922.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1921|loc=S.–SAB}} {{lang|pt|Companhia de Navegação Lloyd Brasileiro|italic=no}} was managing her by 1923,{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1923|loc=S.–SAB}} and owned her by 1927.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1927|loc=S.–SAB}} By 1934, her four-letter call sign was PUCD, and this had superseded her code letters.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1934|loc=SAB–SAC}}

In 1948, {{lang|pt|Sabará}} was renamed {{lang|pt|Ascanio Coelho}}.{{sfn|Lloyd's Register 1948|loc=ASC–ASH}} In 1949, her original four-cylinder engines were replaced with a pair of seven-cylinder engines that {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} had built in 1943. They may have been type 7TS36. Each was rated at 1,050 {{lang|de|Sulzer|italic=no}} at 250 rpm.

In 1969, {{lang|pt|Lloyd Brasileiro|italic=no}} sold {{lang|pt|Ascanio Coelho}} for scrap. She was broken up in {{lang|pt|Rio de Janeiro|italic=no}}, starting that December.

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=James |last2=Kludas |first2=Arnold |last3=Pein |first3=Joachim |year=1989 |title=The Hamburg South America Line |place=Kendal |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-50-9}}
• {{cite book |year=1912 |title=Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1913ST/page/n948/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1912}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1914 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1915ST/page/n735/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1914}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1919 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1920ST/page/n914/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1919}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1921 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1922ST/page/n1079/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1921}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1923 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motor Vessels |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1924ST/page/n1000/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1923}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1927 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motorships |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1928ST/page/n999/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1927}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1934 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 tons gross and over |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Southampton City Council |url= https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0725.pdf |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1934}} }}
• {{cite book |year=1948 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=I. A–L |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1949AL/page/n143/mode/1up |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1948}} }}
• {{cite journal |date=October 1912 |title=Twin-Screw Motor Ship "Monte Penedo" |journal=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect |pages=72–76 |via=Martin's Marine Engineering Page |url= https://www.dieselduck.info/historical/03%20drawings/MS%20Monte%20Penedo.pdf}}
• {{cite book |year=1957 |title=Register Book |volume=Register of Ships |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |url= |ref={{harvid|Lloyd's Register 1957}} }}
• {{cite journal |last=Sulzer |first=Gebrüder |author-link=Sulzer (manufacturer) |date=May 1913 |title=Motor Ship Monte Penedo |journal=International Marine Engineering |volume=XVIII |issue=5 |page=222 |place=New York City |publisher=Aldrich Publishing Co |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/marine-engineering_1913-05/page/222/mode/1up}}
• {{cite book |last=Supino |first=Giorgio |year=1915 |title=Land and Marine Diesel Engines |place=London |publisher=Charles Griffin & Co |via=Internet Archive |url= https://archive.org/details/landmarinediesel00supi/page/n5/mode/2up}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monte Penedo}}

Category:1912 ships

Category:Cargo ships of Brazil

Category:Cargo ships of Germany

Category:Ships built in Kiel

Category:World War I ships of Brazil

Category:World War I ships of Germany

Category:World War II merchant ships of Brazil