MX1

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G | title = Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense | journal = Biochimie | volume = 89 | issue = 6–7 | pages = 812–818 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17570575 | doi = 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.015 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MX1 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse) | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4599 }}

In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the human orthologue MxA is a major host determinant for influenza viruses of animal origin.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ciminski K, Chase G, Beer M, Schwemmle M | title = Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants | journal = Trends in Molecular Medicine | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 104–112 | date = Feb 2021 | pmid = 33097424 | doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014 | s2cid = 225058479 }} The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse protein as determined by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis. This cytoplasmic protein is a member of both the dynamin superfamily and the family of large GTPases.

References

{{cite journal | vauthors = Pavlovic J, Haller O, Staeheli P | title = Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 66 | issue = 4 | pages = 2564–2569 | date = Apr 1992 | pmid = 1548781 | pmc = 289059 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.66.4.2564-2569.1992 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Horisberger MA | title = Interferon-induced human protein MxA is a GTPase which binds transiently to cellular proteins | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 66 | issue = 8 | pages = 4705–4709 | date = Aug 1992 | pmid = 1629950 | pmc = 241296 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.66.8.4705-4709.1992 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Petersen MB, Slaugenhaupt SA, Lewis JG, Warren AC, Chakravarti A, Antonarakis SE | title = A genetic linkage map of 27 markers on human chromosome 21 | journal = Genomics | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 407–419 | date = Mar 1991 | pmid = 1674496 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90406-5 | doi-access = free }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Horisberger MA, McMaster GK, Zeller H, Wathelet MG, Dellis J, Content J | title = Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs for interferon- and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 64 | issue = 3 | pages = 1171–1181 | date = Mar 1990 | pmid = 2154602 | pmc = 249231 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.64.3.1171-1181.1990 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Pavlovic J, Zürcher T, Haller O, Staeheli P | title = Resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human MxA protein | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 64 | issue = 7 | pages = 3370–3375 | date = Jul 1990 | pmid = 2161946 | pmc = 249583 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.64.7.3370-3375.1990 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Aebi M, Fäh J, Hurt N, etal | title = cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 9 | issue = 11 | pages = 5062–5072 | date = Nov 1989 | pmid = 2481229 | pmc = 363658 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.9.11.5062 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Weitz G, Bekisz J, Zoon K, Arnheiter H | title = Purification and characterization of a human Mx protein | journal = Journal of Interferon Research | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 679–689 | date = Dec 1989 | pmid = 2607176 | doi = 10.1089/jir.1989.9.679 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Maruyama K, Sugano S | title = Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides | journal = Gene | volume = 138 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 171–174 | date = Jan 1994 | pmid = 8125298 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Melen K, Keskinen P, Ronni T, Sareneva T, Lounatmaa K, Julkunen I | title = Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope | journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 38 | pages = 23478–23486 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8798556 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.38.23478 | doi-access = free }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Ponten A, Sick C, Weeber M, Haller O, Kochs G | title = Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 71 | issue = 4 | pages = 2591–2599 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9060610 | pmc = 191379 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.71.4.2591-2599.1997 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Fernández M, Quiroga JA, Martín J, etal | title = Impaired interferon induction of human MxA protein in chronic hepatitis B virus infection | journal = Journal of Medical Virology | volume = 51 | issue = 4 | pages = 332–337 | date = Apr 1997 | pmid = 9093949 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<332::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-K | s2cid = 12578068 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S | title = Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library | journal = Gene | volume = 200 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 149–156 | date = Oct 1997 | pmid = 9373149 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Li Y, Youssoufian H | title = MxA overexpression reveals a common genetic link in four Fanconi anemia complementation groups | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 100 | issue = 11 | pages = 2873–2880 | date = Dec 1997 | pmid = 9389754 | pmc = 508494 | doi = 10.1172/JCI119836 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Kochs G, Trost M, Janzen C, Haller O | title = MxA GTPase: oligomerization and GTP-dependent interaction with viral RNP target structures | journal = Methods | location = San Diego, Calif. | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 255–263 | date = Jul 1998 | pmid = 9735310 | doi = 10.1006/meth.1998.0629 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Weber F, Haller O, Kochs G | title = MxA GTPase blocks reporter gene expression of reconstituted Thogoto virus ribonucleoprotein complexes | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 560–563 | date = Jan 2000 | pmid = 10590150 | pmc = 111572 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.74.1.560-563.2000 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Hijikata M, Ohta Y, Mishiro S | title = Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MxA gene promoter (G/T at nt -88) correlated with the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon | journal = Intervirology | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 124–127 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10971132 | doi = 10.1159/000025035 | s2cid = 19445539 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Engelhardt OG, Ullrich E, Kochs G, Haller O | title = Interferon-induced antiviral Mx1 GTPase is associated with components of the SUMO-1 system and promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 271 | issue = 2 | pages = 286–295 | date = Dec 2001 | pmid = 11716541 | doi = 10.1006/excr.2001.5380 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Hijikata M, Mishiro S, Miyamoto C, Furuichi Y, Hashimoto M, Ohta Y | title = Genetic polymorphism of the MxA gene promoter and interferon responsiveness of hepatitis C patients: revisited by analyzing two SNP sites (-123 and -88) in vivo and in vitro | journal = Intervirology | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 379–382 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11805446 | doi = 10.1159/000050075 | s2cid = 46752867 }}
{{cite journal | vauthors = Kochs G, Haener M, Aebi U, Haller O | title = Self-assembly of human MxA GTPase into highly ordered dynamin-like oligomers | journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 16 | pages = 14172–14176 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11847228 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M200244200 | doi-access = free }}

MX1

References

Further reading