Ma'ruf Amin

File:Ma'ruf Amin, Buku Kenangan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 1999-2004, p749.jpg in 1999]]

Ma'ruf Amin was born during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies to Mohamad Amin and Maimunah. He first went to primary school in the kecamatan of Kresek. He continued his studies at Pesantren Tebuireng in Jombang, East Java, an influential Islamic boarding school established by NU founder Hasyim Asy'ari. Later, he received a bachelor's degree in Islamic philosophy from Ibnu Khaldun University in Bogor, West Java.{{cite news |title=Ini Profil Ma'ruf Amin, Cawapres Jokowi |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/08/09/18551651/ini-profil-maruf-amin-cawapres-jokowi |author=Diamanty Meiliana |editor=Diamanty Meiliana |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=Kompas.com |date=9 August 2018 |language=id |archive-date=20 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220180015/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/08/09/18551651/ini-profil-maruf-amin-cawapres-jokowi |url-status=live }}

Shortly after graduating from college, Ma'ruf carried out dakwah missions in Jakarta. At that time, NU was still an active political party and Ma'ruf was elected to the Indonesian parliament, the People's Representative Council (or DPR, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) in the national election held in 1971. Six years later, in 1977, he was elected to the Jakarta City Council as a member of the United Development Party (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan or PPP) for one term (1977–1982) and served as leader of the PPP caucus. At the end of his term, Ma'ruf returned to academia and social activism. In 1989, he was appointed as a katib 'aam, a senior position within NU's syuriah, its supreme governing council. He then rose to be one of the rais, a leader, overseeing the executive leadership of Abdurrahman Wahid.

Following the fall of Suharto in 1998, Ma'ruf became an advisor to Wahid's National Awakening Party (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, or PKB) and advised Wahid throughout the period of his presidency of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001.{{cite news |last1=Agustiar |first1=Dwi |title=Jadi Cawapres Jokowi, PBNU: Ma'ruf Amin Sudah NU Bahkan Sebelum Lahir |url=https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/dwi-agustiar/jadi-cawapres-jokowi-pbnu-maruf-amin-sudah-nu-bahkan-sebelum-lahir/full |access-date=10 August 2018 |work=IDN Times |date=9 August 2018 |language=id |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810042313/https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/dwi-agustiar/jadi-cawapres-jokowi-pbnu-maruf-amin-sudah-nu-bahkan-sebelum-lahir/full |url-status=live }} Ma'ruf returned to active politics and represented the PKB in the national DPR from 1999 to 2004. During this second term in the DPR, Ma'ruf was chair of the Fourth Commission (agriculture, food, and maritime affairs) as well as member of the Second Commission (government affairs and regional autonomy) and Budgetary Board.{{cite news |title=Profil Maruf Amin |url=https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/234-maruf-amin |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=VIVA |date=22 November 2016 |language=id |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307231714/https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/234-maruf-amin |url-status=live }}

While a member of the DPR during 1999–2004, Ma'ruf chaired the Ulema Council's committee in charge of issuing legal opinions (fatwa). He did not seek re-election to the DPR in 2004 and returned to the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to chair its National Sharia Committee (acting from 2004 to 2010). He also served as an advisor to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in his Presidential Advisory Council from 2007 to 2014.{{cite news |title=Presiden lantik anggota Wantimpres |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2010/01/100125_watimpres |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=BBC News Indonesia |date=25 January 2010 |language=id |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810082515/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2010/01/100125_watimpres |url-status=live }}

In 2015, Ma'ruf ran for the position of rais 'aam syuriah of the NU, equivalent to chair of the supreme governing council. He finished in second place after the incumbent Ahmad Mustofa Bisri from Rembang's Pesantren Raudlatuth Thalibin. In a significant development, Bisri withdrew his name from the race, and Ma'ruf was then elected to the position by NU's 33rd Congress.{{cite web |last1=Saat |first1=Norshahril |title=Perspective: Nahdlatul Ulama's 33rd Congress: Ma'ruf Amin's Rise and its Impact on Indonesia's Traditionalist Islam |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2015_48.pdf |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |access-date=10 August 2018 |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810042628/https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2015_48.pdf |url-status=live }}

File:Mahathir Mohamad and Ma'ruf Amin (1).jpg Mahathir Mohamad (right) in Kuala Lumpur]]

Several weeks after his ascendancy to NU's highest post, Ma'ruf was elected to be the chair of MUI, succeeding Muhammadiyah's Din Syamsuddin on 27 August 2015.{{cite news |title=Jadi Ketua Umum MUI, Ini Pekerjaan Rumah Ma'ruf Amin |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/695455/jadi-ketua-umum-mui-ini-pekerjaan-rumah-maruf-amin |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=Tempo |date=27 August 2015 |language=id |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421114909/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/695455/jadi-ketua-umum-mui-ini-pekerjaan-rumah-maruf-amin |url-status=live }}

{{further|Joko Widodo 2019 presidential campaign}}

President Joko Widodo announced that he would run for re-election in the 2019 presidential election. His vice president Jusuf Kalla was not eligible for another term because of the term limits set for the positions of president and vice president. (Jusuf Kalla had already served a five-year term as vice president under Yudhoyono from 2004 to 2009.) Speculation as to who Jokowi might select as his running mate focused on several candidates including Mahfud MD, a former defence minister and chief justice of the Constitutional Court.

On 9 August, in a surprise move, Widodo announced that Ma'ruf would be his running mate. Mahfud had been reported to be preparing himself to become Jokowi's vice-presidential candidate but, following a push by several constituent parties of Widodo's governing coalition and influential Islamic figures, Ma'ruf was selected instead.Marguerite Apra Sapiie, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/jokowi-may-pick-mahfud-md-as-running-mate.html Jokowi may pick Mahfud MD as running mate'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810042622/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/jokowi-may-pick-mahfud-md-as-running-mate.html |date=10 August 2018 }}, The Jakarta Post, 9 August 2018. Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience in government and religious affairs.Sita W. Dewi, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/who-is-maruf-amin-jokowis-running-mate.html Who is Ma'ruf Amin, Jokowi's running mate?'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809205540/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/who-is-maruf-amin-jokowis-running-mate.html |date=9 August 2018 }}, The Jakarta Post, 9 August 2018.

The General Elections Commission announced Widodo and Ma'ruf's victory, with the pair securing 55.5 percent of the votes, on 21 May 2019, though Ma'ruf's status as vice-president-elect was pending any lawsuits to the Constitutional Court.{{cite news |last1=Ghaliya |first1=Ghina |title=KPU names Jokowi winner of election |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/21/kpu-names-jokowi-winner-of-election.html |access-date=21 May 2019 |work=The Jakarta Post |date=21 May 2019 |archive-date=21 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521110311/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/05/21/kpu-names-jokowi-winner-of-election.html |url-status=live }}

{{expand section|date=May 2024}}

Ma'ruf was sworn in as vice president on 20 October 2019. Aged 76 years and 223 days when inaugurated, he is the oldest-ever Indonesian vice president to be sworn in. During his Vice Presidency, Ma'ruf is known to be working on issues such as halal economy and its industry, eradication of stunting with the policy coordination of this issue is also overseen by the Vice President Secretariat, religious affairs, and was active in visiting several provinces across Indonesia.

As MUI chair, Ma'ruf gave his support to regulations prohibiting pornography and supported a decree banning Ahmadiya activities. In addition, Ma'ruf "regretted" the Constitutional Court's ruling to reject a proposed ban on sexual activities of homosexuals in 2017, instead wanting "stern regulations".{{cite news |last1=Dewi |first1=Sita W. |title=Who is Ma'ruf Amin, Jokowi's running mate? |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/who-is-maruf-amin-jokowis-running-mate.html |access-date=10 August 2018 |work=The Jakarta Post |date=9 August 2018 |archive-date=9 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809205540/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/09/who-is-maruf-amin-jokowis-running-mate.html |url-status=live }}

In 2012, Ma'ruf also issued a recommendation that Muslims not say Merry Christmas, citing the controversy associated with the saying.{{cite news |title=MUI: Umat Islam Tidak Usah Ucapkan Selamat Natal |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/449329/mui-umat-islam-tidak-usah-ucapkan-selamat-natal/full&view=ok |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=Tempo |date=20 December 2012 |language=id}} However, in 2018, he noted that there was never an explicit ban of saying Christmas greetings issued by MUI, after a video of him saying Merry Christmas circulated.{{cite news |title=Ma'ruf Amin: Tak Ada Larangan Mengucapkan Selamat Natal |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1159655/maruf-amin-tak-ada-larangan-mengucapkan-selamat-natal |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=Tempo |date=28 December 2018 |language=id |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421115433/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1159655/maruf-amin-tak-ada-larangan-mengucapkan-selamat-natal |url-status=live }} Ma'ruf similarly supported prohibiting Valentine's Day, claiming that its celebration would "only cause a fuss and destroy norms and morality", though he does not believe that every region in Indonesia must ban it.{{Cite web |date=2018-02-14 |title=Valentine Day worthless: MUI - The Jakarta Post |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/02/14/valentine-day-worthless-mui.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-04-14 |website=The Jakarta Post |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414192324/https://www.thejakartapost.com/amp/news/2018/02/14/valentine-day-worthless-mui.html }}

On Islamic terrorism, Ma'ruf stated that suicide bombers are not martyrs (shahid), and that the present time is the era for intellectual instead of physical warfare.{{cite news |title=MUI: Pelaku Bom Bunuh Diri Tidak Akan Mati Syahid |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2016/10/11/mui-pelaku-bom-bunuh-diri-tidak-akan-mati-syahid |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=Tribunnews.com |date=11 October 2016 |language=id-ID |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421115937/http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2016/10/11/mui-pelaku-bom-bunuh-diri-tidak-akan-mati-syahid |url-status=live }} During the debates for the 2019 presidential election, he emphasized the importance of deradicalization in counterterrorism.{{cite news |last1=Andayani |first1=Dwi |title=4 Kali Ma'ruf Amin Bicara di Debat: Soal Disabilitas hingga Terorisme |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4389877/4-kali-maruf-amin-bicara-di-debat-soal-disabilitas-hingga-terorisme |access-date=21 April 2019 |work=detiknews |date=18 January 2019 |language=id |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421115937/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4389877/4-kali-maruf-amin-bicara-di-debat-soal-disabilitas-hingga-terorisme |url-status=live }}

In June 2022, Ma'ruf recommended the Indonesian Ulema Council to issue a fatwa which would permit the use of cannabis for medical purposes.{{cite news |title=MUI Kaji Fatwa Ganja Medis Usai Diminta Ma'ruf Amin |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1607152/mui-kaji-fatwa-ganja-medis-usai-diminta-maruf-amin |access-date=1 July 2022 |work=Tempo |date=30 June 2022 |language=id}}

Ma'ruf was embroiled in part of the controversy surrounding the contentious Jakarta gubernatorial election in 2017. The then-Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, widely known as "Ahok", became the target of numerous protests in Jakarta in November 2016. In response, Ahok alleged that Ma'ruf had taken sides in the election due to a phone call with former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, whose son Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono was running against Ahok in the election.John McBeth, [http://www.thenational.ae/world/southeast-asia/jakarta-heads-for-run-off-as-election-tests-indonesias-religious-tolerance Jakarta heads for run-off as election tests Indonesia’s religious tolerance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216084540/http://www.thenational.ae/world/southeast-asia/jakarta-heads-for-run-off-as-election-tests-indonesias-religious-tolerance |date=16 February 2017 }}. The National, 15 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.Marguerite Afra Sapiie, Haeril Halim and Margareth S. Aritonang, [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/02/16/palace-calls-on-sby-to-leave-jokowi-out-of-antasari-spat.html Palace calls on SBY to leave Jokowi out of Antasari spat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216015403/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/02/16/palace-calls-on-sby-to-leave-jokowi-out-of-antasari-spat.html |date=16 February 2017 }}. Jakarta Post, 16 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.[http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/109216/nahdlatul-ulama-supports-maruf-amin-in-dispute-with-ahok-pkb Nahdlatul Ulama supports Ma`ruf Amin in dispute with Ahok: PKB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216141732/http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/109216/nahdlatul-ulama-supports-maruf-amin-in-dispute-with-ahok-pkb |date=16 February 2017 }}. Antara, 2 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Ahok later apologized to Ma'ruf via social media for any implication that Ma'ruf had been influenced by political pressure.Winda A. Charmila, [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/02/01/ahok-apologizes-to-mui-chairman-maruf-amin.html Ahok apologizes to MUI chairman Ma’ruf Amin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216134125/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/02/01/ahok-apologizes-to-mui-chairman-maruf-amin.html |date=16 February 2017 }}. Jakarta Post, 1 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.[https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/02/06/055843418/Ahok-Apologizes-to-Maruf-Amin-Through-Mass-Media Ahok Apologizes to Ma`ruf Amin Through Mass Media] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216134712/https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/02/06/055843418/Ahok-Apologizes-to-Maruf-Amin-Through-Mass-Media |date=16 February 2017 }}. Tempo, 6 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.

Ma'ruf accepted Ahok's apology, saying that the matter was resolved.[https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/02/03/055842538/MUI-Chairman-Maruf-Amin-Accepts-Ahoks-Apology MUI Chairman Ma`ruf Amin Accepts Ahok`s Apology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216131358/https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/02/03/055842538/MUI-Chairman-Maruf-Amin-Accepts-Ahoks-Apology |date=16 February 2017 }}. Tempo, 3 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Despite Ma'ruf's willingness to let the matter rest, an organization known as the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs reported Ahok to the criminal investigation unit of the Indonesian National Police for allegedly having harassed Ma'ruf and wiretapped his phone conversations with former President Yudhoyono[http://www.en.netralnews.com/news/currentnews/read/1176/considered.having.insulted.ma...ruf.amin..ahok.reported.to.bareskrim Considered Having Insulted Ma’ruf Amin, Ahok Reported to Bareskrim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216125750/http://www.en.netralnews.com/news/currentnews/read/1176/considered.having.insulted.ma...ruf.amin..ahok.reported.to.bareskrim |date=16 February 2017 }}. Netral News, 6 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. despite previous denials by Ahok's legal team of the latter act.Erwin C. Sihombing, [http://jakartaglobe.id/news/dont-yudhoyono-maruf-phone-call-transcript-says-ahoks-lawyer/ 'We Don't Have Yudhoyono-Ma'ruf Phone Call Transcript,' Says Ahok's Lawyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216135753/http://jakartaglobe.id/news/dont-yudhoyono-maruf-phone-call-transcript-says-ahoks-lawyer/ |date=16 February 2017 }}. Jakarta Globe, 2 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017.

In a separate interview, conducted after his selection as a vice-presidential candidate, Ma'ruf stated that he regretted testifying against Ahok and added that he was "forced" to do so because he is enforcing the law.{{cite news |title=Ma'ruf Amin says he regrets testifying against Ahok |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/06/maruf-amin-says-he-regrets-testifying-against-ahok.html |access-date=18 January 2019 |work=The Jakarta Post |date=6 January 2019 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121643/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/06/maruf-amin-says-he-regrets-testifying-against-ahok.html |url-status=live }}

File:Ma'ruf Amin and Wife, Buku Kenangan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 1999-2004, p750.jpg

Ma'ruf's first wife, Siti Churiyah, died on 22 October 2013 at the age of 67.{{cite news |title=Ketua MUI Seakan Ada 'Feeling' Istri Akan Tutup Usia |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/13/10/22/mv20qb-ketua-mui-seakan-ada-feeling-istri-akan-tutup-usia |access-date=10 August 2018 |work=Republika |date=22 October 2013 |language=id |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810042022/https://republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/13/10/22/mv20qb-ketua-mui-seakan-ada-feeling-istri-akan-tutup-usia |url-status=live }} From the 49-year marriage, they had nine children and 13 grandchildren. Seven months later, on 31 May 2014, he married Wury Estu Handayani who had been a widow for around two years. They were married in a private ceremony at the well-known Sunda Kelapa Mosque in Menteng, Central Jakarta.{{cite news |title=Kisah Pertemuan KH Ma'ruf Amin dan Istrinya |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/2596086/kisah-pertemuan-kh-maruf-amin-dan-istrinya |access-date=10 August 2018 |work=Detik.com |date=31 May 2014 |language=id |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810042551/https://news.detik.com/berita/2596086/kisah-pertemuan-kh-maruf-amin-dan-istrinya |url-status=live }}

Ma'ruf is a fan of association football. He previously supported Manchester United, but after a few years of poor performances by the club, Ma'ruf switched his allegiance to its archrival Liverpool in 2019.{{cite news |title=MU Terpuruk, Ma'ruf Amin Sekarang Dukung Liverpool |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4091073/mu-terpuruk-maruf-amin-sekarang-dukung-liverpool |access-date=19 January 2020 |work=Liputan6.com |date=21 October 2019 |language=id |archive-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210035958/https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/4091073/mu-terpuruk-maruf-amin-sekarang-dukung-liverpool |url-status=live }}

As the vice president of Indonesia, Ma'ruf is automatically bestowed the highest class of six out of seven civilian Star Decorations ({{langx|id|Tanda Kehormatan Bintang}}), namely:{{cite web|title=Tanda Kehormatan yang dimiliki Presiden|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/muspres/tanda-kehormatan-yang-dimiliki-presiden/|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|language=id|access-date=23 August 2019|date=10 May 2019|archive-date=23 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823105907/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/muspres/tanda-kehormatan-yang-dimiliki-presiden/|url-status=live}}

• 50px Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 2nd Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipradana}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Mahaputera, 1st Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Mahaputera, 2nd Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana}}; 13 August 2014){{Cite web|title=Nama-Nama Penerima Tanda Kehormatan Republik Indonesia Dalam Rangka HUT ke-69 Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia di Istana Negara Tanggal 13 Agustus 2014|url=https://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/document/20180910/0458tk_hut_ri_2014.pdf|publisher=Ministry of the State Secretariat|access-date=15 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214225916/https://cdn.setneg.go.id/_multimedia/document/20180910/0458tk_hut_ri_2014.pdf|url-status=live}}
• 50px Star of Service, 1st Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Jasa Utama}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Humanity ({{langx|id|Bintang Kemanusiaan}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Democracy Upholder, 1st Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Penegak Demokrasi Utama}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Culture Parama Dharma ({{langx|id|Bintang Budaya Parama Dharma}}; 22 October 2019)
• 50px Star of Bhayangkara, 1st Class ({{langx|id|Bintang Bhayangkara Utama}}; 2019)

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