Ma mère l'Oye

Ravel originally wrote Ma mère l'Oye as a piano duet for the Godebski children, Mimi and Jean, ages 6 and 7. Ravel dedicated this work for four hands to the children (just as he had dedicated an earlier work, Sonatine, to their parents). Jeanne Leleu (age 11) and Geneviève Durony (age 14{{cite web |author1=I Llewelyn-Jones |title=Studies in Pianistic Sonority, Nuance and Expression |url=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/100830/12/2016llewelyn-jonesiphd%2520DPR.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiBv7j636eKAxUpQUEAHSlQAX0QFnoECCsQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3Ad9vK-0dgZ0c1GIYWMjfU |website=orca.cardiff.ac.uk |access-date=14 December 2024 |date=2016}} (10 by another source{{cite web |title=Ravel's Laideronnette, Impératrice des Pagodes: Refined Exoticism |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/beauty-and-innovation-in-la-machine-chinoise/ravels-laideronnette-imperatrice-des-pagodes-refined-exoticism/E6E78974128924C7CAD9FB064C6CFD09 |website=Beauty and Innovation in la machine chinoise: Falla, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |access-date=14 December 2024 |pages=167–194 |date=2018 |quote=Note this source gives Leleu's age at the time as 6}})) premiered the work at the first concert of the Société musicale indépendante on 20 April 1910.{{cite web|url=https://www.maurice-ravel.net/leleu.htm|title=Maurice Ravel Frontispice - Jeanne Leleu|publisher=maurice-ravel.net|accessdate=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331193417/http://maurice-ravel.net/leleu.htm|archive-date=31 March 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

The piece was transcribed for solo piano by Ravel's friend Jacques Charlot the same year as it was published (1910); the first movement of Ravel's Le tombeau de Couperin was dedicated to Charlot's memory after his death in World War I.{{cite web|url=https://www.maurice-ravel.net/charlot.htm|title=Maurice Ravel Frontispice - Jacques Charlot|publisher=maurice-ravel.net|accessdate=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222162124/https://www.maurice-ravel.net/charlot.htm|archive-date=22 December 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

Both piano versions bear the subtitle "cinq pièces enfantines" (five children's pieces). The five pieces are:{{Listen|type=music|filename=Ravel Duo Campion-Vachon Ma Mere l'oye 1 Pavane de la Belle au bois dormant.OGG|title=Pavane de la Belle au bois dormant (1:38)|description=Piano duet performed in 1992 by le Duo Campion/Vachon}}

1. Pavane de la Belle au bois dormant: Lent (Pavane of Sleeping Beauty)
2. Petit Poucet: Très modéré (Little Tom Thumb / Hop-o'-My-Thumb)
3. Laideronnette, impératrice des pagodes: Mouvt de marche (Little Ugly Girl, Empress of the Pagodas)
4. Les entretiens de la belle et de la bête: Mouvt de valse très modéré (Conversation of Beauty and the Beast)
5. Le jardin féerique: Lent et grave (The Fairy Garden)

Sleeping Beauty and Little Tom Thumb are based on the tales of Charles Perrault, while Little Ugly Girl, Empress of the Pagodas is inspired by a tale (The Green Serpent) by Perrault's "rival" Madame d'Aulnoy. Beauty and the Beast is based upon the version by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. The origin of The Fairy Garden is not entirely known, although the ballet version interprets this as Sleeping Beauty being awakened in the garden by her prince.{{cite web|url=http://genedelisa.com/2010/01/ravel-mother-goose-suite/|title=Ravel : Ma Mère l'Oye|publisher=genedelisa.com|accessdate=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115091253/http://genedelisa.com/2010/01/ravel-mother-goose-suite/|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=dead}}

On several of the scores, Ravel included quotes to indicate clearly what he is trying to invoke. For example, for the second piece, he writes:

{{quote|Il croyait trouver aisément son chemin par le moyen de son pain qu'il avait semé partout où il avait passé; mais il fut bien surpris lorsqu'il ne put retrouver une seule miette: les oiseaux étaient venus qui avaient tout mangé.

He believed he'd easily find his way because of the bread that he'd strewn all along his path; but he was very surprised to find not a single crumb: the birds had come and eaten everything.|author=Charles Perrault|source=}}

In 1911, Ravel orchestrated the five-piece suite. This form is the most frequently heard today.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

Later the same year, he also expanded it into a ballet, separating the five initial pieces with four new interludes and adding two movements at the start, Prélude and Danse du rouet et scène. The ballet premiered on 29 January 1912 at the Théâtre des Arts in Paris.Concert Booklet of HKPO by Marc Rochester The eleven numbers are:

{{ordered list|list_style_type=upper-roman

|Prélude – Très lent

|Premier tableau – Danse du rouet et scène (Spinning wheel dance and scene)

|Deuxième tableau – Pavane de la belle au bois dormant (Sleeping Beauty pavane)

|Interlude

|Troisième tableau – Les entretiens de la belle et de la bête (Dialogues of the Beauty and the Beast)

|Interlude

|Quatrième tableau – Petit Poucet (Hop-o'-My-Thumb)

|Interlude

|Cinquième tableau – Laideronnette, impératrice des Pagodes (Empress of the Pagodas)

|Interlude

|Sixième tableau – Le jardin féerique (The Fairy Garden)}}

Ma mère l'Oye is scored for an orchestra with the following instruments:

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;Woodwinds

:2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo)

:2 oboes (2nd doubling cor anglais)

:2 clarinets in B{{music|flat}} and A

:2 bassoons (2nd doubling contrabassoon)

;Brass

:2 horns in F

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;Percussion

:timpani

:bass drum

:cymbals

:triangle

:tamtam

:xylophone

:(snare drum in the ballet)

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;Keyboards

:celesta

:jeu de timbre

;Strings

:harp

:violins I, II

:violas

:cellos

:double basses

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• On his 1974 album, So What, American guitarist Joe Walsh recorded the first piano movement, which he simply titled "Pavanne", on the synthesizer.{{cite web|url=http://www.joewalshonline.com/solo/sowhat/pavanne.htm|title=Pavanne (De La Belle Au Bois Dormant) - So What (Joe Walsh)|publisher=joewalshonline.com|accessdate=19 April 2017}}
• On his 1980 album, Bolero (also titled The Ravel Album), Japanese synthesizer artist Isao Tomita recorded the five movements of the piano version.{{cite web|url=http://www.isaotomita.net/recordings/daphnis.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622004320/http://www.isaotomita.net/recordings/daphnis.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 22, 2003|title=Tomita - Daphnis et Chloé|publisher=isaotomita.net|accessdate=19 April 2017}}
• In the 1984 TV short Jean Shepherd on Route 1... and Other Major Thoroughfares, an orchestral version of Le jardin féerique plays in the background while Shepherd narrates a segment about U.S. Route 22.{{Citation|title=Jean Shepherd - Route 22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rke5xFNO0og|language=en|access-date=2022-02-15}}
• The 1993 album Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales includes selections from the suite.{{cite book |last1=Paris |first1=Barry |title=Audrey Hepburn |date=September 2001 |publisher=Penguin Publishing Group |isbn=9781101127780 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1STPjX_1UmcC |access-date=2 March 2023}}
• In the 2007 anime Clannad, the characters choose "Ma mére l'oye" (more specifically a section of "Petit Poucet: Très modéré") as the background music for their school play.
• The 2017 film Call Me by Your Name makes extensive use of a section of Le jardin féerique,
• In the 2021 film The Worst Person in the World, a section of Les entretiens de la belle et de la bete plays while Julie freezes time to meet with Eivind at a cafe.
• The Korean Drama "Sky Castle" (2018-2019) employs Bolero and The Fairy Garden throughout the 20 episode saga.
• In Rick Owens' Fall/Winter 2024 women's show "Porterville", a looping synthesizer cover of the first movement was used throughout.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

{{reflist}}

• {{IMSLP2|work=Ma mère l'Oye (suite) (Ravel, Maurice)|cname=Ma mère l'Oye}}
• [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cuo/audio.html Free recording] by the Columbia University Orchestra.
• [https://archive.org/details/Ravel-MaMreLoyefelipeSarro Free recording] of Ma mère l'Oye by Felipe Sarro

{{Maurice Ravel}}

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Category:Suites by Maurice Ravel

Category:Orchestral suites

Category:Compositions for solo piano

Category:Compositions for piano four-hands

Category:Ballets by Maurice Ravel

Category:1912 ballets

Category:1910 compositions

Category:1911 compositions

Category:1912 compositions

Category:Music based on fairy tales

Category:Works based on nursery rhymes

Category:Music with dedications

Category:Ballets based on works by Charles Perrault

Category:Piano compositions by Maurice Ravel