Maakhir#Regions and Districts
{{Short description|Former somali sultanate in eastern Somalia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = ولاية ماخر الصومال
| image_map2 = Warsangeli Maakhir Map.jpg
| map_caption2 = Close up of Makhir State Map
| image_flag = Makhir official flag.png
| image_coat = Oie rsUjhQDk2VdW.jpg
| conventional_long_name = Maakhir State of Somalia
| common_name = Maakhir
| s1 = Puntland
| image_map = location maakhir.png
| national_motto = Diinta, Saldanada iyo Somalinimo ayaan isu sadqaynaynaa!
| national_anthem = Saldanada Saatir ha saraysiiyo abidkeed
| common_languages = Somali
| capital = Badhan
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| demonym = Makhiri
| leader1 = Ali Ahmed Fatah
| event_start = Declared
| date_start = 26 May
| year_start = 2007
| currency = Somali shilling
| cctld = .so
| calling_code = 252
| flag_s1 = Flag of Puntland.svg
| today = Somalia
}}
Maakhir ({{langx|so|Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir}}, {{langx|ar| ماخر }} {{Transliteration|ar| Mākhir}}), officially the Maakhir State of Somalia ({{langx|so|Maamul Goboleedka Maakhir}}; {{langx|ar|ولاية ماخر الصومال}} {{Transliteration|ar|Wilāyah Mākhir al-Ṣūmāl}}) was a short-lived quasi-state in the Sanaag region of eastern Somalia formed in 2007.{{cite book |last=Piskunova |first=Natalia |year=2013 |chapter=State Failure in the Contemporary International System: New Trends, New Threats |editor-last=Krishna-Hensel |editor-first=Sai Felicia |title=Order and Disorder in the International System |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=115–130 |isbn=9781409489078}}{{cite book |last1=Yuusuf |first1=Muuse |title=The Genesis of the Civil War in Somalia: The Impact of Foreign Military Intervention on the Conflict |date=20 May 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-7556-2711-0 |page=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GzwoEAAAQBAJ&dq=Maakhir+State+sanaag&pg=PA125 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Krishna-Hensel |first=Sai Felicia |title=Order and disorder in the international system |date=2010 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-1-4094-0505-4 |series=Global interdisciplinary studies series |location=Farnham, England Burlington, VT |pages=127}} It rejoined Puntland in 2009.{{Cite book |title=Rule and rupture: state formation through the production of property and citizenship |date=2017 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-38479-3 |editor-last=Lund |editor-first=Christian |series=Development and change book series |location=Chichester, UK; Hoboken, NJ |pages=197 |editor-last2=Eilenberg |editor-first2=Michael}} From February 23 to March 11, 2025, a consultative conference on the self-determination of the Maakhir region was held in Badhan. Representatives were elected for an interim Maakhir administration.{{Cite web |last=WDN |date=2025-03-14 |title=Press Release: Consultative Conference on the Self-Determination of Makhir Regions |url=https://wardheernews.com/press-release-consultative-conference-on-the-self-determination-of-makhir-regions/ |access-date= |website=WardheerNews |language=en-US}}
History
Maakhir refers to the area historically governed by the Warsangali Sultanate, which existed for centuries and played a significant role in the early 20th century.{{Cite report |url=https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01044642/ |title=The Puntland State of Somalia. A Tentative Social Analysis |last=Marchal |first=Roland |date=2010 |language=en}} Maakhir is the only Somali territory to never be ruled by a foreign power. Until 1949, the northern region of Somalia (including Maakhir, which was fully autonomous) was known to the Western world as British Somaliland.[https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2008/jan/5417/statement_by_the_maakhir_diaspora_forum.aspx]
=Military operations=
In February 2008, Somaliland armed forces laid siege to Hadaftimo, causing a state of emergency before the troops withdrew into Erigavo. Maakhir responded by increasing its military presence in Erigavo.[https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111689/P200.pdf The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland.]
On 9 July, hostilities were reignited when Somaliland troops invaded and occupied Laas Qoray port, under the pretense of rescuing German citizens who were allegedly being held hostage by pirates in the area.[http://www.laasqoray.net/view_article.php?articleid=3680 CIIDAMADA SOMALILAND OO DHAAWAC U GAYSTAY MID KA MID AH DADKA XUSUL DUUBKA UGU JIRA SII DAYNTA DADKA AFDUUBKA LOO HAYSTO.] (Somali)
Survival as a state
According to Marchal, Maakhir had problems surviving as a state. While economically, it had the opportunity to use oil revenue from the region, there was no easy way to do this. Its main challenges were that it was small and not well organised. Given the economic and military realities, Maakhir had to seek compromise with either of its two neighbors, Puntland and Somaliland.{{Cite journal |last=Marchal |first=Roland |date=2010 |title=The Puntland State of Somalia. A Tentative Social Analysis. |url=https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01044642/document |journal=HAL Open Science}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{States of Somalia}}
{{Africa}}
{{Indian Ocean}}
{{Coord missing|Somalia}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:States and territories established in 2007
Category:Territorial disputes of Somalia