Maclura

{{automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Paleogene|Recent}} (Molecular clock)

| image = Maclura pomifera2.jpg

| image_caption = M. pomifera foliage and fruit

| taxon = Maclura

| authority = Nutt.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |title=Maclura Nutt. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2009-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115032921/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7108 |archive-date=2009-01-15 |url-status=dead }}

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = 13; see text

| subdivision_ref = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331741-2 Maclura Nutt.] Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 April 2024.

| synonyms =

Cardiogyne {{small|Bureau (1873)}}
Chlorophora {{small|Gaudich. (1830)}}
Cudrania {{small|Trécul (1847), nom. cons.}}
Cudranus {{small|Miq. (1859), orth. var.}}
Fusticus {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
Ioxylon {{small|Raf. (1818)}}
× Macludrania {{small|André (1905)}}
Plecospermum {{small|Trécul (1847)}}
Sukaminea {{small|Raf. (1838)}}
Toxylon {{small|Raf. (1818)}}
Vanieria {{small|Lour. (1790)}}

|synonyms_ref =

}}

Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It includes the inedible Osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the United States as a hedging plant.{{Silvics |first=J D |last=Burton |volume=2 |genus=Maclura |species=pomifera |accessdate=2009-03-03}} It is dioecious, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.{{cite book|isbn= 9789071236648|title= Moraceae - Genera other than Ficus|work=Flora Malesiana|series=1|volume=17|issue=1|date=2006|pages=1–152|first1=Berg|last1=C.C.|last2=Corner|first2=E.J.H.|last3=Jarrett|first3=F.M.}}

Maclura is closely related to the genus Cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined Maclura that includes species previously included in Cudrania and other genera of Moraceae.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The genus likely originated in South America during the Paleogene.{{Cite journal|last1=Gardner|first1=Elliot M.|last2=Sarraf|first2=Paya|last3=Williams|first3=Evelyn W.|last4=Zerega|first4=Nyree J.C.|date=December 2017|title=Phylogeny and biogeography of Maclura (Moraceae) and the origin of an anachronistic fruit|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=117|pages=49–59|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.021|pmid=28698111|doi-access=free|bibcode=2017MolPE.117...49G }}

Species

13 species are accepted.

Maclura africana {{small|(Bureau) Corner}} – eastern Africa and Madagascar
Maclura andamanica {{small|(King ex Hook.f.) C.C.Berg}} – Vietnam, Laos to Andaman Islands
Maclura brasiliensis {{small|(Mart.) Endl.}} – Brazil, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela
Maclura cochinchinensis {{small|(Lour.) Corner}} (Syn.: Cudrania cochinchinensis, Cudrania javanensis, Vanieria cochinchinensis) – China, Vietnam, Malesia, and northern Australia
Maclura fruticosa {{small|(Roxb.) Corner}} – China and Vietnam
Maclura mollis {{small|(Fernald) Carvajal}} – Mexico (Oaxaca)
Maclura montana {{small|Z.P.Lei, G.Y.Li & Z.H.Chen}} – China (Zhejiang)
Maclura orientalis {{small|G.Y.Li, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen}} – China (Zhejiang)
Maclura pomifera {{small|(Raf.) C.K.Schneid.}} (Raf.) C.K.Schneid. – Osage-orange; United States
Maclura pubescens {{small|(Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert}} (Syn.: M. cochichinensis var. pubescens) – China
Maclura spinosa {{small|(Willd.) C.C.Berg}} – India to Sri Lanka
Maclura tinctoria (L.) D.Don ex Steud. – Mexico to northern Argentina
Maclura tricuspidata {{small|Carrière}} (Syn.: Cudrania tricuspidata, Cudrania triloba) – China, Vietnam, and Korea

=Formerly placed here=

Milicia excelsa (as Maclura excelsa)
Milicia regia (as Maclura regia)
Broussonetia greveana (as Maclura greveana and Maclura humbertii)

Etymology

The genus is named in honor of William Maclure (1763-1840), a Scottish-born American geologist and educational reformer. President of the American Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 22 years. Maclure made major contributions to his field, including the first true geological map of any part of North America, and was a strong advocate of universal education, especially for women.

Fossil record

Fossils similar to Maclura have been reported from the Middle Eocene of England.{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081023/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/292995365_fig2_Fig-2-Broussonetia-Maclura-clade-and-its-probable-ancestral-area-Fragment-of-the|archive-date=11 Feb 2017|access-date=2023-09-26|title=Broussonetia – Maclura clade, and its probable ancestral area… – Figure 2}}

References

External links

Category:Moraceae genera

Category:Dioecious plants