Macro-Yaeyama languages

{{Infobox language family

|name=Macro-Yaeyama

|region=Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa Prefecture

|familycolor=altaic

|fam1=Japonic

|fam2=Ryukyuan

|fam3=Southern Ryukyuan

|child1=Yaeyama

|child2=Yonaguni

|glotto=macr1267

|glottorefname=Macro-Yaeyama

}}

Macro-Yaeyama is one of the two branches of the Southern Ryukyuan languages, comprising the Yaeyama and Yonaguni languages. It is defined by the development of "know" as a potential auxiliary, the semantic extension of "nephew" to being gender-neutral, and unique forms of the words exhibited by the table below.

class="wikitable" \|+ Macro-Yaeyama Innovations ! colspan="2" \|Region of Speech !'bud' !'dirt' !'fresh' !'happy'
rowspan="5" \|Macro- Yaeyama !Ishigaki \|{{IPA\|báí}} \|{{IPA\|ɡábá}} \|{{IPA\|píɾáɡíɕáːŋ}} \|{{IPA\|sánìɕàːŋ}}
Taketomi \|{{IPA\|bəi}} \|{{IPA\|ɡə̀bə́}} \|{{IPA\|píːɾèsàŋ}} \|{{IPA\|sənisəŋ}}
Hatoma \|{{IPA\|bàì}} \|{{IPA\|ɡàbà}} \|{{IPA\|pìɾákèːŋ}} \|{{IPA\|sàníjàŋ}}
Hateruma \|{{IPA\|bëː}} \|{{IPA\|ɡaba}} \|{{IPA\|piɾiːsahaŋ}} \|{{IPA\|sḁn̥iɕahaŋ}}
Yonaguni \|{{IPA\|bai}} \|{{IPA\|ɡaba}} \|{{IPA\|çiɾaɡjaŋ}} \|{{IPA\|ɕànáŋ}}
rowspan="3" \|Miyako !Ikema \|{{IPA\|miː}} \|{{IPA\|fu̥sɨ}} \|{{IPA\|çiɡuɾukai}} \|{{IPA\|hu̥kaɾasɨ̥kai}}
Ogami \|{{IPA\|miː}} \|{{IPA\|napa}} \|{{IPA\|pukuɾukam}} \|{{IPA\|pukaɾaskam}}
Tarama \|{{IPA\|fukɨ}} \|{{IPA\|naba}} \|{{IPA\|piɡuɭɭaɭ}} \|{{IPA\|pu̥kaɾaɕaːɭ}}
Amami !Shodon \|{{IPA\|mɘ̆ː}} \|{{IPA\|çîɡ.ɾú}} \|{{IPA\|sɨdaɕa}} \|{{IPA\|ʔuhoɾaɕa}}
Okinawa !Nakijin \|{{IPA\|mìdùɾí}} \|{{IPA\|píŋɡù}} \|{{IPA\|ɕìdàːɕêŋ}} \|{{IPA\|ɸù̥kùɾáɕèŋ}}

class="wikitable"

|+ Macro-Yaeyama Innovations

! colspan="2" |Region of Speech

!'bud'

!'dirt'

!'fresh'

!'happy'

rowspan="5" |Macro-

Yaeyama

!Ishigaki

|{{IPA|báí}}

|{{IPA|ɡábá}}

|{{IPA|píɾáɡíɕáːŋ}}

|{{IPA|sánìɕàːŋ}}

Taketomi

|{{IPA|bəi}}

|{{IPA|ɡə̀bə́}}

|{{IPA|píːɾèsàŋ}}

|{{IPA|sənisəŋ}}

Hatoma

|{{IPA|bàì}}

|{{IPA|ɡàbà}}

|{{IPA|pìɾákèːŋ}}

|{{IPA|sàníjàŋ}}

Hateruma

|{{IPA|bëː}}

|{{IPA|ɡaba}}

|{{IPA|piɾiːsahaŋ}}

|{{IPA|sḁn̥iɕahaŋ}}

Yonaguni

|{{IPA|bai}}

|{{IPA|ɡaba}}

|{{IPA|çiɾaɡjaŋ}}

|{{IPA|ɕànáŋ}}

rowspan="3" |Miyako

!Ikema

|{{IPA|miː}}

|{{IPA|fu̥sɨ}}

|{{IPA|çiɡuɾukai}}

|{{IPA|hu̥kaɾasɨ̥kai}}

Ogami

|{{IPA|miː}}

|{{IPA|napa}}

|{{IPA|pukuɾukam}}

|{{IPA|pukaɾaskam}}

Tarama

|{{IPA|fukɨ}}

|{{IPA|naba}}

|{{IPA|piɡuɭɭaɭ}}

|{{IPA|pu̥kaɾaɕaːɭ}}

Amami

!Shodon

|{{IPA|mɘ̆ː}}

|{{IPA|çîɡ.ɾú}}

|{{IPA|sɨdaɕa}}

|{{IPA|ʔuhoɾaɕa}}

Okinawa

!Nakijin

|{{IPA|mìdùɾí}}

|{{IPA|píŋɡù}}

|{{IPA|ɕìdàːɕêŋ}}

|{{IPA|ɸù̥kùɾáɕèŋ}}

Although Yonaguni has historically been classified as either a primary branch of Ryukyuan or of the Southern Ryukyuan languages, its close relationship with Yaeyama is clear.{{cite book

| surname = Pellard | given = Thomas

| chapter = The linguistic archeology of the Ryukyu Islands

| pages = 13–37

| editor1-surname = Heinrich | editor1-given = Patrick

| editor2-surname = Miyara | editor2-given = Shinsho

| editor3-surname = Shimoji | editor3-given = Michinori

| title = Handbook of the Ryukyuan languages: History, structure, and use

| publisher = De Gruyter Mouton | year = 2015

| isbn = 978-1-61451-161-8

| doi = 10.1515/9781614511151.13

| s2cid = 54004881

| chapter-url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01289257

}} pp. 18–20.

References

Category:Languages of Japan

Category:Ryukyuan languages

Category:Ryukyu Islands