Magnolia sieboldii
{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Siebold's magnolia
| image = 20120522 CamelliaPath OyamaMagnolia Cutler P1240017 (7312701108).jpg
| image_caption =
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Magnolia
| display_parents = 3
| parent = Magnolia subsect. Oyama
| species = sieboldii
| authority = K.Koch
| synonyms =
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
- Magnolia oyama Kort
- Magnolia parviflora Siebold & Zucc. nom. illeg.
- Magnolia sinensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Stapf
- Magnolia verecunda Koidz.
- Oyama sieboldii (K.Koch) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
- Oyama sinensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
}}
| synonyms_ref = {{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Magnolia+sieboldii
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=28 January 2017}}
}}
Magnolia sieboldii, or Siebold's magnolia, also known as Korean mountain magnolia{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=Korea National Arboretum|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=532|access-date=24 December 2016|via=Korea Forest Service|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}} and Oyama magnolia,{{Cite web |title=Magnolia sieboldii (Oyama Magnolia) {{!}} North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/magnolia-sieboldii/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu}} is a species of Magnolia native to east Asia in China, Japan, and Korea. It is named after the German doctor Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866).
Description
Magnolia sieboldii is a large deciduous shrub or small tree {{convert|5|–|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall. The stalks, young leaves, young twigs and young buds are downy. The leaves are elliptical to ovate-oblong, 9–16 cm (rarely 25 cm) long and 4–10 cm (rarely 12 cm) broad, with a 1.5-4.5 cm petiole.
The flowers, unlike the spring flowering magnolias, open primarily in the early summer, but continue intermittently until late summer. They are pendulous, cup-shaped, 7–10 cm diameter, and have 6-12 tepals, the outer three smaller, the rest larger, and pure white; the carpels are greenish and the stamens reddish-purple or greenish-white.
=Subspecies=
There are three subspecies:
- Magnolia sieboldii subsp. japonica. Japan. Low shrub; flowers with 6 tepals and greenish-white stamens.
- Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sieboldii. Japan, Korea, eastern China. Tree or large shrub; flowers with 9-12 tepals and reddish-purple stamens; leaves smaller, rarely over 16 cm.
- Magnolia sieboldii subsp. sinensis. Southwestern China (Sichuan); flowers as subsp. sieboldii; leaves larger, commonly to 22 cm.
File:Magnolia sieboldii bud.jpg|Flower bud
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower 1.jpg|Flower, male phase
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower 2.jpg|Flower
File:Magnolia sieboldii flower detail.jpg|Flower detail
File:Magnolia sieboldii (Siebold Magnolia) (35675925030).jpg|Immature fruit
File:Magnolia sieboldii fruit.jpg|Nearly mature fruit
Cultivation
Magnolia sieboldii is grown as an ornamental tree in gardens. It is one of the hardiest magnolias, successful in cultivation as far north as Arboretum Mustila in Finland. The cultivar 'Colossus' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/178464/i-Magnolia-sieboldii-i-Colossus/Details?returnurl=%2fplants%2fsearch-results%3fform-mode%3dtrue%26context%3db%253d0%2526hf%253d10%2526l%253den%2526q%253dMagnolia%252bpegasus%2526s%253ddesc%252528plant_merged%252529%2526sl%253dplantForm%26query%3dMagnolia%2bcolossus%26aliaspath%3d%252fplants%252fsearch-results
|title= Magnolia sieboldii 'Colossus' AGM
| publisher=Royal Horticultural Society | date=2017 | accessdate=2017-01-27}}
Called mongnan or mokran (목란/{{lang|ko|木蘭}}), Siebold's magnolia is the national flower of North Korea.{{Cite web | title = Floral Emblems of the world | last = Lim | first = Reuben C. J. | work = anbg.gov.au | publisher = Australian National Herbarium | date = 29 June 2013 | accessdate = 9 September 2016 | url = https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/world-emblems.html}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- Hunt, D. (ed). (1998). Magnolias and their allies. International Dendrology Society and Magnolia Society. {{ISBN|0-9517234-8-0}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070505104021/http://www.fna.org/china/mss/volume07/Magnoliaceae-CAS_coauthoring.htm Flora of China: Magnoliaceae (draft account)]
External links
- {{cite book |date=1992|title=Magnolia Sieboldii: Korea's National Flower|last=Hong|first=Kyong-sik|location=Pyongyang|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?6+6001#.pdf|oclc=52473426}}
- Friedman, William (Ned). "[https://arboretum.harvard.edu/stories/oyama-magnolia-in-full-bloom/ Oyama magnolia in full bloom."] Posts from the Collections, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, June 12, 2016. Accessed 1 October 2019.
- [https://arboretum.harvard.edu/plants/image-search/?keyword=Magnolia+sieboldii&submit=Search Magnolia sieboldii images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database.]
{{National symbols of North Korea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1378390}}
Category:Flora of Eastern Asia
Category:National symbols of North Korea