Mahmoud Hessabi

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Mahmoud Hessabi

|image = Mahmoud Hesabi.png

|image_size =

|caption = Mahmoud Hessabi

| office2 = Senator from Tehran

| term_start2 = 22 January 1950

| term_end2 = 9 May 1961

| appointer2 = Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

| office1 = Minister of Culture and Higher Education

| term_start1 = 6 May 1951

| term_end1 = 16 July 1952

| primeminister1 = Mohammad Mosaddegh

| predecessor1 = Karim Sanjabi

| successor1 = Mehdi Azar

|occupation = scientist

|birth_date = {{birth date|1903|2|23|df=yes}}

|birth_place = Tehran, Qajar Iran

|death_date = {{death date and age|1992|9|3|1903|2|23|df=yes}}

|death_place = Geneva, Switzerland

|resting_place = Tafresh, Iran

|nationality = Iranian

|alma_mater = American University of Beirut, Sorbonne, École Superieure d'Electricité

}}

Mahmoud Hessabi (or Hessaby, {{langx|fa|محمود حسابی}}, 23 February 1903 – 3 September 1992) was an Iranian nuclear physicist and senator.{{cite news |author= |date= 5 December 1951 |title=Iran Bank Fights Drain on Exchange: Opening of Credit Abroad for Imports Suspended in Step to Protect Currency |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York }} He was the minister of education in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh from 1951 to 1952.{{cite book |last1=Alexander |first1=Yonah |author-link1=Yonah Alexander |last2=Nanes |first2=Allan S. |year=1980 |title=The United States and Iran: A Documentary History |publisher=Aletheia Books |page=244

|isbn=9780890933787|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Zx1AAAAMAAJ}}

Life

Hessabi was born in Tehran to the family of Abbas and Goharshad Hessabi. His family's hometown is Tafresh, Markazi province, Iran.{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/personalities/mhessaby/mhessaby.php|title=Iranian Personalities: Professor Mahmoud Hessabi |author= |publisher= Iran Chamber Society }} His family moved to Beirut in 1907 when his father was appointed consul at the Iranian embassy.{{cite book|author1=H. E. Chehabi|author2=Hassan I. Mneimneh|editor=H. E. Chehabi|title=Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years|year=2007|publisher=I.B. Tauris|location=New York|isbn=9781860645617|page=18|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/DistantRelations/Distant%20relations_djvu.txt|chapter=Five Centuries of Lebanese–Iranian Encounters}} There Hessabi attended primary school. He was still in secondary school when World War I started prompting the closure of his school and so Hessabi continued his education at home and in 1922, he earned a degree in road engineering from the American University of Beirut. After briefly working for the Ministry of Roads, Beirut, Hessabi travelled to Paris for further education, where he was awarded a degree in electrical engineering at the École Superieure d'Electricité and later a doctorate degree in 1927. In Paris, he worked with Aime Cotton.{{cite book|last= Tarikhi |first=Parviz |year=2014 |title=The Iranian Space Endeavor: Ambitions and Reality |publisher=Springer |page=47 }}

In Tehran, Hessabi was affiliated with the University of Tehran and organized the science and engineering faculties of the university. He was the teacher of Alenush Terian while she studied at the university.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s00016-012-0085-x | volume=14 | issue=2 | title=Alenush Terian: The Iranian Solar Mother|year=2012 | journal=Physics in Perspective | pages=239–241 | last1 = Talebian | first1 = Mohammad | last2 = Talebian | first2 = Ehsan| bibcode=2012PhP....14..239T | s2cid=120601020 | doi-access=free }} In June 1951, Hessabi was appointed to a three-man provincial board of the Iranian oil company, the designated successor of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Dr. Hessabi led the nationalisation of the company and became its first CEO. In December 1951, he replaced Karim Sanjaby as minister of education. Between 1961 and 1969, Hessabi was Iran's representative on the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.

During the congress honoring "60 Years of Physics in Iran," his services were celebrated, and he was dubbed "the father of modern physics in Iran."

He was Albert Einstein's only Iranian student and friend.

Museum

In 1992 his house changed to a museum to for recognition of his life. The Mahmoud Hessabi museum is located Tajrish neighbourhood in Tehran.

The Hessabi family is part of Iran's Muslim elite. One of the capital's avenues is named after them, leading to a square with a statue of Dr. Hessabi. Mahmoud Hessabi had a son and a daughter. His son, an engineering graduate, is head of the Dr. Hessabi Institute (2015). Today, the majority of the family lives outside Iran, particularly following the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

Selected works

{{cite journal |author=Hessaby M. |title=Continuous Particles |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=189–194|date=1947|bibcode=1947PNAS...33..189H|doi=10.1073/pnas.33.6.189|pmc=1079021 |pmid=16588741|doi-access=free }}
{{cite journal |author=Hessaby M. |title=Theoretical Evidence for the Existence of a Light-Charged Particle of Mass Greater than That of the Electron|journal=Phys. Rev.|volume=73 |issue=9= |date=May 1948 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.73.1128 |page=1128|bibcode=1948PhRv...73.1128H}}