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Mahmud al-Alusi

{{Short description|Iraqi Islamic scholar and poet (1802–1854)}}

{{distinguish|Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi}}

{{Infobox religious biography

| religion = Islam

| honorific_prefix =

| name = Abū al-Thanā’ Shihāb ad-Dīn Maḥmūd al-Ḥusaynī al-Ālūsī
{{lang|ar|أبو الثناء شهاب الدين محمودالحسيني الآلوسي}}

| image =

| caption =

| title = al-Ālūsī Al-Kabīr (The Grand Ālūsī)

| birth_name =

| birth_date = 10 December 1802 CE / 1217 AH

| birth_place = Baghdad, Baghdad Vilayet, Ottoman Empire

| death_date = 29 July 1854 CE / 1270 AH

| death_place =

| death_cause =

| resting_place = Sheikh Marouf cemetery in Baghdad

| other_names =

| nationality =

| era =

| region =

| occupation = Islamic scholar, Mufti, religious teacher

| denomination = Sunni Islam

| jurisprudence = Hanafi/
{{smaller|(Shafi'i influenced)}}

| creed = MaturidiAlpyağıl, Recep (28 November 2016). "[https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0232.xml Māturīdī]". Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{doi|10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0232}}. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017.

| movement =

| main_interests =

| notable_ideas =

| notable_works = Ruh al-Ma'ani

| alma_mater =

| Sufi_order = Naqshbandi

| disciple_of =

| awards =

| influences = {{flatlist|

}}

| influenced = {{flatlist|

  • Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi{{Cite web |title='Wahhabi' Influences, Salafi Responses: Shaikh Mahmud Shukri and The Iraqi Salafi Movement, 1745–1930 |url=https://academic.oup.com/jis/article-abstract/14/2/127/708033?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=academic.oup.com}}{{Cite web |title=سلسلة رموز الإصلاح 16– علامة العراق أبو المعالي محمود شكري الألوسي (1273/ 1342هـ - 1856/ 1924م) |url=https://www.alrased.net/main/articles.aspx?selected_article_no=6319 |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.alrased.net}}

}}

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}}

Abū al-Thanā’ Shihāb ad-Dīn Sayyid Maḥmūd ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī al-Ālūsī al-Baghdādī ({{langx|ar|أبو الثناء شهاب الدين سيد محمود بن عبد الله بن محمود الحسيني الآلوسي البغدادي}}‎; 10 December 1802 – 29 July 1854 CE) was an Iraqi Islamic scholar best known for writing Ruh al-Ma'ani, an exegesis (tafsir) of the Qur'an.{{Cite web |date=2019-05-21 |title=الإمام الآلوسي وكتابه \ روح المعاني في تفسير القرآن العظيم والسبع المثاني\ |url=http://midad.com:80/article/203948/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A- |access-date=2023-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521122809/http://midad.com:80/article/203948/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A- |archive-date=2019-05-21 }}

Biography

He was born in Baghdad on the day of Jumu`ah, 14 Sha`ban 1217 AH (Friday, 10 December 1802).{{cite book |last= Al-Alousi |first= Mahmoud Shukri |date= 1930 |title= المسك الأذفر |trans-title= Almisk Aldhfar|language= ar |editor-last = Al-Jubouri

| editor-first = Abdullah | place = Baghdad | publisher= Arab Encyclopaedia House | url = https://archive.org/details/Mesk_Azfar | pages = 171–200}}{{cite book|title=الوافي في تراث العرب الثقافي : الأندلس والمشرق العربي منذ سقوط الخلافة العباسية / al-Wāfī fī turāth al-ʻArab al-thaqāfī : al-Andalus wa-al-mashriq al-ʻArabī mundhu suqūṭ al-khilāfah al-ʻAbbāsīyah|trans-title=The Exhaustive in the Cultural Heritage of the Arabs : Andalusia and the Arab East since the fall of the Abbasid caliphate|last1=al-Musawi|first1=Muhsin J.|last2=Khaldi|first2=Boutheina|year=2010|publisher=al-Markaz al-Thaqāfī al-ʻArabī|location=Beirut|edition=1st|language=Arabic}}

He was a prominent Baghdad scholar in the Ottoman Empire. Because some of his phrases resembled that of the Ahl al-Hadith{{Cite web |date=2019-05-21 |title=الإمام الآلوسي وكتابه \ روح المعاني في تفسير القرآن العظيم والسبع المثاني\ |url=http://midad.com:80/article/203948/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A- |access-date=2023-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521122809/http://midad.com:80/article/203948/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A- |archive-date=2019-05-21 }}{{Request quotation|date=October 2024}} and Salafis such ibn Taymiyyah and Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab, he was accused of supporting Wahhabism.GÖKKIR, Bilal, and Necmettin GÖKKIR. "Sufi or Salafi? Alusi’s Struggle For His Reputation Against Ottoman Bureaucracy With His Tafsir, Ruh al-Maani." This led to his dismissal in 1847. He sent his tafsir to the authorities in Istanbul as proof for his loyalty to the established Islamic tradition and the Ottoman Empire.GÖKKIR, Bilal, and Necmettin GÖKKIR. "Sufi or Salafi? Alusi’s Struggle For His Reputation Against Ottoman Bureaucracy With His Tafsir, Ruh al-Maani." ʿĀrif Hikmet Bey was impressed by al-Alusi's deep knowledge and advised him to consult Reşid Mehmed Pasha for his concern. Reşid Mehmed Pasha eventually assigned him as a member of the madrasa of the Murjan Mosque and the position of a mufti.

He died on 5 Dhul-Q'dah, 1270 AH (29 July 1854)

Works

An exhaustive list of all his works far too long and thus difficult to compile. Indexes in the British Library and the below are a few examples:

  • Rūḥ al-ma‘ānī fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-‘aẓīm wa-al-sab‘ al-mathānī ({{lang|ar|روح المعاني في تفسير القرآن العظيم والسبع المثاني}})
  • Nashwat al-shamūl fī al-safar ilā Islāmbūl ({{lang|ar|نشوة الشمول في السفر إلى إسلامبول}})
  • Nashwat al-mudām fī al-‘awd ilá Madīnat al-Salām ({{lang|ar|نشوة المدام في العود إلي مدينة السلام}})
  • al-Ajwibah al-‘Irāqīyah ‘alá al-as’ilah al-Lāhūrīyah ({{lang|ar|الأجوبة العراقية على الأسئلة اللاهورية}})
  • al-Ajwibah al-‘Irāqīyah ‘an al-as’ilah al-Īrānīyah ({{lang|ar|الأجوبة العراقية عن الأسئلة الإيرانية}})
  • Ghra'b al-'Ightirab ({{lang|ar|غرائب الإغتراب}})
  • Daqaiq al-Tafsir ({{lang|ar|دقائق التفسير}})
  • Sharh Sullam al-Mantiq ({{lang|ar|شرح سلم المنطق}})
  • al-Tiraz al-Mudh-hab Fi Sharh Qasydat al-Baz al-Ash-hab ({{lang|ar|الطراز المذهب في شرح قصيدة الباز الأشهب}})
  • al-Maqamat al-Alousiya ({{lang|ar|المقامات الآلوسية}})

Legacy

Mahmud al-Alusi had five sons who were also scholars: Sayyid Abdullah Bahauddin al-Alusi, Sayyid Sa'ad Abdulbaqi al-Alusi, Nu'man al-Alusi, Sayyid Mohammad Hamid al-Afandi and Sayyid Ahmed Shakir al-Afandi.{{cite book |last= Al-Alousi |first= Mahmoud Shukri |date= 1930 |title= المسك الأذفر |trans-title= Almisk al-Adhfar|language= ar |editor-last = Al-Jubouri

| editor-first = Abdullah | place = Baghdad | publisher= Arab Encyclopaedia House | url = https://archive.org/details/Mesk_Azfar | pages = 171–200}} His tafsir was published for the first time in 1883.GÖKKIR, Bilal, and Necmettin GÖKKIR. "Sufi or Salafi? Alusi’s Struggle For His Reputation Against Ottoman Bureaucracy With His Tafsir, Ruh al-Maani." Through his son Sayyid Abdullah Bahauddin al-Alusi, Mahmud had a grandson, Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi, who was a leading scholar of Baghdad and a religious reformist.{{Cite web |title=سلسلة رموز الإصلاح 16– علامة العراق أبو المعالي محمود شكري الألوسي (1273/ 1342هـ - 1856/ 1924م) |url=https://www.alrased.net/main/articles.aspx?selected_article_no=6319 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.alrased.net}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |last= Al-Alousi |first= Mahmoud Shukri |date= 2016 |title= Allama Alusi |trans-title= Allama Alusi |language= ar |place= Baghdad |url= http://www.loohpress.com/product_info.php/products_id/1614 |access-date= 2018-01-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124601/http://www.loohpress.com/product_info.php/products_id/1614 |archive-date= 2018-01-20 |url-status= live }}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud Al-Alusi}}

Category:1802 births

Category:1854 deaths

Category:Writers from Baghdad

Category:Iraqi Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam

Category:Quranic exegesis scholars

Category:19th-century Arab people

Category:Hanafis

Category:Naqshbandi order

Category:Supporters of Ibn Arabi

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