Mahound
{{Short description|Muhammad portrayed as a demon}}{{Muhammad}}
Mahound and Mahoun are variant forms of the name Muhammad, often found in medieval and later European literature.{{Cite OED|Mahound}} Other spellings include Macon (for example, in Orlando Furioso) and Mahun (for example, in Cursor Mundi). The name has been used in the past by Christian writers to vilify Muhammad.{{cite book|last=Esposito|first=John L.|title=The Islamic threat : myth or reality?|year=1999|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-19-513076-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicthreatmyt00espo/page/250 250]|url=https://archive.org/details/islamicthreatmyt00espo|url-access=registration|quote=Mahound.|edition=3rd|author-link=John Esposito}} It was especially connected to the demonization of Muhammad as inspiring a false religion.Annemarie Schimmel, Islam: An Introduction, 1992.William Montgomery Watt,Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, 1961, p. 229{{cite web |last=Juferi |first=Mohd Elfie Nieshaem |title=The Christian Missionaries & Their Lies About Muhammad |url=https://bismikaallahuma.org/polemical-rebuttals/lies-about-muhammad/ |website=Bismika Allahuma |date=September 20, 2005 |access-date=November 14, 2023}}
== Pejorative connotations ==
According to Bernard Lewis, the development of the concept started with a demonization followed by pagans. In the late medieval and early modern period around the Reformation, Muhammad was accused of being a cunning imposter.Bernard Lewis (2002), p. 45.
A similar belief was the claim that the Knights Templar worshipped an idol called "Baphomet", which was attached to the generic transliteration of the Muslim name "Mahomet".Barber, Malcolm, The NewKnighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple, Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 321.
In literature
The name appears in various medieval mystery plays, in which Mahound is sometimes portrayed as a generic demon worshipped by villains such as Herod and the Pharaoh of the Exodus. One play depicts both Herod the Great and his son Herod Antipas as worshipping Mahound,[http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/ntown/30_judas_trial.txt N-Town Cycle: The Death of Judas, and the Trials of Christ Before Pilate and Herod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704102604/http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/ntown/30_judas_trial.txt |date=2008-07-04 }}, line 165. while in another play Pharaoh encourages the Egyptians to pursue the Israelites into the Red Sea with the words: Heave up your hearts ay to Mahound.[http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/york/play_11.txt The York Cycle: The Israelites in Egypt, the Ten Plagues, and Passage of the Red Sea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724172703/http://www.umm.maine.edu/faculty/necastro/drama/york/play_11.txt |date=2008-07-24 }}, line 404.
In Scottish popular culture, the variant form "Mahoun" was also used as the name of the devil, who was called Old Mahoun.The Nuttall Encyclopedia: Mahoun. Robert Burns wrote:
The Deil cam fiddlin thro' the town,
And danc'd awa wi' th'Exciseman;
And ilka wife cries auld Mahoun,
I wish you luck o' the prize, man.Robert Burns, [http://www.online-literature.com/robert-burns/2491/ The Deil's Awa Wi' Th' Exciseman].
G. K. Chesterton uses "Mahound" rather than "Mohammed" in his poem Lepanto.G. K. Chesterton, Lepanto. More recently, Salman Rushdie, in his novel The Satanic Verses, chose the name Mahound to refer to Muhammad as he appears in one character's dreams. In reference to the Burns' poem, the novel Child of the Moon features a character named "Mahoun" who is responsible for seducing others into satanic rituals.Valinora Troy's Review of [https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/4918164212 Child of the Moon]
See also
References
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External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085240/http://www.thomondgate.net/pdf/companion/companion.pdf Companion to Medieval English Literature]