Mailuan languages
{{Short description|Language family of New Guinea}}
{{distinguish|text=the Maiduan languages}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Mailuan
|altname=Cloudy Bay
|region=Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea:
Central Province
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Trans–New Guinea
|fam2=Papuan Peninsula
|fam4=Mailu–Yareban
|glotto=mail1249
|glottorefname=Mailuan
}}
The Mailuan or Cloudy Bay languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken around Cloudy Bay in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
Languages
Classification
Dutton (1971) said Bauwaki was a link to the Yareban languages. It has greater lexical similarity with Aneme Wake (Yareban) than the closest Mailuan language, Domu. Usher (2020) classifies Mailuan, Bauwaki and Yareban together.
Magi shows evidence of language shift from an Oceanic language in many Oceanic words.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the proto-Mailuan–Yareban pronouns as:[https://newguineaworld.linguistik.uzh.ch/families/trans-new-guinea/papuan-peninsula/owen-stanley-range New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range]
:
| {{table}}
! !!sg!!du!!pl |
| 1excl
|rowspan=2|*na || ||*ge |
|---|
| 1incl
|*gu||*i |
| 2
|*ga|| ||*ja |
| 3
|*e|| ||*ema |
Ross (1995) reconstructs the Mailuan pronouns as:
:
| {{table}}
! !!sg!!du!!pl |
| 1
|*i||*gu-||*ge |
|---|
| 2
|*ga||*[j]a||*[j]a, *mee |
| 3
| ||*emu |
Vocabulary comparison
{{cleanup lang|date=September 2021}}
The following basic vocabulary words are from Thomson (1975)Thomson, N.P. "The Dialects of Magi". In Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40:37-90. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. {{doi|10.15144/PL-A40.37}} and various SIL field notes, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.{{Cite web |url=http://transnewguinea.org/language/?subset=M |title=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea |last=Greenhill |first=Simon |date=2016 |access-date=2020-11-05}}
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. kuma, uma, tuma for “louse”) or not (e.g. baka, ulim, muruu for “egg”).
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! gloss !! Bauwaki !! Binahari !! MailuSaville, W. J. V. 1912. A Grammar of the Mailu Language, Papua. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 42: 397-436. !! Mailu |
| head
| awara || sol || moru; uru || moru || moru || moru || ioru || ilolo || moru || din |
|---|
| hair
| i'iri || git || limuu || ʔuru || liʔimu || limuʔu || ʔuru || liʔimu || ʔuru || bo |
| ear
| ome || ofi || ope || ʔope || ʔope || ʔope || ʔope || ʔope || ʔope || ope |
| eye
| ni'aba || ni || ini || ini || ini || ini || ini || ini || ini || nikaba |
| nose
| iru || lilim || durumu || durumu || durumu || durumu || durumu || durumu || durumu || dunun |
| tooth
| ni'o || maʔa || gagina; maa || maʔa || maʔa || maʔa || maʔa || maʔa || maʔa || ma'akisa |
| tongue
| meana || koba || goba || goba || goba || goba || goba || goba || goba || goba |
| leg
| doboro || aᵘ || || ʔau || ʔau || ʔau || ʔau || ʔau || ʔau || au |
| louse
| kuma || uma || tuma || tuma || tuma || tuma || tuma || tuma || tuma || tuma |
| dog
| wa'ai || waʔaⁱ || waai || waʔai || dari || waʔai || dari || dari || dari || va'ai |
| pig
| boro || boro || || boraʔa || boraʔa || boraʔa || boraʔa || talae || natu || |
| bird
| adau || adaᵘ || manu || manu || manu || manu || manu || manu || manu || adau |
| egg
| baka || ulim || muruu || muruʔu || muruʔu || muruʔu || muruʔu || muruʔu || muruʔu || unimi |
| blood
| dana || lala || lala || lala || lala || || || lala || lala || |
| bone
| i sa || gisa || kisa || kisa || tara || kisa || kisa || kisa || iriga || |
| skin
| ofe || ofi || opi || ʔopi || ʔopi || ʔopi || ʔopi || ʔopi || ʔopi || ubu |
| breast
| ama || ⁱama || hama || ama || ama || ama || ama || ama || ama || ama |
| tree
| ana || ʔana || || ana || ana || ana || ana || ana || ana || ana |
| man
| eme || ɛmɛkʰ || egi || egi || egi || egi || egi || egi || egi || emegi |
| woman
| aveka || aveha || || avesa || avesa || avesa || avesa || avesa || avesa || aveha |
| sky
| || || nogara || nogara || nogara || nogara || nogara || nogara || nogara || |
| sun
| evaka || budiwa || || nina || nina || nina || nina || nina || nina || rina |
| moon
| manabe || debaʔaʰ || dovele || || dovele || || dovele || dovele || dovele || deveni |
| water
| ya'a || yaʔah || aʔaʔma; mami || ʔaʔama || ʔaʔama || ʔaʔama || ʔaʔama || ʔaʔama || ʔaʔama || ya'ama |
| fire
| yo || kɛu || eu || eu || eu || eu || eu || eu || badau || eu |
| stone
| oma || bagᵃ || budi; nabua; |
| road, path
| da'aba || legaʰ || laea || laea || laea || laea || laea || laea || laea || nara |
| name
| ibi || im || omu || omu || omu || omu || omu || omu || omu || |
| eat
| isi || kihi || isiisi || isiisi || isiisi || isiisi || isiisi || isiisi || ʔiʔa || isi |
| one
| dim dai || opmigau || omu || ʔomu || ʔomu || ʔomu || ʔomu || ʔomu || ʔomu || obumiya |
| two
| yara || haᵘřa || ava || ʔava || ʔava || ʔava || ʔava || ʔava || ʔava || hauna |
Additional word lists can be found in Ray (1938).Ray, Sidney H. 1938. The languages of the Eastern and South-Eastern Division of Papua. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 68: 153–208.
Evolution
Mailuan reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:{{cite book |last1=Pawley |first1=Andrew |last2=Hammarström |first2=Harald |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The Trans New Guinea family |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=21–196 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}
- ama ‘breast’ < *amu
- maa ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
- kisa ‘bone’ < *kondaC
- tupa ‘short’ < *tu(p,mb)a(C)
- guia ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
- idi ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
- (ine) ibi ‘name’ < *imbi
- iini- ‘sleep’ < *kin(i,u)-
References
=Bibliography=
- {{Malcolm Ross Pronouns}}
=Notes=
{{reflist}}
{{Southeast Papuan languages}}
{{Trans–New Guinea languages}}
{{Papuan languages}}