Major thirds tuning#External links

Image:Segmented fretboard of major thirds tuning for six-string guitar.svg

In standard tuning, the successive open-strings mix two types of intervals, four perfect-fourths and the major third between the G and B strings:

:E2–A2–D3–G3–B3–E4.

Only major thirds occur as open-string intervals for major-thirds tuning, which is also called "major-third tuning", "all-thirds tuning", and "M3 tuning". The most viable M3 tunings are:

:*E2-G#2-C3-E3-G#3-C4

:*F2-A2-C#3-F3-A3-C#4

:*F#2-A#2-D3-F#3-A#3-D4

:*G2-B2-D#3-G3-B3-D#4

:*G#2-C3-E3-G#3-C4-E4

All of these tunings reduce the overall range of the instrument a bit: the first takes a M3 off the top of the range, and the last takes a M3 off the bottom of the range. One popular M3 tuning has the open strings:

:G{{music|#}}2–C3–E3–G{{music|#}}3–C4–E4,

which some guitarists have applied to the top six strings of a seven string guitar, with the low seventh string tuned to the low E, to restore the standard E–E range.

While M3 tuning can use standard sets of guitar strings,{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=4}} specialized string gauges have been recommended.{{cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.music.makers.guitar.jazz/6fB5Xcrw74E/Z0ZkWRok7T4J|title=Tuning in all thirds|publisher=rec.music.makers.guitar.jazz|date=4 April 2004|access-date=10 December 2012|author-link=Ralph Patt|last=Patt|first=Ralph}}{{harvtxt|Kirkeby|2012|loc=[http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/strings.html "Strings"]}}

The middle tunings are a compromise, each losing a note or two off both the top and the bottom of the range. For example, for six-string guitars, the M3 tuning:

:F{{music|#}}2–A{{music|#}}2–D3–F{{music|#}}3–A{{music|#}}3–D4

loses the two lowest semitones on the low-E string and the two highest semitones from the high-E string in standard tuning; it can use string sets for standard tuning.

Regardless of which note is chosen to start the tuning sequence, there are only four distinct sets of open-note pitch classes. The major-thirds tunings respectively have the open notes : {E, G#, C}, {F, A, C#}, {F#, A#, D}, and {G, B, D#}

Image:Chords in major-thirds tuning C, D, G, minor, major, dominant seventh.svg

File:Shift C-major chord three strings in major thirds tuning on six-string guitar.svg

File:First and second inversions of C-major chord on six-string guitar with major-thirds tuning.png

Major-thirds tunings require less hand-stretching than other tunings, because each M3 tuning packs the octave's twelve notes into four consecutive frets. The major-third intervals allow major chords and minor chords to be played with two–three consecutive fingers on two consecutive frets. Every major-thirds tuning is regular and repetitive, two properties that facilitate learning by beginners and improvisation by advanced guitarists.{{harvtxt|Kirkeby|2012}}

In major-thirds tuning, the chromatic scale is arranged on three consecutive strings in four consecutive frets.{{harvtxt|Peterson|2002|pp=36–37}} This four-fret arrangement facilitates the left-hand technique for classical (Spanish) guitar:{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=9}} For each hand position of four frets, the hand is stationary and the fingers move, each finger being responsible for one fret. Consequently, three hand-positions (covering frets 1–4, 5–8, and 9–12) partition the fingerboard of classical guitar, which has exactly 12 frets.

Only two or three frets are needed for the guitar chords—major, minor, and dominant sevenths—which are emphasized in introductions to guitar-playing and to the fundamentals of music.{{harvtxt|Mead|2002|pp=28 and 81}}{{harvtxt|Duckworth|2007|p=339}} Each major and minor chord can be played on two successive frets on three successive strings, and therefore each needs only two fingers. Other chords—seconds, fourths, sevenths, and ninths—are played on only three successive frets.{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=2}} For fundamental-chord fingerings, major-thirds tuning's simplicity and consistency are not shared by standard tuning, whose seventh-chord fingering is discussed at the end of this section.

Each major-thirds tuning repeats its open notes after every two strings, which results in two copies of the three open strings' notes, each in a different octave. This repetition again simplifies the learning of chords and improvisation.{{harvtxt|Kirkeby|2012}} This advantage is not shared by two popular regular-tunings, all-fourths and all-fifths tuning.

Chord inversion is especially simple in major-thirds tuning. Chords are inverted simply by raising one or two notes by three strings. The raised notes are played with the same finger as the original notes. Thus, major and minor chords are played on two frets in M3 tuning even when they are inverted. In contrast, inversions of chords in standard tuning require three fingers on a span of four frets,{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=10}} in standard tuning, the shape of inversions depends on the involvement of the irregular major-third.

{{clear}}

{{multiple image|width=148

|image1=Standard diagonal shifting of C major chord.png

|image2=Diagonal shift of C-major chord in major-thirds tuning.svg

|footer=C major chords in standard and M3 tuningsClassical guitars have 12 frets, while steel-string acoustics have 14 or more {{harv|Denyer|1992|p=45}}. Electric guitars have more frets, for example 20 {{harv|Denyer|1992|p=77}}.}}

In each regular tuning, the musical intervals are the same for each pair of consecutive strings. Other regular tunings include all-fourths, augmented-fourths, and all-fifths tunings. For each regular tuning, chord patterns may be moved around the fretboard,{{harvtxt|Sethares|2001|p=52}} a property that simplifies beginners' learning of chords and advanced players' improvisation.

In contrast, chords cannot be shifted around the fretboard in standard tuning, which requires four chord-shapes for the major chords: There are separate fingerings for chords having root notes on one of the four strings three–six.

The repetition of the major-thirds tuning enables notes and chords to be raised one octave by being vertically shifted by three strings.{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=3}} Notes and chords may be shifted diagonally in major-thirds tuning, by combining a vertical shift of one string with a horizontal shift of four frets:{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|pp=9–10}} "Like all regular tunings, chords in the major

third tuning can be moved across the fretboard (ascending or descending a major third for each

string)...."

In standard tuning, playing scales of one octave requires three patterns, which depend on the string of the root note.{{harvtxt|Denyer|1992|p=105}} Chords cannot be shifted diagonally without changing finger-patterns. Standard tuning has four finger-patterns for musical intervals,{{harvtxt|Denyer|1992|p=119}} four forms for basic major-chords,{{harvtxt|Denyer|1992|pp=74–75}} and three forms for the inversion of the basic major-chords.{{harvtxt|Denyer|1992|p=121}}

{{clear}}

{

\clef "treble_8"

\time 6/4

< c, e, aes, c e aes c' e' aes' >1.

||

< c, e, aes, >2

4

4

4

< c, e, aes, >4

||

< c e aes >2

4

4

4

< c e aes >4

||

2

4

4

4

< c' e' aes' >4

||

1.

}

File:Sevenths via tertian harmonization of major scale on C minor on A.svg]]

Major-thirds tunings are unconventional open tunings, in which the open strings form an augmented triad. In M3 tunings, the augmented fifth replaces the perfect fifth of the major triad, which is used in conventional open-tunings. For example, the C-augmented triad (C, E, G{{music|sharp}}) has a G{{music|sharp}} in place of the C-major triad's G. (The note G{{music|sharp}} is enharmonically equivalent to A{{music|flat}}, as noted above.) Consequently, M3 tunings are also called (open) augmented-fifth tunings (in French "La guitare #5, majeure quinte augmentée").{{cite web|title=Sommaire du site musical (French: Summary of the musical site)|url=http://zemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr/jm.somm.html|first=Patrick|last=Zemb|date=15 August 2007|access-date=29 August 2012|id=[https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fzemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr%2Findex.html&act=url English machine-translation]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624150331/http://zemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr/jm.somm.html|archive-date=24 June 2013|url-status=dead}}

Instructional literature uses standard tuning. Traditionally a course begins with the hand in first position,{{harvtxt|White|2005}} that is, with the left-hand covering frets 1–4.{{harvtxt|Denyer|1992|p=72}} Beginning players first learn open chords belonging to the major keys C, G, and D. Guitarists who play mainly open chords in these three major-keys and their relative minor-keys (Am, Em, Bm) may prefer standard tuning over an M3 tuning.{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=5}} In particular, hobbyists playing folk music around a campfire are well served by standard tuning. Such hobbyists may also play major-thirds tuning, which also has many open chords with notes on five or six strings;{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|pp=13, with listing on pp. 20–21}}{{harvtxt|Sethares|2001|loc="The major third tuning" (pp. 56–57), listing on p. 57}} chords with five-six strings have greater volume than chords with three-four strings and so are useful for acoustic guitars (for example, acoustic-electric guitars without amplification).

Intermediate guitarists do not limit themselves to one hand-position, and consequently open chords are only part of their chordal repertoire. In contemporary music, master guitarists "think diagonally and move up and down the strings"; fluency on the entire fretboard is needed particularly by guitarists playing jazz. According to its inventor, Ralph Patt, major-thirds tuning

makes the hard things easy and the easy things hard. ... This is never going to take the place of folk guitar, and it's not meant to. For difficult music, and for where we are going in free jazz and even the old be-bop jazz, this is a much easier way to play.

{{Main|Left-handed tuning}}

Major-thirds tuning is closely related to minor-sixths tuning, which is the regular tuning that is based on the minor sixth, the interval of eight semitones. Either ascending by a major third or by descending by a minor sixth, one arrives at the same pitch class, the same note representing pitches in different octaves. Intervals paired like the pair of major-third and minor-sixth intervals are termed "inverse intervals" in the theory of music.{{harvtxt|Duckworth|2007|pp=128–129}} Consequently, chord charts for minor-sixths tunings may be used for left-handed major-thirds tunings; conversely, chord charts for major-thirds tunings may be used for left-handed minor-sixths tunings.{{harvtxt|Sethares|2001|p=53}}

File:C7 chord and alternative voicing for EADG (standard and all-fourths) tuning for six string guitar.svg

Major-thirds tuning facilitates playing chords with closed voicings. In contrast, standard tuning would require more hand-stretching to play closed-voice seventh chords, and so standard tuning uses open voicings for many four-note chords, for example of dominant seventh chords. By definition, a dominant seventh is a four-note chord combining a major chord and a minor seventh. For example, the C7 seventh chord combines the C-major chord {C, E, G} with B{{music|b}}. In standard tuning, extending the root-bass C-major chord (C, E, G) to a C7 chord (C, E, G, B{{music|b}}) would span six frets (3–8); such seventh chords "contain some pretty serious stretches in the left hand".{{harvtxt|Kolb|2005|p=37}} An illustration shows this C7 voicing (C, E, G, B{{music|b}}), which would be extremely difficult to play in standard tuning, besides the openly voiced C7-chord that is conventional in standard tuning: This open-position C7 chord is termed a second-inversion C7 drop 2 chord (C, G, B{{music|b}}, E), because the second-highest note (C) in the second-inversion C7 chord (G, B{{music|b}}, C, E) is lowered by an octave.{{harvtxt|Smith|1980|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hFnuFF-_jVAC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92 92–93]}}{{harvtxt|Fisher|2002|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hrfQmL2NsSMC&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31 30–33]}}The illustration designates B-flat (musical note) by its enharmonic equivalent, A-sharp (musical note). Guitar fretboards use (twelve-tone) equal-temperament tuning, in which B{{music|flat}} and A{{music|sharp}} denote the same pitch. These notes represent distinct pitches in tuning systems that are not equally tempered.

{{clear}}

While major thirds tuning confers the numerous advantages detailed above, it also introduces certain disadvantages, as compared to the instrument's standard tuning:

:* M3 tuning decreases the overall range of the guitar (this is why some players eventually resorted to 7- and 8- string instruments, to regain that lost range)

:* M3 simplifies the voicing of chords in close harmony, but it makes certain common voicings in open harmony more difficult, or even impossible

:* M3 facilitates moving 3- and 4-note chords up or down an octave, but it makes the fingerings for 5- and 6-note multi-octave chords more complex and awkward.

Image:Tuning ADGBE5 ADGBE0.svg

{{Main|Ralph Patt|Kurt Szul}}

Major-thirds tuning was introduced in 1964 by jazz guitarist Ralph Patt. He was studying with Gunther Schuller, whose twelve-tone technique was invented for atonal composition by his teacher, Arnold Schoenberg. Patt was also inspired by the free jazz of Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane. Seeking a guitar tuning that would facilitate improvisation using twelve tones, he introduced major-thirds tuning by 1964,{{harvtxt|Kirkeby|2012}}{{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=1}}{{harvtxt|Patt|2008}} perhaps in 1963.{{harvtxt|Peterson|2002|p=36}} To achieve the E−E open-string range of standard (Spanish) tuning,{{harvtxt|Peterson|2002|p=37}} Patt started using seven-string guitars in 1963, before settling on eight-string guitars with high G{{music|sharp}} (equivalently A{{music|flat}}) as their highest open-notes. Patt used major-thirds tuning during all of his work as a session musician after 1965 in New York. Patt developed a webpage with extensive information about major-thirds tuning.{{harvtxt|Sethares|2012}}

{{clear}}

{{Portal|Jazz|Music}}

• Minor-thirds tuning
• Repetitive open-tunings approximate M3 tunings:
• Non-Spanish classical guitars:
• English: Its open-C tuning C–E–G–C–E–G approximates C–E–G{{music|sharp}}–C–E–G{{music|sharp}}
• Russian: Its 7-string open-G tuning G–B–D–G–B–D–G approximates G–B–D{{music|sharp}}–G–B–D{{music|sharp}}–G
• Other open tunings
• Open A tuning: E–A–C{{music|sharp}}–E–A–C{{music|sharp}} approximates F–A–C{{music|sharp}}–F–A–C{{music|sharp}}
• Open B tuning: F{{music|sharp}}–B–D{{music|sharp}}–F{{music|sharp}}–B–D{{music|sharp}} approximates G–B–D{{music|sharp}}–G–B–D{{music|sharp}}
• Open C tuning: C–E–G–C–E–G approximates C–E–G{{music|sharp}}–C–E–G{{music|sharp}}
• Open D tuning: D–F{{music|sharp}}–A–D–F{{music|sharp}}–A approximates D–F{{music|sharp}}–A{{music|sharp}}–D–F{{music|sharp}}–A{{music|sharp}}
• Open E tuning: E–G{{music|sharp}}–B–E–G{{music|sharp}}–B approximates E–G{{music|sharp}}–C–E–G{{music|sharp}}–C
• Open F tuning: F–A–C–F–A–C approximates F–A–C{{music|sharp}}–F–A–C{{music|sharp}}
• Open G tuning: G–B–D–G–B–D approximates G–B–D{{music|sharp}}–G–B–D{{music|sharp}}

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• {{Cite book

| title = The guitar handbook: The essential encyclopedia for every guitar player

| first = Ralph

| last = Denyer

| others = Special contributors Isaac Guillory and Alastair M. Crawford

| pages =65–160

| chapter=Playing the guitar

| isbn =978-0330327503

| location = London and Sydney

| publisher = Pan Books

| edition= Fully revised and updated

| year = 1992

| orig-year=1982

}}

• {{cite book|last=Duckworth|first=William|author-link=William Duckworth (composer)|title=A creative approach to music fundamentals: Includes keyboard and guitar insert|url=https://archive.org/details/creativeapproach00will|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/creativeapproach00will/page/1 1–384]|publisher=Thomson Schirmer|edition=ninth|year=2007|isbn=9780495090939}}
• {{cite book|last=Fisher|first=Jody|year=2002|chapter=Chapter Five: Expanding your 7 chord vocabulary|title=Jazz guitar harmony: Take the mystery out of jazz harmony|publisher=Alfred Music Publishing|pages=26–33|isbn=9780739024683}}
• {{citation|last=Griewank|first=Andreas|title=Tuning guitars and reading music in major thirds|date=1 January 2010|url=http://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-matheon/frontdoor/index/index/docId/675|series=Matheon preprints|volume=695|publisher=DFG research center "MATHEON, Mathematics for key technologies"|location=Berlin|id=MSC-Classification 97M80 Arts. Music. Language. Architecture. {{URN|nbn|de:0296-matheon-6755}}. [http://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-matheon/files/675/7047_mathtune.ps Postscript file] and [http://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-matheon/files/675/7046_mathtune.pdf Pdf file]}}
• {{cite web|first=Ole|last=Kirkeby|date=1 March 2012|title=Major thirds tuning|access-date=10 June 2012|url=http://v3p1.m3guitar.com/html/tuning.html|publisher=m3guitar.com|id=cited by {{harvtxt|Sethares|2012}} and {{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=1}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030003515/http://v3p1.m3guitar.com/html/tuning.html|archive-date=30 October 2015|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book|first=Tom|last=Kolb|title=Music theory|series=Hal Leonard Guitar Method|year=2005|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|pages=1–104|isbn=978-0634066511}}
• {{cite book|last=Mead|first=David|year=2002|title=Chords and scales for guitarists|publisher=Bobcat Books Limited: SMT|location=London|isbn=978-1860744327}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.ralphpatt.com/Tune.html|first=Ralph|last=Patt|author-link=Ralph Patt|publisher=ralphpatt.com|work=Ralph Patt's jazz web page|title=The major 3rd tuning|date=14 April 2008|access-date=10 June 2012|id=cited by {{harvtxt|Sethares|2012}} and {{harvtxt|Griewank|2010|p=1}}}}
• {{cite journal|title=Tuning in thirds: A new approach to playing leads to a new kind of guitar |first=Jonathon |last=Peterson |location=Tacoma, Washington|url=http://www.luth.org/backissues/al69-72/al72.htm |journal=American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers |publisher=The Guild of American Luthiers |issn=1041-7176 |volume=72 |issue=Winter |year=2002 |access-date=9 October 2012 |pages=36–43 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021185726/http://www.luth.org/backissues/al69-72/al72.htm |archive-date=21 October 2011 }}
• {{cite book|year=2001|chapter=Regular tunings|title=Alternate tuning guide|first=Bill|last=Sethares|author-link=William Sethares|pages=52–67|url=http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/regulartunings.pdf|publisher=University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering|location=Madison, Wisconsin|access-date=19 May 2012}}
• {{cite web|title=Alternate tuning guide|first=William A.|last=Sethares|author-link=William Sethares|date=18 May 2012|url=http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alternatetunings.html|publisher=University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering|location=Madison, Wisconsin|access-date=8 December 2012}}
• {{cite book|chapter=XVII: Upper structure inversions of the dominant seventh chords|title=Mel Bay's complete Johnny Smith approach to guitar|series=Complete|first=Johnny|last=Smith|author-link=Johnny Smith|publisher=Mel Bay Publications|year=1980|pages=1–256|isbn=978-15622-2239-0}}
• {{cite journal|journal= Berklee Today|title=Reading skills: The guitarist's nemesis?|first=Mark|last=White|url=http://www.berklee.edu/bt/172/lesson.html|volume=72|year=2005|publisher=Berklee College of Music|issn=1052-3839|location=Boston, Massachusetts}}

{{div col end}}

• {{cite book|date=10 January 2009|title=Alternate tuning guide|first=Bill|last=Sethares|author-link=William Sethares|url=http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alltunings.pdf|orig-year=2001|publisher=University of Wisconsin; Department of Electrical Engineering|location=Madison, Wisconsin|access-date=19 May 2012|ref=none}}

{{commons category|Major-thirds tuning}}

• {{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMajor_thirds_tuning_guitar_chords_1.pdf|first=Kiefer|last=Wolfowitz|date=2 May 2013|orig-year=26 August 2012

|title=Chord diagrams for major-thirds tuning|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|work=Wikimedia Commons|id=Dictionary of chords (major, minor, dominant sevenths); diagrams of sevenths (major, minor, dominant, half-diminished) arising in the tertian harmonization of the major scale on C; etc.|access-date=30 April 2013|ref=none}}

• Professors Andreas Griewank and William Sethares each recommend discussions of major-thirds tuning by two jazz-guitarists, {{harv|Sethares|2012|loc="[http://sethares.engr.wisc.edu/alternatetunings/alternatetunings.html Regular tunings]"}} and {{harv|Griewank|2010|p=1}}:
• Ole Kirkeby for [https://web.archive.org/web/20120529074627/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/ 6- and 7-string guitars]: Charts of [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726002836/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/fretmaps_intervals.html intervals], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120725085754/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/fretmaps_chords_major.html major], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120725085759/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/fretmaps_chords_minor.html minor], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208010431/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/fretmaps_chords_dominant.html dominant chords]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120725090129/http://v3p0.m3guitar.com/html/strings.html recommended gauges for strings].
• Ralph Patt for [http://www.ralphpatt.com/Tune.html 6-, 7-, and 8-string guitars]: Charts of [http://www.ralphpatt.com/Tune/Scales.html scales], [http://www.ralphpatt.com/Tune/Chords.html chords], and [http://www.ralphpatt.com/Tune/Prog.html chord-progressions]; [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.music.makers.guitar.jazz/6fB5Xcrw74E/Z0ZkWRok7T4J string gauges].
• Three other jazz-guitar websites:
• {{cite web|first=Alexandre|last=Oberlin|title=Tuning your guitar in major thirds: Tune afresh and improvise!|date=3 October 2012|access-date=8 December 2012|url=http://www.migo.info/music/major_third_guitar_tuning.xhtml_en.html|id=Clear chord-diagrams. [http://www.migo.info/music/major_third_guitar_tuning.xhtml_fr.html (Available in French)]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319090729/http://www.migo.info/music/major_third_guitar_tuning.xhtml_en.html|archive-date=19 March 2014|url-status=dead|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|title=Sommaire du site musical (French: Summary of the musical site)|url=http://zemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr/jm.somm.html|first=Patrick|last=Zemb|date=15 August 2007|access-date=29 August 2012|id=[https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=2&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fzemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr%2Findex.html&act=url English machine-translation]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624150331/http://zemb.patrick.pagesperso-orange.fr/jm.somm.html|archive-date=24 June 2013|url-status=dead|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|title=M3 Guitar|url=https://www.tonycorman.com/m3-guitar|first=Tony|last=Corman|date=23 August 2021|access-date=23 August 2021|id=Free downloadable method book.|url-status=dead|ref=none|archive-date=23 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823191701/https://www.tonycorman.com/m3-guitar}}
• {{cite web|title=Major thirds|id=Tuner, scales, and chords for M3 tunings: [http://www.gtdb.org/tuner/g-sharp-ceg-sharp-ce G{{music|sharp}}-C-E-G{{music|sharp}}-C-E] ("most popular") and [http://www.gtdb.org/tuner/f-sharp-a-sharp-df-sharp-a-sharp-d F{{music|sharp}}-A{{music|sharp}}-D-F{{music|sharp}}-A{{music|sharp}}-D] ("for beginners")|access-date=21 December 2012|author=Guitar Tunings Database|url=http://www.gtdb.org|year=2012|ref=none}}
• {{YouTube|gGKKeOirnnQ|Video tutorial on major and minor chords in major-thirds tuning}}
• {{cite book|first=Keith|last=Bromley|title=Chord shapes for major-thirds (M3) tuning on a 7-string guitar |url=http://www.keith.bromley.name/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/M3_Guitar.pdf|date=October 2013|access-date=9 November 2013|ref=none}}

{{Guitar tunings|Regular}}

Category:Regular guitar-tunings

Category:Repetitive guitar-tunings

Category:Jazz guitar