Makasib

Sheikh Morteza Ansari (1781, Dezful – 1864, Najaf) was one of the most influential Shia scholars of the 19th century. He trained more than a thousand students.{{cite web|title=Sheikh Murteza Ansari|url=http://tahoor.com/en/Article/PrintView/116391|website=Tahoor Islamic Encyclopedia|accessdate=21 November 2016}} He was the leading Shia scholar in the late Qajar period.{{cite book|first=Daisy Hilse|last=Dwyer|title=Law and Islam in the Middle East|year=1990|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-SlpBF145UC&pg=PA123|isbn=0897891511}} After Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, Ansari became the general Marja' of Shia. Two of his most significant works are Makasib and Faraed al-Osul, which are both used as textbooks on Shia law.{{cite book|editor-last=Esposito|editor-first=John L.|title=The Oxford History of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HUDXkJIE3EC&pg=PA118|year=2000|isbn=0199880417}}

This book has three sections. The first section is about forbidden transactions ({{langx|ar|مکاسب المحرمه|links=no}}), the second is about sale ({{langx|ar|بیع|links=no}}), and the third is about options in the sale ({{langx|ar|خیارات|links=no}}). The end of the book is devoted to other issues, such as Taqiya, inheritance, and rada.{{cite web|last1=Mohamadreza Zamiri|title=Makasib|url=http://www.andisheqom.com/public/application/index/viewData?c=7341&t=article|website=Thought of Qom|publisher=Qom Seminary|accessdate=20 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424122053/http://andisheqom.com/public/application/index/viewData?c=7341&t=article|archive-date=24 April 2015|url-status=dead}}

Makasib has been the subject of commentaries by Sheikh Abbas Qomi,{{cite news|last1=Arsalan Rizvi|title=Shaikh Abbas Qummi|url=http://www.islamicinsights.com/religion/history/shaikh-abbas-qummi.html|accessdate=20 November 2016|agency=Islamic Insights}} Akhund Khorasani,{{cite web|title=Commentary of Makasib|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/view/fa/book/bookview/image/493|publisher=Noor digital library|accessdate=20 November 2016}} Muhammad Hossein Naini,{{cite web|last1=Muhammad Hossein Naini|title=Commentary of Makasib|url=http://www.lib.ir/book/67885925/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%A8--%D8%AD%D8%A7-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7/|accessdate=21 November 2016}} Agha Zia Addin Araghi,{{cite web|title=Ayatollah Uzma Agha Zia Addin Aragghi|url=http://www.hawzah.net/fa/Magazine/View/6435/6865/82473/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%82%D8%A7-%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87|website=Seminary News|accessdate=21 November 2016}} Mirza Abu'l-Hassan Azarbaijani Meshkini,{{cite web|last1=Syed Ali Shahbaz|title=Prominent Shia Ulama|url=http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=10854|website=Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|accessdate=21 November 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324100802/http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=10854|archivedate=24 March 2016}} and Sheikh Mousavi Khansari.{{cite web|title=Hujjat al-Islam Husain Ansariyan|url=http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=4744|website=Imam Reza (A.S.) Network|accessdate=21 November 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728113552/http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=4744|archivedate=28 July 2016}}

The first edition of the book was completed in Tehran, 1886–7. The second edition was completed in Qom, and the last and popular (incomplete) edition was written by Muḥammad Kalāntar in five volumes in Najaf, 1972–5.{{cite web|last1=Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali|title=Anṣārī, Murtaḍā b. Muḥammad|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/ansari-murtada-b-muhammad-COM_26346?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=Makasib|website=Brill|accessdate=21 November 2016}}

There are numerous corrected editions of Makasib. One of the editions was done by the Shaykh Ansari Congress; the first volume was published by 1415 AH and other volumes, namely, volumes 2–6, were gradually published until 1420 AH. The corrected edition was produced using one manuscript version and six printed ones. Another corrected edition was done by Hossein Amr Allahi and Muhammad Reza Fakir and issued by the institute of Islamic publication in Qom.{{cite book|title=Correction and its approach with one glance to Makasib book|url=http://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/77813/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%ad%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%88-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%af%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%ad%db%8c%d8%ad-%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%85%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a8?q=%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8&score=5.2614784&rownumber=8|author=Sayyed Muhammad Javad Shobayri Zanjani|year=2000|pages=42–43}}

• Usul al-Fiqh
• Ayatollah Khomeini

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Category:Islamic literature

Category:Islamic economic jurisprudence

Category:1880s books

Category:Shia fiqh