Maksim Bahdanovich
{{short description|Belarusian writer}}
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{{More citations needed|date=April 2011}}
{{Expand be-tarask|Максім Багдановіч|date=February 2021}}
{{Expand Russian|topic=bio|date=February 2021}}
{{expand Belarusian|topic=bio|date=May 2023}}
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{{Infobox writer
| name = Maksim Bahdanovich
| native_name = {{lang|be|Максім Багдановіч}}
| image = Bagdanovich M 4.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| pseudonym = Maksim Knizhnik ({{lang|be|Максім Кніжнік}})
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|12|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Minsk, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire (now Belarus)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1917|05|25|1891|12|09|df=yes}}
| death_place = Yalta, Taurida Governorate, Russia (now Ukraine)
| occupation = poet, publicist, translator, literary critic
| period = 1907–1917
| genre = verse, poem
| subject =
| movement = Impressionism, symbolism
| signature =
| website =
}}
File:Дзве песні М. Багдановіча.jpg
Maksim Adamavich Bahdanovich ({{langx|be|Максім Адамавіч Багдановіч}}, {{IPA|be|makˈsʲim aˈdamavʲid͡ʐ baɣdaˈnɔvʲit͡ɕ|IPA}}; {{langx|ru|Максим Адамович Богданович|translit=Maksim Adamovich Bogdanovich}}; 9 December 1891 – 25 May 1917) was a Belarusian poet, journalist, translator, literary critic and historian of literature. He is considered one of the founders of the modern Belarusian literature.[http://archives.gov.by/index.php?id=898926 Maksim Bahdanovich: life and works (Максім Багдановіч: асоба і творчасць)]. Archives of Belarus.
Life
Bahdanovich was born in Minsk in the family of Adam Bahdanovič, an important Belarusian ethnographer, who through most of his career worked as a bank clerk. Maksim was born in a family apartment at Karakazov House located at Trinity Hill next to the First Parish School. His father was of unlanded peasantry family, while his mother (née Myakota) was of old Belarusian noble family of Kurcz coat of arms that was not adopted in the Russian Empire. Grandfather on his mother side, Apanas Janovich Myakota, was a Russian veteran of the Crimean War who for his military service received a lifelong nobility. Both of Maksim parents graduated pedagogical schools. Later father of Maksim, Adam, was involved with members of the revolutionary anti-tsarist Narodnaya Volya organization.
In 1892, the family moved to Hrodna where Maksim's father received a job at local bank. Soon after the move the future poet's mother, Maria, died of tuberculosis in 1896.
In 1896, Adam Bahdanovich moved with his children to Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. At that time Maksim wrote his first poems in the Belarusian language. In 1902 Bahdanovich attended a gymnasium. During the Revolution of 1905 he was an active participant of the strikes organised by his commilitodes.
In 1907, Nasha Niva came out with Bahdanovich's first published work — the novel Muzyka.
In June 1908, the poet's family moved to Yaroslavl'. After finishing school in 1911 Bahdanovich went to Belarus to meet important figures of the Belarusian Renaissance: Vaclau Lastouski, Ivan Luckievič and Anton Luckievich.
In the same year he began studying of law at a Yaroslavl' lyceum. During his studies Bahdanovich worked at a newspaper, wrote numerous works of literature and was actively published in both Belarus and Russia.
In the beginning of 1914, his only book of poems, Vianok (A Wreath), was published in Vilna (today Vilnius).
In the summer of 1916, after absolvation of the lyceum, Maksim Bahdanovich moved to Minsk and worked there at the local guberniya administration.
In February 1917, Bahdanovich went to Crimea to be treated for tuberculosis. The treatment was unsuccessful, and that year he died in Yalta.
The poet's papers were kept at his father's house, but the collection was heavily damaged during the Russian Civil War in 1918.
Belarusian literature
File:Maxim Bogdanovich 1916 by Viktar Shmataŭ 1981.JPG (1916) ]]
In 1991–1995 a full collection of Bahdanovich's poetry was published in Belarus.
Nowadays there are museums of the poet open in Minsk (Maksim Bahdanovich Literary Museum), Hrodna and Yaroslavl'. Several streets in major cities of Belarus and Russia are named after him.
The operas Zorka Venera (by Jury Siemianiaka and Ales' Bachyla), and Maksim (by Ihar Palivoda).
Bahdanovich created many examples of social, artistic and philosophical lyrics. He was the first poet to introduce several new lyrical forms to Belarusian literature.
Maksim Bahdanovich was a translator of Paul Verlaine, Heinrich Heine, Alexander Pushkin, Ovid, Horace and other poets into Belarusian and of Janka Kupala, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko into Russian.
Literary work
In 1916, Maksim Bahdanovich wrote a poem “Pahonia”.{{Cite web|last=Багдановіч|first=Максім|date=|title=Пагоня|url=https://be.wikisource.org/wiki/Пагоня|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}} The music was written by a Belarusian composer and immigrant activist Mikalay Shchahlou-Kulikovich.{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=7 December 2007|title=Імёны Свабоды: Мікола Шчаглоў-Куліковіч|newspaper=Радыё Свабода|url=https://www.svaboda.org/a/769414.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=|last1=Свабода|first1=Радыё}} The song was originally meant to be sung a capella.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=У Беларусі з'явіўся нацыянальны гімн "Пагоня" ў выкананні аркестра і хору|url=https://symbal.by/himn-belarus/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}} Mikola Ravienski, {{Interlanguage link|Aliaksiej Turankoŭ|lt=Aliaksiej Turankoŭ|be-tarask|Аляксей Туранкоў}} and Vladimir Mulyavin also wrote their own musical arrangements. In the early 1990s, Shchahlou-Kulikovich’s version was considered as one of the options for the national anthem of the Republic of Belarus. In 2020, under the patronage of Anton Mezhy a choral performance of the anthem was recorded with an orchestra accompaniment.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=28 November 2019|title=Нацыянальны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь "Пагоня" (lyric video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc6VYsjj4AI|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=YouTube}}
In 2020, the "Pahonia" anthem and the poem resurged in popularity as one of the symbols of the 2020 Belarusian protests against the Lukashenko regime, along with the white-red-white flag. The anthem was spontaneously performed in several public places: near the Belarusian State Philharmonic, in malls, in the Minsk subway, at the Minsk {{Interlanguage link|Kamaroŭski market|lt=Kamaroŭski market|be-tarask|Камароўскі рынак}}, and at the Minsk railway station.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Maksim Bahdanovich}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Rich |first1=Vera |title=Maksim Bahdanovic in Byelorussian Literature |journal=The Journal of Belarusian Studies |date=1965 |volume=I |issue=I |pages=36–50 |doi=10.30965/20526512-00101006 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bela/1/1/article-p36_6.xml |access-date=21 May 2024 |author1-link=Vera Rich |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511185406/http://knihi.com/bahdanovic/ Works of Maksim Bahdanovich at the Belaruskaia Palichka]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050210110629/http://nacbibl.org.by/bogdan/en/ Maksim Bahdanovich Literary Museum]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511195820/http://knihi.com/bahdanovic/ikonnik-ger.html Maksim Bahdanovich's poems translated into German]
- {{Librivox author |id=8495}}
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Category:People from Minsky Uyezd
Category:20th-century Belarusian poets
Category:Translators from Ukrainian
Category:Translators from French
Category:Translators to Belarusian
Category:Translators from Russian
Category:Translators of Alexander Pushkin
Category:Belarusian-language writers
Category:Belarusian male poets
Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis