Mali–Senegal border

File:Mali-Senegal_border_map.png

The Mali–Senegal border is 489 km (304 m) in length and runs from the tripoint with Mauritania in the north to the tripoint with Guinea in the south.{{citation |url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/|title=CIA World Factbook – Mali|access-date= 17 January 2020}}

Description

The border begins in the north at the tripoint with Mauritania at the confluence of the Senegal River and Falémé River. It then follows the latter for some distance southwards, before proceeding overland for a stretch, before rejoining the Falémé, which it then follows down to the tripoint with Guinea.{{Cite book|title=African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia|last=Brownlie|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Brownlie|publisher=Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co.|year=1979|pages= 422–26}}

History

France had begun settling on the coast of modern Senegal in the 17th century, gradually extending their rule further inland during the mid-1800s onward.{{citation |url= https://fall.fsulawrc.com/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS151.pdf|title=International Boundary Study No. 151 – Mali-Senegal Boundary|date=10 April 1975|access-date=17 January 2020}}Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, p. 46. Published by Edinburgh University Press (1968). {{ISBN|0-85224-029-5}} The areas east of the Falémé river (i.e. roughly modern Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger) were originally under Senegalese administration as Upper Senegal, but were split off as French Sudan in 1893. Both Senegal and French Sudan later became constituent of the federal colony of French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, abbreviated AOF).Decree 7 September 1911, rattachant le territoire militaire du Niger au gouvernement général de l'Afrique occidentale française, published in the Official Journal of the French Republic on 12 Septembre 1911 ([http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64170278/f13.image Online]) The boundary between French Sudan and Senegal was drawn up in 1895.

As the movement for decolonisation grew in the post-Second World War era, France gradually granted more political rights and representation for their sub-Saharan African colonies, culminating in the granting of broad internal autonomy to French West Africa in 1958 within the framework of the French Community.{{cite book|last1=Haine|first1=Scott|title=The History of France|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=0-313-30328-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain/page/183 183]|edition=1st|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/historyoffrance00hain}} Eventually, in 1960, both Senegal and Mali were granted full independence, originally as the short-lived Mali Federation.