Mamberamo sunbird
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image2 =
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| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Cinnyris
| species = idenburgi
| authority = Rand, 1940
}}
The Mamberamo sunbird or Rand's sunbird, (Cinnyris idenburgi) is a species of bird in the sunbird family Nectariniidae that is found in northern New Guinea. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird, now renamed the garden sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis).
Taxonomy
The Mamberamo sunbird was formally described in 1940 by the Canadian zoologist Austin L. Rand based on specimens that had been collected near the Idenburg River (now the Taritatu River), a tributary of the Mamberamo River in northern New Guinea. Rand considered it to be a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird, now renamed the garden sunbird, and coined the trinomial name Cinnyris jugularis idenburgi.{{ cite journal | last=Rand | first=Austin L. | author-link=Austin L. Rand | date=1940 | title=Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 25. New Birds from the 1938-1939 expedition | journal =American Museum Novitates | issue=1072 | page=12 | hdl=2246/3717 | url=http://hdl.handle.net/2246/3717 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1986 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=12 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages=246–247 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482363 }} The Mamberamo sunbird is now treated as a separate species based on the difference in the colouring of the male plumage.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=December 2023 | title=Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=26 January 2024 }}{{cite journal | last1=Cheke | first1=R. | last2=Mann | first2=C. | last3=Kirwan | first3=G.M. | last4=Christie | first4=D.A. | year=2023 | title=Mamberamo Sunbird (Cinnyris idenburgi), version 1.0 | editor1-last=Keeney | editor1-first=B.K. | editor2-last=Billerman | editor2-first=S.M. | journal=Birds of the World | location=Ithaca, NY, USA | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | doi=10.2173/bow.olbsun9.01 | url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.olbsun9.01 | access-date=26 January 2024 | url-access=subscription }} The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
Description
The Mamberamo sunbird is {{cvt|10|-|11.4|cm}} in length. The male weighs {{cvt|6.7|-|11.9|g}}, the female {{cvt|6|-|10|g}}. The species is sexual dimorphic. The male is dark olive-green above with black remiges and a black tail with the outer feathers tipped with grey. The {{Birdgloss|pectoral_tufts}} are orange. The underparts are black with a blue-green gloss. The iris is dark brown and the legs are black. The female is pale brown above, yellow below with a whitish throat.{{ cite book | last1=Cheke | first1=R.A. | last2=Mann | first2=C.F. | year=2008 | chapter=Family Nectariniidae (Sunbirds) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Christie | editor3-first=D.A. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-96553-45-3 | pages=196–321 [296–297] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0013unse/page/296/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }} There is very little published information on this species.
Distribution and habitat
The Mamberamo sunbird is found in the north of New Guinea. It occupies various habitats including forest edge and open scrub.
Behaviour and ecology
=Breeding=
The elongated hanging nest is {{cvt|30|-|60|cm}} in length and has a hooded side entrance. It is usually placed between {{cvt|0.5|and|1.5|m}} above the ground but can occasionally be as high as {{cvt|10|m}}. It is constructed by the female using grass, bark, moss, lichens, leaf fragments, vegetable fibres and spider webs. The clutch of 1–3 eggs is incubated by the female. The eggs hatch after 11–16 days and the young are then fed by both parents. The chicks fledge after 13–16 days. Normally several broods are raised each year.