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Manilkara

{{Short description|Genus of trees}}

{{Hatnote|"Sapota" redirects here. This can also specifically refer to sapodilla Manilkara zapota.}}

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| image = Cayos pict071.jpg

| image_caption = Manilkara jaimiqui ssp. emarginata branch with developing fruit

| taxon = Manilkara

| authority = Adans., conserved nameFam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 166, 574. 1763 [Jul-Aug 1763] {{cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=331753-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Genus Manilkara |quote=Nomenclatural Notes: nom. cons. Type Name: M. kauki (Linnaeus) Dubard (Mimusops kauki Linnaeus) (typ. cons.) ; basionym of: Sapotaceae Mimusops subgen. Manilkara (Adans.) Pierre & Urb., Symb. Antill. (Urban). 5: 162. 1904 |work=IPNI |access-date=December 23, 2009}}

| type_species = Manilkara kauki

| type_species_authority = (L.) Dubard

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms = *Achras L. (rejected name){{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?13195 |title=Achras information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |quote=Comment: a rejected (nom. rej.), heterotypic synonym (Vienna ICBN Art. 14.4 & App. III) of Manilkara Adans., nom. cons. |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland |date=March 31, 2009 |access-date=December 23, 2009 |author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003070707/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?13195 |archive-date=October 3, 2012 |url-status=dead }}

  • Sapota Mill. (superfluous name)Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [unpaged]. 1754 [28 Jan 1754] {{cite web |url=http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=30041681-2 |title=Plant Name Details for Genus Sapota |quote=Nomenclatural Notes: nom. illeg. nom. superfl. Achras Linnaeus (1753). |work=IPNI |access-date=December 23, 2009}}
  • Stisseria Scop. 1777 illegitimate homonym not Stisseria Heist. ex Fabr. 1759 (Apocynaceae)
  • Hornschuchia Spreng.
  • Synarrhena Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Eichleria M.M.Hartog
  • Muriea M.M.Hartog
  • Mahea Pierre ex L.Planch.
  • Northiopsis Kaneh.
  • Shaferodendron Gilly
  • Murianthe (Baill.) Aubrév.
  • Abebaia Baehni
  • Nispero Aubrév.
  • Manilkariopsis (Gilly) Lundell
  • Chiclea Lundell
  • Mopania Lundell

}}

Manilkara is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae. They are widespread in tropical and semitropical locations, in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and Latin America, as well as various islands in the Pacific and in the Caribbean.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=120094 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families] A close relative is the genus Pouteria.

Trees of this genus yield edible fruit, useful wood, and latex. The best-known species are M. bidentata (balatá), M. chicle (chicle) and M. zapota (sapodilla). M. hexandra is the floral emblem of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province in Thailand, where it is known as rayan. M. obovata shares the vernacular name of African pear with another completely different species, Dacryodes edulis, and neither should be confused with Baillonella toxisperma, known by the very similar name, African pearwood.

Manilkara trees are often significant, or even dominant species in their native ecosystems, such as East Deccan dry evergreen forests, Central American premontane tropical wet forests, or together with Cynometra, in the Arabuko Sokoke National Park. Manilkara fruit are an important food item for various frugivores, in particular birds. The red fruit bat (Stenoderma rufum) is the primary – and possibly the only – seed disperser of M. bidentata in parts of the Caribbean. Tuckerella xiamenensis, a species of peacock mite, was described from a sapodilla tree.

Taxonomy

The generic name, Manilkara, is derived from the Malayalam word manil-kara, a vernacular name for M. kauki; it combines Manil from Manilha, the Portuguese name of Manila in the Philippines, and kara meaning "fruit".{{cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=K. E. |date=February 2013 |title=A Revision of the Asian-Pacific species of Manilkara (Sapotaceae) |url=https://journals.rbge.org.uk/ejb/article/view/1500 |journal=Edinburgh Journal of Botany |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=7–56 |doi=10.1017/S0960428612000327 |doi-access=free }}{{rp|36}}

Species

Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of December 2022:{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331753-2 |title=Manilkara Adans. |date=2022 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=17 December 2022}}

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Several species are endangered due to overexploitation and habitat destruction. M. gonavensis of Haiti and M. spectabilis of Costa Rica are almost extinct.

File:Sapota.JPG, India]]

References

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  • {{Wikispecies-inline}}

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Category:Sapotaceae genera

Category:Pantropical flora

Category:Taxa described in 1763

Category:Taxa named by Michel Adanson