Maoist insurgency in Bangladesh
{{Short description|Conflict between the People's Republic of Bangladesh and Maoist groups}}{{Not to be confused with|1972-1975 Bangladesh insurgency}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Maoist insurgency in Bangladesh
| image = Khulna in Bangladesh.svg
| image_size =
| caption = The location of Khulna Division.
| date = 1993 – present {{Cite web |title=Datasheet - Left-wing Extremism |url=https://www.satp.org/datasheet-terrorist-attack/fatalities/bangladesh-leftwingextremism |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.satp.org}}
| place = Bangladesh, mainly Khulna
| result = Ongoing
| combatant1 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} PBCP
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} PBCP-J
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} PBCP-LP
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} PBCP-ML
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} New PBCP
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} GMF
----
{{flagicon image|PBSP-Flag.png}} PBSP
{{flagicon image|PBSP-Flag.png}} PBSP(CC)
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).svg}} PBSP-MBRM
----
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} BCP
{{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} New BCP
| combatant3 = {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh
- {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh{{Cite web |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/JMJB.htm |title=Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB), South Asia Terrorism Portal |website=www.satp.org |access-date=30 September 2016}}
| casualties4 = Total: 1,191+ deaths{{Cite web |title=UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program |url=https://ucdp.uu.se/conflict/11350 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ucdp.uu.se |archive-date=2022-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613190551/https://ucdp.uu.se/conflict/11350 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program |url=https://ucdp.uu.se/onesided/1198 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ucdp.uu.se}}{{Cite web |title=UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program |url=https://ucdp.uu.se/nonstate/5330 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ucdp.uu.se}}
| partof = Terrorism in Bangladesh
| casualties3 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 918+ Maoist insurgents dead
4,237+ Maoist insurgents surrendered{{Cite web |title=315 ultra-left activists surrender to embrace normal life |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/311735/315-ultra-left-activists-surrender-to-embrace |date=21 May 2023 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}{{Cite web |title=700 communist outlaws to surrender in Pabna |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/700-communist-outlaws-surrender-pabna-1723567 |date=2 April 2019 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=The Daily Star}}{{Cite web |title=596 outlaws surrender in Pabna |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/596-outlaws-surrender-in-bangladesh-pabna-1727368 |date=9 April 2019 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=The Daily Star}}
| casualties1 = 25+ Security Force members dead
}}
The Maoist insurgency in Bangladesh is a conflict between the Government of Bangladesh and the multiple Maoist groups within Bangladesh, such as the PBCP, New BCP, GMF, etc.
History
The Purbo Banglar Communist Party was founded in 1968. During the Bangladesh Liberation War the group aligned itself with Pakistan and China against Bangladeshi nationalists and the Soviet Union.{{Cite web |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/PBCP.htm |title=Purba Banglar Communist Party (PBCP), South Asia Terrorism Portal |website=www.satp.org |access-date=2016-04-02 |archive-date=2016-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428172055/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/PBCP.htm |url-status=live}} {{Failed verification|date=August 2022}}
The PBCP became involved in criminal activities in the 1990s in order to finance itself.{{Cite web |url=http://www.bannedthought.net/Bangladesh/SirajSikder/ExposureEBCP-1972.pdf |title=Exposure of the draft strategy and program of the so called East Bengal Communist party. |last=Sikder |first=Siraj |date= |website=bannedthought.net |publisher= |access-date=2016-02-04 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025756/http://www.bannedthought.net/Bangladesh/SirajSikder/ExposureEBCP-1972.pdf |url-status=live}} {{Failed verification|date=August 2022}} In 1993 the PBCP started a war against the BCP for control over Khulna and for ideological differences (the BCP is exclusively Maoist while the PBCP had become a mixture of Maoism and Naxalism). In the 2000s the PBCP underwent several splits, the most important of which took place in 2003, forming the PBCP-J (Purbo Banglar Communist Party-Janajuddha, dedicated to socialist revolution) thus starting an internal conflict that has killed 18 people.{{Cite web |url=http://www.broadleft.org/bd.htm |title=Leftist Parties of Bangladesh |access-date=2014-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403002828/http://www.broadleft.org/bd.htm |archive-date=2015-04-03 |url-status=dead}} In 2002, Gazi Kamrul, the founder of BCP, was detained from his residence during Operation Clean Heart on 23 August 2002.{{Cite news |date=2011-01-09 |title=Two outlaws held, one freed on bail: Arms recovered |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-169321 |access-date=2021-11-09 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109224859/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-169321 |url-status=live}} Since 2005 the PBCP has begun to extend its insurrection with terrorist attacks, clashing with the government and also with rival Islamist groups like the JMJB.{{Cite web |title=PBCP |url=https://ucdp.uu.se/actor/805 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=UCDP}}{{Cite web |title=Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB) |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/JMJB.htm |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=South Asia Terrorism Portal}} In 2006, the PBCP-J also began to carry out attacks and clashed with the government.{{cite magazine |last=Hussain |first=Ahmede |date=12 March 2004 |title=Everything Falls Apart |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/03/02/coverstory.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012041615/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/03/02/coverstory.htm |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=27 November 2016 |magazine=Star Magazine |publisher=The Daily Star}} Between 2005 and 2006, 379 people died in the insurgency. After this period, the insurrection diminished in intensity from year to year with fewer incidents.
Casualties
| class="wikitable" align="right" |
| bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Year ! Deaths |
| 1993
| 34 |
| 1994
| 8 |
| 1995
| 2 |
| 2000
| 3 |
| 2001
| 3 |
| 2002
| 43 |
| 2003
| 133 |
| 2004
| 212 |
| 2005
| 193 |
| 2006
| 186 |
| 2007
| 72 |
| 2008
| 54 |
| 2009
| 86 |
| 2010
| 39 |
| 2011
| 19 |
| 2012
| 10 |
| 2013
| 24 |
| 2014
| 12 |
| 2015
| 14 |
| 2016
| 17 |
| 2017
| 13 |
| 2018
| 8 |
| 2019
| 3 |
| 2020
| 2 |
| 2021
| 1 |
| 2022
| 0 |
| 2023
|0 |
| 2024
|0 |
| Total || 1,191+{{Cite web |title=UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program |url=https://ucdp.uu.se/country/771 |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ucdp.uu.se |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521132545/https://ucdp.uu.se/country/771 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |title=Datasheet - Left-wing Extremism |url=https://www.satp.org/datasheet-terrorist-attack/fatalities/bangladesh-leftwingextremism |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.satp.org}} |
|---|
From 1993 to 2022 there were 1,191+ deaths in the insurgency. From the period 2003-2006 (the most violent period of the insurgency) there were 724 deaths.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}
Category:Terrorism in Bangladesh
Category:Wars involving Bangladesh
Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)
{{Bangladesh-mil-stub}}