María Ygnacia López de Carrillo

Ygnacia was born to Juan Francisco Lopez and Maria Feliciana Arballo on January 31, 1793, and baptized Maria Ygnacia de la Candelaria Lopez. She was baptized in the chapel of the Presidio of San Diego.{{Cite journal|url=http://www.californiamissionstudies.com/Research/Articles/Dona_Maria.html|first1=Glenn|last1=Burch|year=1993|title=Doña María of Two Adobes|journal=California Mission Studies Association Newsletter|publisher=California Mission Studies Association|access-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228071656/http://www.californiamissionstudies.com/Research/Articles/Dona_Maria.html|archive-date=December 28, 2012|url-status=dead}} Her father was a soldier of the guard in San Gabriel.{{Cite web|url=http://library.sonoma.edu/specialcollections/notables/carrillo/|title=Ygnacia Lopez de Carrillo (1793-1849)|publisher=Sonoma State University Library|access-date=February 18, 2016}} Her mother was a mulatta who had accompanied the Anza Expedition as far as San Gabriel.{{Cite journal|url=http://www.peraltahacienda.org/downloads/C_Noticias%20de%20Anza_Number%2031%20-%202006%20October_web.pdf|title=Widow Arballo was a "Mulata Libre"|year=2006|journal=Noticias de Anza|issue=31|pages=1|publisher=Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail|access-date=December 23, 2012}} Her father died when she was 7.{{Cite web|url=http://www.binder-riha.com/ottavia/earlylife.html|access-date=December 24, 2012|title=The Early Life of Maria Carrillo}}

On September 3, 1809, Ygnacia married Joaquin Victor Carrillo, a soldier and member of the Carrillo family of San Diego. With Joaquin, she had thirteen children, twelve of whom survived to adulthood. Several went on to play notable roles in the early history of California. In 1821, Francisco María Ruiz, comandante of the Presidio of San Diego, built the family an adobe residence on the flats below the Presidio,{{Cite web|url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21478|title=San Diego|publisher=California State Parks Office of Historic Preservation|access-date=December 24, 2012}} where they lived for more than a decade. A portion of the Ruiz adobe, designated "Casa de Carrillo", still stands. After Joaquin's death circa 1836, Ygnacia and her nine unmarried children traveled north by ox-cart over {{Convert|500|mi}} to Sonoma, where they stayed with her son-in-law Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.

In 1838, Ygnacia got Vallejo's permission to settle in an area north of Sonoma, along Santa Rosa Creek. Her sons, with help from native people and her son-in-law Salvador, built a large adobe, now known as "Carrillo Adobe", near the creek. In 1841, Governor pro tem Manuel Jimeno confirmed her possession by granting her {{Convert|8885|acres}} of land, designated as the Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa. It was one of only a handful of California land grants made to a single woman. Ygnacia supervised the farming on her rancho, where wheat, barley, oats, corn, beans, peas, lentils, watermelons, and muskmelons were grown. Her son Ramon managed her livestock, which included 1,500 horses, 3,000 cattle, and sheep. She became fluent in the language of the native people.

During the Bear Flag Revolt of 1846, her son Julio and two of her sons-in-law were imprisoned at Sutter's Fort. The rancho's livestock, weapons, and provisions were confiscated.

In 1849, a year after Mexico ceded California to the United States, Ygnacia died. Her remains were interred in the chapel of the Mission San Francisco de Solano in Sonoma.

{{anchor|Carrillo Adobe}}

The Carrillo Adobe is a historic building. A Franciscan outpost named Assistencia Santa Rosa de Lima was begun on the site in sometime around 1829, but the project was abandoned due to secularization.{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhsupp&action=browse&fileName=ca/ca1100/ca1107/supp/browse.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/papr,gottscho,dag,detr,papr,hh,alad,vv,qlt,varstg,:@field(DOCID+@lit(CA1107))&title2=Carrillo%20Adobe,%20Santa%20Rosa,%20Sonoma,%20CA&displayType=0&maxCols=1|title=Carrillo Adobe, Santa Rosa, Sonoma, CA|publisher=Historic American Buildings Survey|access-date=December 25, 2012}}

After Ygnacia's death, her son-in-law David Mallagh established a trading post and tavern in the adobe. Santa Rosa's first post office was located in the adobe. The trading business continued under various owners into the 1860s. The land passed to Gustav Hahman, who turned it into an orchard. In 1950, Archbishop John Joseph Mitty purchased the land for building the Cathedral of Saint Eugene and its associated school. The Diocese of Santa Rosa erected a chain-link fence around the ruins and made plans to restore the adobe, but these plans never came to fruition.{{Cite news|url=http://northbaydigital.sonoma.edu/utils/getfile/collection/Lebaron/id/426/filename/370.pdf|title=Carrillo Adobe — Santa Rosa's 50 years of shame|access-date=December 24, 2012|first=Gaye|last=LeBaron|author-link=Gaye LeBaron|newspaper=The Press Democrat|year=1990}}

When surveyed in 1962, all that remained of the adobe was a three-room structure, {{Convert|83|ft}} by {{Convert|21|ft}} with a {{Convert|10|ft|adj=on}} veranda on all sides.

In 2005, the City of Santa Rosa gave tentative approval for a developer's plan to build up to 165 units on the parcel and spend more than $300,000 to prevent further deterioration of the adobe itself.{{Cite news|url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20051109/NEWS/511090337|title=Housing project at SR's Carrillo Adobe OK'd|access-date=December 24, 2012|first=Mike|last=McCoy|newspaper=The Press Democrat|date=November 9, 2005}} Archeological investigations in 2006 revealed that the adobe was built on sturdy stone footings.{{Cite news|url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/2303151-181/was-carrillo-adobe-supposed-to|title=Was Carrillo Adobe supposed to be a mission?|access-date=December 24, 2012|first=Chris|last=Smith|newspaper=The Press Democrat|date=July 4, 2011}} In 2012, vandals broke through the fence and stole some posts and beams, which were later found in a nearby encampment.{{Cite news|url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20120208/ARTICLES/120209528|title=History trashed at Carrillo Adobe|access-date=December 24, 2012|first=Chris|last=Smith|newspaper=The Press Democrat|date=February 8, 2012}}

Sheltered by a metal-roofed pole structure, the ruins of Carillo Adobe are still visible at {{Coord|38.4485|-122.6836|type:landmark_region:US-CA|name=Carrillo Adobe}} behind the Cathedral of Saint Eugene, near the intersection of Montgomery Drive and Franquette Avenue in Santa Rosa.

File:CarrilloAdobe 10081.jpg

File:Josefa Carrillo Fitch.jpg

• Maria Antonia Natalia "Josefa" (November 27, 1810 – January 1893){{Cite web|url=http://www.binder-riha.com/ottavia/children.html|title=Maria's Children|access-date=December 24, 2012}} was Ygnacia's eldest daughter. In 1829 she eloped to Valparaíso in order to marry Henry D. Fitch (May 7, 1799 – January 13, 1849), a sea-captain from Massachusetts. They had eleven children. In 1841, Fitch was granted Rancho Sotoyome{{Cite book|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/smythe/2-12.htm|title=History of San Diego|first=William E.|last=Smythe|access-date=December 24, 2012|chapter=XII. American Families of the Early Time}} in the Alexander Valley north of Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa.
• María Ramona de Luz (July 1812 – December 1888) married Captain José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco, a soldier from Guanajuato. He was killed in 1831 at the Battle of Cahuenga Pass. She was granted Rancho Suey near present-day Santa Maria, California that same year. She later married Captain John D. Wilson, a Scotsman.{{Cite web|url=http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/tf296nb20b/|title=Doña Ramona Carrillo de Pacheco de Wilson|access-date=December 24, 2012}}
• Maria de la Luz Eustaquia (May 18, 1813 – May 18, 1890) married Jose Manuel Salvador Vallejo (March 3, 1813 – February 18, 1876), the younger brother of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.
• Francisca Maria Felipa Benicia (August 23, 1815 – January 30, 1891) married General Vallejo himself on March 6, 1832. The city of Benicia was named after her. In 1834, Vallejo was granted Rancho Petaluma south of Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa.
• Maria Marta (born 29 July 1826, died October 1905) married Jose Joaquin Victor Carrillo Montano from Cabo San Lucas, BCS, MX, in 1855 at Santa Rosa, California.
• Juana de Jesús "Juanita" (born March 1829) married David Mallagh, an Irish sea-captain, in 1850.
• Maria Felicidad de la Augusta (March 1833 – July 23, 1856) married Victor Castro.

• Joaquín Victor II (1820 – 1899) was Ygnacia's eldest son. He was elected mayor of Sonoma in 1846 and was imprisoned during the Bear Flag Revolt. He was granted Rancho Llano de Santa Rosa west of Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa. He fought at the Battle of Olompali in 1846.
• Juan Bautista died of poisoning in 1841.
• Jose Ramon (February 1821 – May 1864) sold Casa de Carrillo to Lorenzo Soto. Later he fought at the Battle of Olompali and the Battle of San Pasqual. He married Vicenta Sepulveda de Yorba in February 1847.
• Jose de los Dolores (born 1824).
• Julio Maria Tomas (1824 – 1889) was imprisoned at Sutter's Fort in 1846 after attempting to deliver a message to his brothers-in-law. After Ygnacia's death, he inherited the bulk of Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa.
• Jose de la Luz (February 27, 1831 – March 7, 1831) died in infancy.

File:RomualdoPacheco.jpg

• José Antonio Romualdo Pacheco Jr. (October 31, 1831 – January 23, 1899) was a son of Maria Ramona by Romualdo Pacheco, her first husband. On February 27, 1875, he became the State of California's twelfth governor, its first California-born governor, and its first governor of Mexican ancestry.{{Cite web|url=http://governors.library.ca.gov/12-Pacheco.html|title=Governors of California|access-date=December 24, 2012}}

• Maria Carrillo High School, a public school established in Santa Rosa in 1996.

• Alta California
• List of Ranchos of California
• Rancho Petaluma Adobe

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/ca1107/ Historic American Buildings Survey report on Carrillo Adobe]
• [http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/4655575-181/gaye-lebaron-reasons-mounting-to newspaper report on efforts to preserve Carrillo Adobe]

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Category:History of Santa Rosa, California

Category:Landowners from California

Category:People from San Diego

Category:People from Santa Rosa, California

Category:People from Sonoma, California

Category:1793 births

Category:1849 deaths

Category:19th-century Mexican people

Category:19th-century American women landowners

Category:19th-century American farmers

Category:19th-century American women farmers

Category:19th-century Mexican businesswomen

Category:19th-century Mexican businesspeople

Category:19th-century American landowners

Category:19th-century American businesspeople

Category:People of Alta California