Marúbo language
{{short description|Panoan language of Brazil}}
{{Lead too short|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Marúbo
| fontcolor = #ffffff
| nativename =
| states = Brazil
| region = Javari River basin
| speakers = {{sigfig|1250|2}}
| date = 2006
| ref = e18
| familycolor = pano-tacanan
| fam1 = Panoan
| fam2 = Mainline Panoan
| fam3 = Nawa
| fam4 = Marubo group
| iso3 = mzr
| glotto = maru1252
| glottorefname = Marubo
| ethnicity = Marúbo people
| nation = Brazil
- Amazonashttps://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/diversidade/2023/07/21/noticia-diversidade,1523437/amp.html?amp_gsa=1&_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=De%20%251%24s&aoh=17069806520707&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.em.com.br%2Fapp%2Fnoticia%2Fdiversidade%2F2023%2F07%2F21%2Fnoticia-diversidade%2C1523437%2Festado-do-amazonas-passa-a-ter-16-linguas-indigenas-oficiais.shtml
}}
Marúbo is a Panoan language of Brazil.
Status
The Marubo language is considered threatened due to competition with Portuguese.{{Cite web |title=Promotora Española de Lingüística |url=http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/amerindia/ge_pano/panoan/marubo |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.proel.org}}
Phonology
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! |
| align="center"
!Stop |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | | |{{IPA link|k}} |
| Affricate
| |{{IPA link|ts}} |{{IPA link|tʃ}} | | |
|---|
| align="center"
|{{IPA link|v}} |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} | | |
| align="center"
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | | | |
| align="center"
| |{{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | |
| align="center"
|{{IPA link|w}} | | |{{IPA link|j}} | |
- /v/ can be heard as either [v] or [β].
= Vowels =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! !Back |
| align="center"
!High |{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|ĩ}} |{{IPA link|ɨ}} {{IPA link|ɨ̃}} |{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|ũ}} |
| align="center"
!Low | |{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|ã}} | |
- /a, ɨ, u/ may also be heard as [ɐ, ɯ, ʊ].
- Vowels may also be nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.{{Cite book |last=Costa |first=Raquel Guimarães Romankevicius |title=Aspectos da fonologia Marubo (Pano): uma visão não-linear |publisher=Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro |year=2000}}
Grammar
Marubo is an agglutinative language with and SOV word order.{{Cite web |title=Marubo Words |url=https://www.native-languages.org/marubo_words.htm |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.native-languages.org}} It has a graded tense system where what tense is used it determined by the distance in time between the time of reference (usually the time of speaking) and the time in which the mentioned even happened.{{Cite web |title=Marubo |url=https://tips.translation.bible/tip_language/mzr/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=TIPs |language=en-US}} Marubo, unlike most Panoan languages, does not have prefixes to refer to various body parts.{{Cite journal |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/43795/chapter-abstract/370727287?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=academic.oup.com|doi=10.1093/oso/9780198852476.003.0015 |title=Vestiges of body-part prefixation in Marubo |date=2022 |last1=Fleck |first1=David W. |pages=401–424 |isbn=978-0-19-885247-6 |url-access=subscription }}
Sample text
| class="wikitable"
|English |
| In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
|{{lang|mzr|Txitavíanamã, mai shoviti vevo,“Vana” atõ aká ivo ayase.a Aa Vanaro yora ikítõ ikí Yové Koĩnĩ nióti. Aaivo Vanaro Yové Koĩserívi}} |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://ailla.utexas.org/islandora/search/ailla:119566?type=dismax Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America] - [https://ailla.utexas.org/folders/2488/ Wordlist & Songs]
{{Pano-Tacanan languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marubo Language}}
{{Na-lang-stub}}