Marburgvirus
{{short description|Genus of virus}}
{{about|a biological genus|the specific virus responsible for several outbreaks of disease|Marburg virus}}
{{Virusbox
| image = Viruses-04-01878-g005.webp
| image_caption =
| image2 = Marburg virus.jpg
| image_alt =
| image2_caption = Marburg virus structure, genome, and transmission electron micrograph
| taxon = Marburgvirus
| synonyms =
| synonyms_ref =
| subdivision_ranks = Species and member viruses
| subdivision =
- Marburg marburgvirus
- Marburg virus
- Ravn virus
}}
The genus Marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of Marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). Both viruses cause Marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever.{{cite web | last1=Spickler| first1=Anna| title=Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections| url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/viral_hemorrhagic_fever_filovirus.pdf}} Both are select agents,{{cite web | url=http://www.selectagents.gov| title=National Select Agent Registry (NSAR)| accessdate=2011-10-16| last=US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}} World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogens (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment),{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/|title=Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition|accessdate=2011-10-16|last=US Department of Health and Human Services}} National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogens,{{cite web | url=http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/research/pages/cata.aspx |title=Biodefense – NIAID Category A, B, and C Priority Pathogens |accessdate=2011-10-16 |last=US National Institutes of Health (NIH), US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022004715/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/biodefenserelated/biodefense/research/pages/cata.aspx |archivedate=2011-10-22 }} Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agents,{{cite web | url=http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp |title=Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases |accessdate=2011-10-16 |last=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722181901/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp |archivedate=2014-07-22 }} and are listed as Biological Agents for Export Control by the Australia Group.{{cite web | url=http://www.australiagroup.net/en/biological_agents.html |title=List of Biological Agents for Export Control |accessdate=2011-10-16 |last=The Australia Group |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806112546/http://www.australiagroup.net/en/biological_agents.html |archivedate=2011-08-06 }}
Use of term
The genus Marburgvirus is a virological taxon included in the family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.{{Cite journal | last1 = Kuhn | first1 = J. H. | last2 = Becker | first2 = S. | last3 = Ebihara | first3 = H. | last4 = Geisbert | first4 = T. W. | last5 = Johnson | first5 = K. M. | last6 = Kawaoka | first6 = Y. | last7 = Lipkin | first7 = W. I. | last8 = Negredo | first8 = A. I. | last9 = Netesov | first9 = S. V. | last10 = Nichol | first10 = S. T. | last11 = Palacios | first11 = G. | last12 = Peters | first12 = C. J. | last13 = Tenorio | first13 = A. | last14 = Volchkov | first14 = V. E. | last15 = Jahrling | first15 = P. B. | title = Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations | doi = 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 155 | issue = 12 | pages = 2083–2103 | pmc = 3074192 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21046175}} The genus currently includes a single virus species, Marburg marburgvirus. The members of the genus (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called marburgviruses. The name Marburgvirus is derived from the city of Marburg in Hesse, West Germany (where Marburg virus was first discovered), and the taxonomic suffix -virus (which denotes a virus genus). Even though the virus was named after the city of Marburg, Dr. Ana Gligić, lead virologist at a laboratory in Belgrade, was first who managed to isolate the virus.NOTE: Marburgvirus is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɑːr|b|ɜːr|ɡ|ˈ|v|aɪ|r|ə|s}} {{respell|MAR|burg|VY|rəs}}, and Marburg marburgvirus is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɑːr|b|ɜːr|ɡ|_|ˌ|m|ɑːr|b|ɜːr|ɡ|ˈ|v|aɪ|r|ə|s}} {{respell|MAR|burg|_|MAR|burg|VY|rəs}}. According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Marburg marburgvirus is always to be capitalized, italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word "species". The names of its members (Marburg marburgviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles; according to Kuhn.
Previous designations
Until 1998, the family Filoviridae contained only one genus, Filovirus.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1159/000149300 | last1 = Kiley | first1 = M. P. | last2 = Bowen | first2 = E. T. | last3 = Eddy | first3 = G. A. | last4 = Isaäcson | first4 = M. | last5 = Johnson | first5 = K. M. | last6 = McCormick | first6 = J. B. | last7 = Murphy | first7 = F. A. | last8 = Pattyn | first8 = S. R. | last9 = Peters | first9 = D. | last10 = Prozesky | first10 = O. W. | last11 = Regnery | first11 = R. L. | last12 = Simpson | first12 = D. I. | last13 = Slenczka | first13 = W. | last14 = Sureau | first14 = P. | last15 = Van Der Groen | first15 = G. | last16 = Webb | first16 = P. A. | last17 = Wulff | first17 = H. | title = Filoviridae: A taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses? | journal = Intervirology | volume = 18 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 24–32 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7118520| doi-access = free }} Once it became clear that marburgviruses and ebolaviruses are fundamentally different, this genus was abolished and a genus "Marburg-like viruses" was established for marburgviruses.{{Cite journal | last1 = Pringle | first1 = C. R. | title = Virus taxonomy—San Diego 1998 | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 143 | issue = 7 | pages = 1449–1459 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9742051 | doi=10.1007/s007050050389| s2cid = 13229117 }} In 2002, the genus name was changed to Marburgvirus,{{Cite book | last1=Feldmann| first1=H.| last2=Geisbert| first2=T. W.| last3=Jahrling| first3=P. B.| last4=Klenk| first4=H.-D.| last5=Netesov| first5=S. V.| last6=Peters| first6=C. |last7=Sanchez| first7=A.| last8=Swanepoel| first8=R.| last9=Volchkov| first9=V. E.| chapter=Family Filoviridae| year=2005| editor-last=Fauquet| editor-first=C. M.| editor2-last=Mayo| editor2-first=M. A.| editor3-last=Maniloff| editor3-first=J.| editor4-last=Desselberger| editor4-first=U.| editor5-last=Ball| editor5-first=L. A.| title=Virus Taxonomy—Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses| pages=645–653| publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press| location=San Diego, USA| isbn=978-0-12-370200-5}}{{cite journal | last1=Mayo| first1=M. A.| year= 2002| title= ICTV at the Paris ICV: results of the plenary session and the binomial ballot| journal= Archives of Virology| volume= 147| issue= 11| pages= 2254–60| doi=10.1007/s007050200052| s2cid=43887711| doi-access= free}} and in 2010 and 2011 the genus was emended.{{Cite book | last1=Kuhn| first1=J. H.| last2=Becker| first2=S.| last3=Ebihara| first3=H.| last4=Geisbert| first4=T. W.| last5=Jahrling| first5=P. B.| last6=Kawaoka| first6=Y.| last7=Netesov| first7=S. V.| last8=Nichol| first8=S. T.| last9=Peters| first9=C. J.| last10=Volchkov| first10=V. E.| last11=Ksiazek| first11=T. G.| chapter=Family Filoviridae| year=2011| editor-last=King| editor-first=Andrew M. Q.| editor2-last=Adams| editor2-first=Michael J.| editor3-last=Carstens| editor3-first=Eric B.| display-editors = 3 | editor4-last=Lefkowitz| editor4-first=Elliot J.| title=Virus Taxonomy—Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses| url=https://archive.org/details/virustaxonomyixt00king| url-access=limited| pages=[https://archive.org/details/virustaxonomyixt00king/page/n636 665]–671| publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press| location=London, UK| isbn=978-0-12-384684-6}}
Genus inclusion criteria
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the family Filoviridae is a member of the genus Marburgvirus if
- its genome has one gene overlap
- its fourth gene (GP) encodes only one protein (GP1,2) and cotranscriptional editing is not necessary for its expression
- peak infectivity of its virions is association with particles ≈665 nm in length
- its genome differs from that of Marburg virus by <50% at the nucleotide level
- its virions show almost no antigenic cross reactivity with ebolavirions
Genus organization
| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ Genus Marburgvirus (family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales): species and viruses |
| Species name |
| valign="TOP"
| rowspan="2" | Marburg marburgvirus |
| valign="TOP" |
| valign="TOP" |
''Marburg marburgvirus''
The species was introduced in 1998 as Marburg virus.{{Cite book | last1=Netesov| first1=S. V.| last2=Feldmann| first2=H.| last3=Jahrling| first3=P. B.| last4=Klenk| first4=H. D.| last5=Sanchez| first5=A.| chapter=Family Filoviridae| year=2000| editor-last=van Regenmortel| editor-first=M. H. V.| editor2-last=Fauquet| editor2-first=C. M.| editor3-last=Bishop| editor3-first=D. H. L.| editor4-last=Carstens| editor4-first=E. B.| editor5-last=Estes| editor5-first=M. K.| editor6-last=Lemon| editor6-first=S. M.| editor7-last=Maniloff| editor7-first=J.| editor8-last=Mayo| editor8-first=M. A.| editor9-last=McGeoch| editor9-first=D. J.| editor10-last=Pringle| editor10-first=C. R.| editor11-last=Wickner| editor11-first=R. B.| title=Virus Taxonomy—Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses |pages=539–48| publisher=Academic Press| location=San Diego, USA| isbn=978-0-12-370200-5}}
Because of easy confusion with its virus member Marburg virus, the species name was changed to Lake Viktoria marburgvirus in 2005.{{cite journal | last1=Mayo| first1=M. A.| year = 2002| title = ICTV at the Paris ICV: results of the plenary session and the binomial ballot| journal=Archives of Virology| volume = 147| issue = 11| pages = 2254–60| doi=10.1007/s007050200052| s2cid=43887711| doi-access=free}}
In 2010, it was proposed to change the name to Marburg marburgvirus, and this proposal was accepted in early 2012 by the ICTV.
Marburg marburgvirus (also referred to as Lake Victoria marburgvirus{{cite web | title=ICTV Taxonomy history: Marburg marburgvirus |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=20181571 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=31 December 2018 |language=en |format=html }}) is a virological taxon (i.e. a man-made concept) included in the genus Marburgvirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The species has two virus members, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV).{{cite web | title=ICTV 9th Report (2011) Filoviridae |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/197/filoviridae |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910083159/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/197/filoviridae |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=31 December 2018 |language=en |format=html |quote=List of species in the genus Marburgvirus Lake Victoria marburgvirus* Marburg virus - Musoke, Kenya, 1980 [Z12132=NC_001608] (MARV-Mus) Ravn virus - Ravn, Kenya, 1987 [DQ447649] (RAVV-Rav) Highlight: Species names are in italic script; names of strains and isolates are in roman script; sequence accession numbers [ ] and assigned abbreviations ( ) are also listed.}} The members of the species (i.e. the actual physical entities) are called Marburg marburgviruses. The name Marburg marburgvirus is derived from the city of Marburg in Hesse, West Germany (where Marburg virus was first discovered), and the taxonomic suffix marburgvirus (which denotes a marburgvirus species).
Species inclusion criteria
A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member of the genus Marburgvirus is a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus if it has the properties of marburgviruses (because there is currently only marburgvirus species) and if its genome differs from that of Marburg virus (variant Musoke) by <30% at the nucleotide level.
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite book | last=Klenk| first=Hans-Dieter| title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 235| year=1999| publisher=Springer-Verlag| location=Berlin, Germany| isbn=978-3-540-64729-4}}
- {{Cite book | first1=Hans-Dieter| last1=Klenk| first2=Heinz| last2=Feldmann| title=Ebola and Marburg Viruses – Molecular and Cellular Biology| year=2004| publisher=Horizon Bioscience| location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK| isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7}}
- {{Cite book | last=Kuhn| first=Jens H.| title=Filoviruses – A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20| year=2008| publisher=SpringerWienNewYork| location=Vienna, Austria| isbn=978-3-211-20670-6}}
- {{Cite book | last1=Martini| first1=G. A.| last2=Siegert| first2=R.| title=Marburg Virus Disease| year=1971| publisher=Springer-Verlag| location=Berlin, Germany| isbn=978-0-387-05199-4}}
- {{Cite book | last1=Ryabchikova| first1=Elena I.| last2=Price| first2=Barbara B.| title=Ebola and Marburg Viruses – A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy| year=2004| publisher=Battelle Press| location=Columbus, Ohio, USA| isbn=978-1-57477-131-2}}
{{Refend}}
External links
- [https://ictv.global/report/chapter/filoviridae/filoviridae ICTV Report: Filoviridae]
- [https://ictv.global/ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)]
{{Filoviridae}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15728844|from2=Q6755280}}
Category:Animal viral diseases
Category:Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers