| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" width="50px" | Year
! scope="col" width="225px" | Winner
! scope="col" width="600px" | Other nominees |
| 2001 | Thomas Hirschhorn | Pierre Bismuth, Rebecca Bournigault, Claude Closky, Felice Varini, Xavier Veilhan |
| 2002 | Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster[{{cite web|title=Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster {{!}} ADIAF|url=http://www.adiaf.com/portfolio-item/dominique-gonzalez-foerster/|accessdate=2018-12-16|language=fr-FR}}] | Anri Sala, Bernard Frize, Valérie Jouve, Wang Du |
| 2003 | Mathieu Mercier | Stéphane Couturier, Claude Lévêque, Pascal Pinaud, Eric Poitevin |
| 2004 | Carole Benzaken | Valérie Belin, Philippe Cognée, Richard Fauguet, Philippe Ramette |
| 2005 | Claude Closky[[http://ww.closky.info/?p=10018 Text by Michel Gauthier for the 2005 Prix Marcel Duchamp publication]] | Kader Attia, Gilles Barbier, Olivier Blanckart |
| 2006 | Philippe Mayaux | Abdel Abdessemed, Leandro Erlich, Bruno Peinado |
| 2007 | Tatiana Trouvé | Adam Adach, Pierre Ardouvin, Richard Fauguet |
| 2008 | Laurent Grasso | Michel Blazy, Stéphane Calais, Didier Marcel |
| 2009 | Saâdane Afif | Damien Deroubaix, Nicolas Moulin, Philippe Perrot |
| 2010 | Cyprien Gaillard | Céleste Boursier-Mougenot, Camille Henrot, Anne-Marie Schneider |
| 2011 | Mircea Cantor | Damien Cabanes, Guillaume Leblon, Samuel Rousseau |
| 2012 | Daniel Dewar et Grégory Gicquel- sculpture | Valérie Favre, Bertrand Lamarche, Franck Scurti |
| 2013 | Latifa Echakhch | Farah Atassi, Claire Fontaine, Raphaël Zarka |
| 2014 | Julien Prévieux[{{Cite web|last=Roman|first=Mathilde|title=Prix Marcel Duchamp 2014 : Julien Prévieux {{!}} Zérodeux / 02|url=https://www.zerodeux.fr/news/prix-marcel-duchamp-2014-julien-previeux/|access-date=2020-11-06|language=fr-FR}}] | Evariste Richer, Théo Mercier, Florian et Michaël Quistrebert |
| 2015 | Melik Ohanian | Davide Balula, Neïl Beloufa, Zineb Sedira |
| 2016 | Kader Attia[{{Cite web |last=Barbieri Childs |first=Claudia |date=2016-10-18 |title=Kader Attia wins France's prestigious Marcel Duchamp Prize |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2016/10/18/kader-attia-wins-frances-prestigious-marcel-duchamp-prize |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Art Newspaper - International art news and events}}][{{Cite web |last=Buffenstein |first=Alyssa |date=2016-10-19 |title=Kader Attia Nabs Marcel Duchamp Prize |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/kader-attia-wins-2016-prix-marcel-duchamp-709298 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}}] | Yto Barrada, Ulla von Brandenburg, Barthélémy Toguo |
| 2017 | Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige[{{Cite web|title=Dig for victory: artist duo win Prix Marcel Duchamp with urban excavation-themed work|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/dig-for-victory-artist-duo-win-prix-marcel-duchamp-with-urban-excavation-themed-work|access-date=2020-11-06|website=www.theartnewspaper.com|date=20 October 2017}}] | Maja Bajevic, Charlotte Moth, Vittorio Santoro |
| 2018 | Clément Cogitore[{{Cite web |title=Clément Cogitore Wins 2018 Marcel Duchamp Prize |url=https://www.artforum.com/news/clement-cogitore-wins-2018-marcel-duchamp-prize-77088 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.artforum.com |language=en-US}}][{{Cite web |last=Elbaz |first=Talia |title=Clément Cogitore Awarded 2018 Marcel Duchamp Prize |url=https://whitewall.art/art/clement-cogitore-awarded-2018-marcel-duchamp-prize |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Whitewall |language=en}}] | Mohamed Bourouissa, Thu Van Tran, Marie Voignier |
| 2019
|Éric Baudelaire[{{Cite web|last=Guido Pietroni|first=David|date=2019-10-15|title=The Prix Marcel Duchamp, France's biggest art prize, goes to Éric Baudelaire.|url=https://www.art-insider.com/the-prix-marcel-duchamp-frances-biggest-art-prize-goes-to-eric-baudelaire/1161|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Art Insider|language=en-CA}}]
|Katinka Bock, Marguerite Humeau, Ida Tursic & Wilfried Mille |
| 2020
|Kapwani Kiwanga[{{Cite news|last=Lankarani|first=Nazanin|date=2020-10-19|title=A 20-Year Legacy of Support for French Artists|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/19/arts/kapwani-kiwanga-marcel-duchamp-prize.html|access-date=2020-10-25|issn=0362-4331}}]
|Alice Anderson, Hicham Berrada, Enrique Ramirez |
| 2021
|Lili Reynaud-Dewar[{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2021/10/18/lili-reynaud-dewar-remporte-le-prix-marcel-duchamp-2021_6098884_3246.html|title=Lili Reynaud Dewar remporte le prix Marcel-Duchamp 2021|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=18 October 2021}}]
|Isabelle Cornaro, Julian Charrière, Julien Creuzet |
| 2022
|Mimosa Echard[{{Cite news|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/10/20/mimosa-echard-wins-frances-most-prestigious-contemporary-art-prize|title=Mimosa Echard wins France's most prestigious contemporary art prize]
|newspaper=TheArtNewspaper.com|date=20 October 2022}}
|Giulia Andreani, Iván Argote, Philippe Decrauzat |
| 2023 | Tarik Kiswanson[{{Cite news |last=Cascone |first=Sarah |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tarik-kiswanson-marcel-duchamp-prize-2380434 |title=Palestinian Swedish Artist Tarik Kiswanson Has Won the Marcel Duchamp Prize, France’s Most Prestigious Art Award |website=artnet.com |date=2023-10-18 |access-date=2023-10-21}}]
| Bertille Bak, Bouchra Khalili, Massinissa Selmani |
