March 2009 tornado outbreak sequence

File:Corydon tornado radar image.PNG

An upper trough moved from the Four Corners region into the southern Great Plains and lower Missouri Valley during the day on March 23. During this, a surface low in western portions of Nebraska pushed into eastern South Dakota. A cold front combined with the low moved across the central and southern Great Plains and was the main area where thunderstorm development would occur. Although moisture was limited, strong wind shear created favorable conditions for supercells to develop and rotate. As a result, the supercells had the potential to produce tornadoes.{{cite web

| title = Severe Thunderstorms Expected over Parts of the Central and Southern Plains

| publisher =Storm Prediction Center

| date =2009-03-23

| url =http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2009/pwo_200903231621.html

| access-date =2009-03-23 }}

A moderate risk of severe weather was issued for portions of central and eastern Kansas and northern Oklahoma.{{cite web| publisher =Storm Prediction Center| title =Mar 23, 2009 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook| date =2009-03-23| url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2009/day1otlk_20090323_1630.html | access-date =2009-03-23}} During the day, a fast-moving supercell produced several tornadoes in eastern Nebraska and across the state line into the west central portion of Iowa. Five tornadoes occurred in eastern Nebraska, with eight people injured in Eagle. In Iowa, an EF2 tornado destroyed one home, damaged another home, a barn and seven outbuildings and derailed 54 empty grain rail cars in Harrison County. The supercell then moved into Montgomery County, where it produced two EF0 tornadoes.{{cite web|publisher=National Weather Service in Omaha, Nebraska |title=Tornado Summary March 23, 2009 |date=2009-03-25 |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo%3Doax%26storyid%3D23462%26source%3D0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007130514/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=oax&storyid=23462&source=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=2009-03-25 }} Accessed through WebCite.

Several days of severe weather began with an EF1 tornado near Meridian, Mississippi on March 25. During the early morning hours of March 26, severe thunderstorms produced six tornadoes in central sections of Mississippi. The most powerful tornado spawned was an EF3 that struck Magee. Sixty homes were either damaged or destroyed with 25 people injured from the tornado. A church was destroyed and a warehouse was severely damaged. An EF2 tornado, three EF1, and an EF0 also occurred as the severe weather moved through the area.{{cite web|publisher=National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi |title=Severe Weather Brings Tornadoes to the ArkLaMiss |date=2009-03-26 |url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/events/2009/Mar25_26/index.php |access-date=2009-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401030332/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/events/2009/Mar25_26/index.php |archive-date=April 1, 2009 }} A state of emergency was declared for 12 counties by the Governor of Mississippi Haley Barbour.{{cite web|publisher = CNN|title = Mississippi storms hurt 24, damage 108 homes|date = 2009-03-26|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/weather/03/26/mississippi.tornadoes/|access-date = 2009-03-26}} The thunderstorms also produced three tornadoes, one rated EF1 and the other two rated EF0, in southeastern Louisiana and coastal regions of Mississippi. The EF1 tornado damaged seven homes, extensively damaged one trailer and injured one person in Tangipahoa Parish.{{cite web|publisher = National Weather Service in New Orleans/Baton Rouge, Louisiana|title = Severe Weather Affects Southeast Louisiana and Coastal Mississippi|date = 2009-03-26|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lix/03262009tornado.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805144924/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/lix/03262009tornado.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-05|access-date = 2009-03-27}}

Another round of severe weather developed late that evening, producing another intense squall line with embedded tornadoes across the northern Gulf Coast region early on March 27, where several tornadoes were reported.{{cite web|publisher = Storm Prediction Center|title = 20090326's Storm Report|date = 2009-04-01|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/090326_rpts.html|access-date = 2009-04-01}} Later during the afternoon, various tornadoes developed in North Carolina, causing structural damage in eastern North Carolina.{{cite web|publisher=National Weather Service in Raleigh, North Carolina |title=National Weather Service Tornado Survey in Cumberland County |date=2009-03-28 |url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KRAH_200903281543.txt |access-date=2009-03-29 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522195140/https://www.webcitation.org/5fdexsMaZ?url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KRAH_200903281543.txt |archive-date=May 22, 2024 }} Accessed through WebCite.{{cite web

|publisher=National Weather Service in Newport/Morehead City, North Carolina

|title=Preliminary Local Storm Report

|date=2009-03-28

|url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KRAH_200903281543.txt

|access-date=2009-03-29

|url-status=unfit

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522195140/https://www.webcitation.org/5fdexsMaZ?url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KRAH_200903281543.txt

|archive-date=May 22, 2024

}} Accessed through WebCite.{{cite web

|publisher=National Weather Service in Newport/Morehead City, North Carolina

|title=Preliminary Local Storm Report

|date=2009-03-27

|url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/stormreport/KMHX_200903272225.txt

|access-date=2009-03-29

|url-status=unfit

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522195218/https://www.webcitation.org/5fdgc0ybV?url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/stormreport/KMHX_200903272225.txt

|archive-date=May 22, 2024

}} Accessed through WebCite. The tornadoes formed after a disturbance moved into the area from Alabama.{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Murray|publisher=WBMA-LP|date=2009-03-27|access-date=2009-04-01|title=North Carolina Tornado|url=http://www.alabamawx.com/?p=16628}} One of the tornadoes near Parkton was rated as an EF2 and injured one person.{{cite web|publisher = National Weather Service in Wilmington, North Carolina|title =Public Information Statement

|date = 2009-03-27|url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/ilm/march_27th_2009_pns.txt|access-date = 2009-03-29}}

On March 28, a strong 997 millibar upper-level low pressure area located over Oklahoma was forecast to produce widespread thunderstorms, with a moderate risk of severe weather in most of northern Louisiana, much of Mississippi, and southern Arkansas. A warm front was likely to develop along the leading edge of the system, allowing for atmospheric instability, a necessary component of severe thunderstorms. In areas farther north, relatively cool temperatures were anticipated to limit convective activity but very strong dynamics in the area would allow storms to develop. This would allow a thunderstorm which became separated from the main squall line to become severe and possibly tornadic.{{cite web|author=Racy|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|date=March 28, 2009|access-date=April 2, 2009|title=Mar 28, 2009 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2009/day1otlk_20090328_0100.html}} Later in the day, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a slight risk for a large area which encompassed much of the Southeast United States. Tornadic activity was less imminent due to lower dew points but strong wind shear was able to provide fuel for severe storms.{{cite web|author=Racy and Hulbert|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|date=March 28, 2009|access-date=April 2, 2009|title=Mar 28, 2009 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2009/day1otlk_20090328_1200.html}}

More tornadoes occurred on March 28, as they affected Tennessee and Kentucky during the afternoon. A supercell that tracked through three different counties in western areas of Kentucky produced two tornadoes. One of them was an EF3 tornado that destroyed six homes, caused major damage to 10 homes and minor damage to 60 homes and businesses in Corydon.{{cite web

|publisher=National Weather Service in paducah, Kentucky

|title=EF-3 tornado in Union and Henderson Counties of KY: Survey info, maps, photos

|date=2009-03-29

|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo%3Dpah%26storyid%3D23586%26source%3D0

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830083917/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=pah&storyid=23586&source=0

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=2009-08-30

|access-date=2009-04-01

}} Accessed through WebCite. In Tennessee, an EF1 tornado caused damage to several businesses in Murfreesboro, including the local Boys and Girls Club and a shopping plaza, which was heavily damaged. Another EF1 tornado destroyed a modular home and damaged three other homes in Ashland City.{{cite web

|publisher=National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee

|title=Results from Storm Damage Survey

|date=2009-03-30

|url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KOHX_200903301918.txt

|access-date=2009-04-01

|url-status=unfit

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522195259/https://www.webcitation.org/5ffklIK15?url=http://asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu/public/publicinfo/KOHX_200903301918.txt

|archive-date=May 22, 2024

}} Accessed through WebCite.

Severe thunderstorms caused widespread damage throughout Pennsylvania on March 29.{{cite news|first=Peter |last=Mucha |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=2009-03-29 |access-date=2009-04-02 |title=Possible tornadoes, huge hail, high winds wreak havoc |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20090330_Possible_tornadoes__huge_hail__high_winds_wreak_havoc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402123439/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20090330_Possible_tornadoes__huge_hail__high_winds_wreak_havoc.html |archive-date=April 2, 2009 }} An EF1 tornado was produced in Lancaster County, damaging 238 structures across a path of {{convert|10|mi|km}} from Lititz to Denver, most of which were 200 homes that were damaged by hail. Thirty barns suffered moderate damage, one barn sustained major damage, six trailer homes were destroyed with two others suffering major damage. Three people were injured by the tornado, which altogether cost an estimated $3 million in damage.{{cite web

| last =Murse

| first =Tom

| author2 =C. Stauffer

| title =Tornado ranks among county's worst

| publisher =Lancaster Newspapers

| date =2009-03-31

| url =http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/235738

| archive-url =https://archive.today/20130127145310/http://articles.lancasteronline.com/local/4/235738

| url-status =dead

| archive-date =2013-01-27

| access-date =2009-04-02

}}

{{Tornado Chart

|Total = 56

|F0 = 22

|F1 = 27

|F2 = 5

|F3 = 2

|F4 = 0

|F5 = 0

|Enhanced=yes

}}

This event covers through the morning of March 26, which was due to a continuous bow echo/line.

This event covers through the morning of March 27, which was due to a continuous bow echo/line.

This event covers activity in the afternoon and evening of March 27.

{{Infobox storm

| name = Corydon, Kentucky

| image = Corydon truck thrown quarter mile.JPG

| caption = The remains of a truck, crushed by trees, which was thrown roughly a quarter mile by the tornado.

| highest winds =

| fujitascale = EF3

| casualties = 2 injuries

| damages = $540,000

| enhanced = yes

}}

Surface heating throughout the day destabilized the atmosphere ahead of a cold front in the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys. At 2:20 pm CST, the Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma issued a tornado watch for western Kentucky, central Tennessee, and northern Alabama. Not long after, supercell thunderstorms began to develop over southern Illinois,{{cite web|author=National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|date=March 28, 2009|access-date=April 2, 2009|title=Tornado Watch 91|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/ww0091.html}} producing hail up to 1 inch in diameter.{{cite web|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|date=April 2, 2009|access-date=April 2, 2009|title=Storm Reports for March 28, 2009|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/090328_rpts.html}} By 4:00 pm CST, a supercell thunderstorm developed in western Kentucky, near the border with Illinois, and a severe thunderstorm warning was issued for the storm. Shortly after, a tornado warning was issued around 4:30 pm CST for Union County, Kentucky as doppler radar images depicted rotation in the thunderstorm. Around 4:43 pm CST, a tornado touched down about 5 miles south-southwest of Waverly, Kentucky and tracked towards the northeast along Kentucky Route 141. Not long after the tornado touched down, it crossed into Henderson County. At 4:48 pm CST, the tornado intensified into an EF3 and passed directly over the town of Corydon. After causing severe damage in Corydon, the tornado continued towards the northeast before dissipating south of the Henderson County Airport around 5:00 pm. The tornado was on the ground for roughly 12 miles over a 17-minute span.{{cite web|author=National Weather Service in Paducah, Kentucky |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=March 29, 2009 |access-date=April 3, 2009 |title=EF-3 tornado in Union and Henderson Counties of KY: Survey info, maps, photos |url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo%3Dpah%26storyid%3D23586%26source%3D0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830083917/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=pah&storyid=23586&source=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 30, 2009 }}

Although four tornado sirens failed to sound when the tornado warning was issued for Corydon, no fatalities were reported as a result of the tornado. About 70 structures were damaged{{cite web|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Courier Journal|date=March 30, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=Twisters struck Kentucky|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20090330/NEWS01/903300374/1008/NEWS01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130408071935/http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20090330/NEWS01/903300374/1008/NEWS01|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 8, 2013}} and six were destroyed{{cite web|author=Jeannine Gallenstein|publisher=Kentucky Post|date=March 30, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=NWS: Tornadoes Touched Down|url=http://www.kypost.com/content/wcposhared/story/NWS-Tornadoes-Touched-Down/x-Jztmvzik-835XU8t6HJQ.cspx}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by the tornado and two people were injured. One of the injuries was caused after a man was struck by a television which was thrown by the tornado.{{cite web|author=Gavin Lesnick|publisher=Courier Press|date=March 29, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=Ky. siren failures signal worrying problem|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2009/mar/29/officials-sirens-didnt-go-during-saturdays-tornado/}} Numerous residents were caught off guard by the tornado, with some people remaining outside after the warning was issued. Concrete and brick structures collapsed, mobile homes were destroyed with debris wrapped around trees, and power lines were downed throughout the area. One truck was picked up by the tornado and thrown about 0.25 miles. An oil well also leaked into a creek as a result of the tornado. Most homes in the town of 780 people were left without power.{{cite web|author= Beth Smith|publisher=Courier Press|date=March 28, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=Picking up the pieces|url=http://www.courierpress.com/news/2009/mar/28/picking-up-the-pieces/}} Damages from the tornado amounted to $540,000.{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=July 4, 2009|title=Kentucky Event Report: EF3 Tornado|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~751508}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=July 4, 2009|title=Kentucky Event Report: EF3 Tornado|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~751596}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

A state of emergency was declared for Henderson County on March 30, two days after the tornado hit Corydon.{{cite web|agency=Associated Press |publisher=Lexington-Herald Leader |date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=April 3, 2009 |title=Tornado or not, it slammed Corydon |url=http://www.kentucky.com/news/state/story/743670.html }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The following day, Red Cross workers arrived in the town and set up their operations center in the Old Corydon School; however, not many people went to the center to receive aid.{{cite web|author=Nicole DiDonato|publisher=WFIE|date=March 31, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=Red Cross helping in Corydon|url=http://www.14wfie.com/Global/story.asp?S=10096127&nav=3w6o|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717072721/http://www.14wfie.com/Global/story.asp?S=10096127&nav=3w6o|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 17, 2012}}

{{clear}}

Following the impact of the EF3 tornado, emergency management officials discovered that four{{cite web|author=Sarah Fortune|publisher=Tristate|date=April 3, 2009|access-date=April 3, 2009|title=Tornado Sirens Fixed|url=http://tristatehomepage.com/content/fulltext/?cid=63852}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} of the ten sirens which were supposed to go off when the tornado warning was issued for Henderson County did not function. Emergency management personnel worked to replace the batteries in all ten sirens in the days after the tornado but lacked the supplies to complete this. Since the battery replacement was not completed, two more sirens failed on April 2 when a possible tornado touched down in the same area.{{cite web|author=The Gleaner |publisher=WZTV Fox 17 |date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=April 3, 2009 |title=2 sirens fail when tornado warning issued |url=http://www.wztv.com/template/inews_wire/wires.regional.ky/33b55ebb-www.fox17.com.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718124626/http://www.wztv.com/template/inews_wire/wires.regional.ky/33b55ebb-www.fox17.com.shtml |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }} After the April 2 event, the repair of the tornado sirens was completed and they were all working.

Ahead of the developing low pressure area, a squall line of thunderstorms developed along a low-level jet stream. The line was first noted around 3:35 am CDT in Cass County, Iowa where {{convert|61|mph|km/h}} winds were recorded at the Atlantic Municipal Airport.{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=July 4, 2009|title=Iowa Event Report: Thunderstorm Winds|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~750747|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601155444/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~750747|archive-date=June 1, 2010|url-status=dead}} Later that day, a much stronger line of severe thunderstorms developed in Plymouth County. Wind gusts up to {{convert|80|mph|km/h}} were recorded in the county, two barns and a horse shed were shifted off their foundation and several trees were uprooted.{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=July 4, 2009|title=Iowa Event Report: Thunderstorm Winds|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~751203}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In Cherokee County, a semi-truck was blown over by high winds.{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=July 4, 2009|title=Iowa Event Report: Thunderstorm Winds|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~751208}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

• List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

{{reflist|2}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090830083917/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=pah&storyid=23586&source=0 Summary of the tornado from the NWS in Paducah, Kentucky]

{{2009 tornado outbreaks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2009-03-23 Tornado Outbreak}}

03-23

Category:F3, EF3 and IF3 tornadoes

Category:Tornadoes in Oklahoma

Category:Tornadoes in Arkansas

Category:Tornadoes in Tennessee

Category:Tornadoes in Louisiana

Category:Tornadoes in Georgia (U.S. state)

Category:Tornadoes in South Carolina

Category:Tornadoes in North Carolina

Category:Tornadoes in Alabama

Category:Tornadoes in Pennsylvania

Category:Tornadoes in Mississippi

Category:Tornadoes in Kentucky

Category:Tornadoes in Kansas

Category:Tornadoes in Iowa

Category:Tornadoes in Nebraska

Category:Tornadoes in South Dakota

Tornado Outbreak