Marcia Freedman

{{Short description|American-Israeli peace, women's rights and gay rights activist (1938–2021)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| image = Marcia Freedman D710-038 (cropped).jpg

| caption = Freedman in 1974

| birth_name = Marcia Judith Prince

| birth_date = {{birth date|1938|5|17}}

| birth_place = Newark, New Jersey, US

| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|9|21|1938|5|17}}

| death_place = South Berkeley, California, United States

| spouse = {{marriage|Bill Freedman|1961|1975|end=divorced}}

| children = 1 daughter

| alma_mater = New York University

| suboffice1 = Ratz

| office1 = Faction represented in the Knesset

| subterm1 = 1974–1975

| suboffice2 = Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement

| subterm2 = 1975–1976

| suboffice3 = Independent Socialist Faction

| subterm3 = 1976–1977

| native_name = מרשה פרידמן

| native_name_lang = he

}}

Marcia Judith Freedman ({{langx|he|מרשה פרידמן}}; née Prince; May 17, 1938 – September 21, 2021) was an American-Israeli activist on behalf of peace, women's rights, and gay rights. In 1969, she immigrated to Israel where she helped establish and lead the feminist movement in the 1970s. She was a member of the Knesset from 1974 to 1977.

Biography

Born in to a Jewish family in Newark, New Jersey, on May 17, 1938, Freedman received a BA from Bennington College and an MA from New York University.{{cite web|title=Marcia Freedman, First American Woman in Knesset, Dies at 83|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/02/us/marcia-freedman-dead.html|last=Seelye|first=Katharine Q.|date=October 2, 2021|work=The New York Times|accessdate=October 4, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=576 |title=Bio |publisher=www.knesset.gov.il |date= |accessdate=May 15, 2020 |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011053528/http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=576 |url-status=live }} She was active in the American Civil Rights Movement between 1960 and 1967. In 1969 she immigrated to Israel, and soon became involved in activism and politics. She became famous from her desire to modify abortion laws and raise awareness to the civil rights movement.{{Cite journal|last=Kirshenbaum|first=Gayle|date=November 1990|title=Jewish Feminist Visions -- Exile in the Promised Land: A Memoir by Marcia Freedman / Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a Feminist Perspective by Judith Plaskow|journal=Ms.|volume=1|issue=3|pages=55|id={{ProQuest|204301214}}|via=ProQuest}}

In 1973, the feminist movement decided to support Shulamit Aloni's Ratz (the Civil Rights Movement), and Freedman was given third place on the Ratz slate. She caught Shulamit Aloni's attention based on her passion, commitment, and enthusiasm for the movement.{{cite web|url=http://ajpeacearchive.org/peace-pioneers1/marcia-freedman-2/|title=Marcia Freedman – American-Jewish Peace Archive (1967–2017)|website=ajpeacearchive.org|language=en-US|access-date=May 12, 2017}} Aloni asked Freedman to be the third seat on the party. The party won three seats in the 1973 Israeli legislative election, and Freedman became a member of the Knesset. Ratz soon merged into Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement, but Freedman and Aryeh Eliav broke away to form the Social-Democratic Faction (later renamed the Independent Socialist Faction). Freedman served in the Knesset from 1974 to 1977. She became a strong advocate for Gay Rights movements because she came out as a lesbian to her daughter and her daughter started to isolate from her.

Prior to the 1977 elections Freedman formed the Women's Party, though she did not stand as its candidate. The party failed to cross the 1% electoral threshold though it did succeed in attracting public support for women's issues. While a member of the Knesset, Freedman was outspoken on women's issues and brought to public attention issues that had never been discussed publicly in Israel, including domestic violence, breast cancer, rape, incest, and teenage prostitution. In addition, Freedman became increasingly involved with the discussion on peace with the Palestinians. However, in her interview in 2015 with the American Jewish Peace Archive, she stated that she "was drawn into what I would call foreign policy issues because I was a member of Knesset, and that was totally accidental and unplanned" (about her involvement with the Palestinian conflict). Freedman was an early supporter of the creation of a Palestinian independent state. She was involved in communications with the Palestinian Liberation Organization and supported what is now known as the two-state solution.

Freedman helped create an advocacy and support network for women in Israel. She was a co-founder, together with Barbara Swersky and others of Israel's first shelter for battered women, established in 1977 in Haifa. Freedman left Israel and returned to the United States in 1981. She again lived in Israel from 1997 to 2002, and founded the Community of Learning Women, which provided education in women's studies and computer literacy.{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2.209/the-american-jewish-woman-who-brought-feminism-to-israel-1.264332 |title=The American Jewish woman who brought feminism to Israel - Haaretz - Israel News |publisher=Haaretz.com |date=April 22, 2020 |accessdate=May 15, 2020 |archive-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316030308/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2.209/the-american-jewish-woman-who-brought-feminism-to-israel-1.264332 |url-status=live }}

Freedman wrote an article titled "Feminist Publishing in Israel" for the Women's Studies Newsletter in 1980. She spoke about different bookstores involving feminist books in Hebrew and the six publishers that allows feminist works to be published. She also spoke about how few books on feminism were originally written in Hebrew and the minimal efforts there were to publish feminist writings.{{Cite journal|jstor = 40042475|title = Feminist Publishing in Israel|journal = Women's Studies Newsletter|volume = 8|issue = 1|pages = 29–30|last1 = Freedman|first1 = Marcia|year = 1980}}

Freedman wrote a memoir entitled, Exile in the Promised Land, and was dedicated to her father. She stated on the dedication page, "whose example I have largely followed." She was also the author of many articles and reviews.

Freedman was the founding president of Brit Tzedek v'Shalom,{{cite web|url=http://www.btvshalom.org/conference/marcia_bio.html |title=Marcia Freedman |accessdate=February 13, 2008 |publisher=Brit Tzedek v'Shalom |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913122844/http://btvshalom.org/conference/marcia_bio.html |archivedate=September 13, 2007 }}{{cite web |url=http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/freedm03.html |title=Marcia Freedman |accessdate=February 13, 2008 |author= |last= |first= |date=June 16, 2004 |work=Famous GLTB People |publisher=Matt & Andrej Koymasky |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605172755/http://andrejkoymasky.com/liv/fam/biof3/freedm03.html |url-status=live }} a pro-Israel and pro-peace organization which merged into J Street in 2010. She was also a past president of the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival.

She was married to Bill Freedman in 1961 and the marriage ended in 1975; they had one daughter. Freedman died on September 21, 2021, at the age of 83.{{cite news |last1=Bachner |first1=Michael |title=US-born ex-MK Marcia Freedman, a pioneer of Israeli women's rights, dies at 83 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/former-mk-marcia-freedman-early-pioneer-of-womens-rights-in-israel-dies-at-83/ |access-date=September 25, 2021 |work=www.timesofisrael.com |date=September 23, 2021}}{{cite news |last1=Zaig |first1=Gadi |title=Former Knesset MK Marcia Freedman passes away at 83 |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/former-knesset-mk-marcia-freedman-died-at-83-680099 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=September 23, 2021}} As of 2021, she remains the only openly lesbian woman to have served in the Knesset.

References

External links

[http://findingaids.brandeis.edu/repositories/2/resources/270 Marcia Freedman papers] held by [https://www.brandeis.edu/library/archives/index.html Robert D. Farber University Archives and Special Collections] at Brandeis University
[https://www.brandeis.edu/library/archives-speccoll/feminism-collaborative/exhibits/index.html Digital exhibit on the Marcia Freedman papers] held by [https://www.brandeis.edu/library/archives/index.html Robert D. Farber University Archives and Special Collections] at Brandeis University
[http://btvshalom.org Brit Tzedek v'Shalom legacy website]
[https://sinaichapel.org/obituarydetails.aspx?did=d37a5078-9635-4b59-8fb0-11a50bf172a7 Memorial for Marcia Freedman] Sinai Memorial Chapel, San Francisco

Category:1938 births

Category:2021 deaths

Category:20th-century American Jews

Category:American feminists

Category:American Zionists

Category:Israeli feminists

Category:Jewish feminists

Category:Jewish socialists

Category:Jewish women politicians

Category:Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–1977)

Category:American emigrants to Israel

Category:Women members of the Knesset