Margaritifera marrianae

{{Short description|Species of bivalve}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Alabama pearlshell

| image = Usfws-alabama-pearlshell-margaritifera-marrianea-large.jpg

| status = EN

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Cummings, K. |author2=Cordeiro, J. |date=2012 |title=Margaritifera marrianae |volume=2012 |page=e.T12800A509635 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T12800A509635.en |access-date=15 November 2021}}

| status2 = LE

| status2_system = ESA

| status2_ref={{cite web|url=https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3961|title=Alabama pearlshell (Margaritifera marrianae)|website=Environmental Conservation Online System|publisher=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=31 March 2023}}{{Federal Register|76|61482}}

| genus = Margaritifera

| species = marrianae

| authority = R.I. Johnson, 1983

| synonyms =

}}

Margaritifera marrianae, the Alabama pearlshell, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Margaritiferidae, the freshwater pearl mussels.

This species is endemic to the United States. Its range is limited to the Alabama River and Conecuh/Escambia River drainages.{{cite web|url=https://www.fws.gov/species/alabama-pearlshell-margaritifera-marrianae|title=Alabama Pearlshell|website=U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service|access-date=31 March 2023}} It is threatened by habitat loss and declining water quality.

The Alabama pearlshell is a medium-size, oblong mussel that grows up to {{convert|3.8|in}} in length. The shell is smooth and shiny and somewhat roughened along the posterior slope. The inside nacre is whitish or purplish and moderately iridescent.

In the past it was thought to be the same species as the Louisiana pearlshell (Margaritifera hembeli).