Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington
{{Short description|Irish novelist, journalist, and literary hostess}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = The Countess of Blessington
| image = File:The Wallace Collection (39544232701).jpg
| caption = Portrait of the Countess of Blessington by Thomas Lawrence, 1822
| birth_date = {{birth date|1789|9|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland
| birth_name = Margaret Power
| death_date = {{death date and age|1849|6|4|1789|9|1|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| occupation = Novelist, miscellaneous writer
| notableworks = Conversations with Lord Byron (1834)
| spouse = Cpt. Maurice St. Leger Farmer
(m. 1804–1817; his death)
Charles John Gardiner, 1st Earl of Blessington
(m. 1818–1829; his death)
| children =
| honorific_prefix = The Right Honourable
}}
Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington (née Power; 1 September 1789 – 4 June 1849), was an Irish novelist, journalist, and literary hostess.The Feminist Companion to Literature in English, eds Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy (London: Batsford, 1990), p. 104. She became acquainted with Lord Byron in Genoa and wrote a book about her conversations with him.Conversations with Byron, 1834.
Early life
Born Margaret Power, near Clonmel in County Tipperary, Ireland, she was a daughter of Edmund Power and Ellen Sheehy, small landowners. She was "haphazardly educated by her own reading and by her mother's friend Ann Dwyer." Her childhood was blighted by her father's character and poverty, and her early womanhood was made wretched by a compulsory marriage at the age of fifteen to Captain Maurice St. Leger Farmer, a military officer whose drunken habits finally brought him as a debtor to the King's Bench Prison, where he died by falling out of a window in October 1817. She had left him after three months.
Marguerite later moved to Hampshire to live for five years with the family of Captain Thomas Jenkins of the 11th Light Dragoons, a sympathetic and literary army officer.The Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of Blessington, Richard Robert Madden, T. C. Newby, 1855, p.34{{cite web |url=http://extra.shu.ac.uk/corvey/database/authors/datab/blessington/aabless/aablessbio.htm |title=bio of Blessington |publisher=Extra.shu.ac.uk |access-date=29 September 2013}} Jenkins introduced her to Charles Gardiner, 1st Earl of Blessington, a widower with four children (two legitimate), seven years her senior. They married at St Mary's, Bryanston Square, Marylebone, on 16 February 1818, only four months after her first husband's death.
Grand tour
File:Journal of conversation with Lord Byron.tif
Of rare beauty, charm and wit, she was no less distinguished for her generosity and for the extravagant tastes she shared with her second husband. On 25 August 1822 they set out for a continental tour with Marguerite's youngest sister, the 21-year-old Mary Anne, and servants. On the way they met Count D'Orsay (who had first become an intimate of Lady Blessington in London in 1821) in Avignon on 20 November 1822, before settling at Genoa for four months from 31 March 1823. There they met Byron on several occasions, giving Lady Blessington material for her Conversations with Lord Byron.
After that they settled for the most part in Naples, where she met the Irish writer Richard Robert Madden, who was to become her biographer. They also spent time in Florence with their friend Walter Savage Landor, author of Imaginary Conversations, which she greatly admired.
London salon
It was in Italy, on 1 December 1827, that Count D'Orsay married Harriet Gardiner, Lord Blessington's only daughter by his former wife. The Blessingtons and the newly-wed couple moved to Paris towards the end of 1828, taking up residence in the Hôtel Maréchal Ney, where the Earl suddenly died at 46 of an apoplectic stroke in 1829. D'Orsay and Harriet then accompanied Lady Blessington to England, but the couple separated soon afterwards amidst much acrimony. D'Orsay continued to live with Marguerite until her death. Their home, first at Seamore Place, now named Curzon Square, and afterwards Gore House, Kensington, now the site of the Royal Albert Hall, became a centre of attraction for all that was distinguished in literature, learning, art, science and fashion. Benjamin Disraeli wrote Venetia whilst staying there, and it was at her home that Hans Christian Andersen first met Charles Dickens.{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/hansandersenchar0000bred |url-access=registration |title=Hans Andersen and Charles Dickens: A Friendship and Its Dissolution |last1=Bredsdorff |first1=Elias |last2=Dickens |first2=Charles |date=1956 |publisher=W. Heffer |language=en}}
After her husband's death she supplemented her diminished income by contributing to various periodicals as well as by writing novels{{which?|date=January 2024}}. She was for some years editor of The Book of Beauty and The Keepsake, popular annuals of the day. In 1834 she published her Conversations with Lord Byron. Her Idler in Italy (1839–1840), and Idler in France (1841) were popular for their personal gossip and anecdotes, descriptions of nature and sentiment. Blessington became a gossip columnist for Dickens' Daily News.{{cite book | last=Wilkes | first=Roger | title=Scandal : a scurrilous history of gossip | publisher=Atlantic | publication-place=London | year=2002 | isbn=1-903809-63-0 | oclc=50434290 | page=75}}
Early in 1849, Count D'Orsay left Gore House to escape his creditors; subsequently the furniture and decorations were sold in a public sale successfully discharging Lady Blessington's debts. Lady Blessington joined the Count in Paris. They stayed at a hotel, and then moved to a residence close to Duke de Guiche (Count D'Orsay's nephew from his sister Duchess de Garmont), where they would also dined "en famille".{{Cite book |last1=Madden |first1=Richard Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saJp6WUPgPQC&dq=countess+of+blessington+autopsy&pg=PA216 |title=The Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of Blessington |last2=Blessington |first2=Marguerite |date=2012-04-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-04831-6 |language=en}}
= Death =
She died on 4 June 1849. The autopsy took place the next day, when it was discovered that enlargement of the heart to nearly double the natural size, which enlargement must have been progressing for a period of at least twenty-five years, though incipient disease of the stomach and liver had complicated the symptoms.
She was buried in the monument made by Count D'Orsay, to which he would also be buried.
Literary tributes
Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poetical illustration To Marguerite, Countess of Blessington to a portrait by Alfred Edward Chalon was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839.{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA52|section=poetical illustration 1|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}} {{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA52-IA5|section=poetical illustration 2|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}} {{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ufpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA52-IA3|section=picture|year=1838|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}
{{wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839/To Marguerite, Countess of Blessington|To Marguerite, Countess of Blessington, a poetical illustration by L. E. L.}}
Zadie Smith, “The Fraud” (2023)
Selected publications
- Conversations of Lord Byron with the Countess of Blessington (1834)
- Gems of Beauty Displayed in a Series of Twelve Highly Finished Engravings (London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, 1836), verse, illustrated by E. T. Parris
- The Passions (1838), verse
- Idler in Italy (1839–1840)
- Idler in France (1841)
- Digitized version of {{Cite book |title=Journal of conversation with Lord Byron |year=1859 |url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6396811&search_terms=DTL10
}}
Biographies
Her Literary Life and Correspondence (3 vols), edited by Richard Robert Madden, appeared in 1855. Her portrait was painted in 1822 by Sir Thomas Lawrence and can be seen in The Wallace Collection, London.
A more detailed account of the Countess's relations with D'Orsay appears in The Last of the Dandies by Nick Foulkes (2003).Reprinted as Scandalous Society. Passion and Celebrity in the Nineteenth Century (London: Abacus, 2004). {{ISBN|0349115478}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
| class="wikitable"| border: none|style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" | |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Morning Post, 5 June 1849 | style="padding-left: 8em;"|• Athenæum, 9 June 1849, p. 599 |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Memoir prefixed to Country Quarters, vol. i. pp. iii-xxiii, 1850 | style="padding-left: 8em;"|• Grantley Berkeley's Recollections, vol. iii. ch. x. Gore House, pp. 201–31, 1865 |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Jerdan's Autobiography, iv. 320-1 | style="padding-left: 8em;"|• C. Mathews's Autobiography, i. 60-165 |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Annual Register for 1849, pp. 245–6 | style="padding-left: 8em;"|• Gent. Mag. August 1849, pp. 202–3 |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Chorley's Authors of England, pp. 28–30, 1861 | style="padding-left: 8em;"|• Madden's Life of the Countess of Blessington, 3 vols. 8vo, 1855 |
| style="padding-left: 2em;"|• Illustrated London News, 9 June 1849, p. 396. |
- {{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}
- {{EB1911|wstitle=Blessington, Marguerite}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- {{Gutenberg author| id=4797}}
- {{Internet Archive author |sname=Marguerite Gardiner, Countess of Blessington}}
- {{OL author|5999656A}}
- {{UK National Archives ID}}
- [http://archives.nypl.org/cps/19425 Lady Blessington manuscript material, 1820-1849], held by the Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle, The New York Public Library, New York Public Library
- {{LCAuth|n86806871|Marguerite, Countess of Blessington|43|ue}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blessington, Marguerite, Countess of}}
Category:Women of the Regency era
Category:19th-century Irish women writers
Category:British salon-holders
Category:19th-century Irish novelists
Category:Irish women novelists
Category:Writers from County Tipperary
Category:19th-century Irish women journalists
Category:19th-century Irish non-fiction writers
Category:19th-century Irish poets
Category:19th-century Irish travel writers
Category:19th-century Irish short story writers