Marie Tůmová
{{Short description| Czech women's suffragist and teacher (1866–1925)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Marie Tůmová
| image = Marie Tůmová 1867 1925.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1866|6|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = Prague, Austrian Empire
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1925|5|1|1866|6|12|df=y}}
| death_place = Prague, Czechoslovakia
| occupation = teacher, women's suffragist, politician
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
Marie Tůmová (12 June 1866 – 1 May 1925) was a Czech women's suffragist and a teacher. In 1908, using a legal loophole, Tůmová was among the first three women to unsuccessfully run to be elected to the Bohemian Diet.
Career
= Teaching =
Marie Tůmová worked as a teacher and, during World War I, became the principal of a municipal girls' school in Žižkov – a first woman to helm a municipal school in Bohemia.{{Cite web |title=Marie Tůmová - první ředitelka dívčí měšťanské školy bojující za volební právo žen|url=https://www.msmt.cz/ministerstvo/novinar/marie-tumova |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy |language=cs}} In 1919–1925, she worked on behalf of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Education in Carpathian Ruthenia and Slovakia, but malnutrition and bad living conditions led to a fatal illness.
File:Feminists at the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance hosted in Budapest, 1913 with text.png in Budapest, 1913]]
= Activism =
Tůmová advocated for women's rights and was a member of Czech women's and teachers' associations, such as Women's National Council She was friends with a fellow teacher and suffragist Františka Plamínková, with whom she worked in the Committee for Women's Suffrage.{{Cite book |last=Feinberg |first=Melissa |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMsTuIOeCHkC&pg=PA26 |title=Elusive Equality: Gender, Citizenship, and the Limits of Democracy in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1950 |date=2006 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |isbn=978-0-8229-7103-0 |pages=26–27 |chapter=Masaryk, Feminism, and Democracy in the Czech Lands}} Tůmová represented the committee abroad, traveling to Stockholm, Rome, Bucharest, Budapest and London.
In 1908, using a legal loophole, the Committee for Women's Suffrage nominated Tůmová in the elections for the Bohemian assembly. Thus, together with Karla Máchová and Božena Zelinková, Tůmová was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet.{{Cite web |last=Boumová |first=Petra |title=Jak získaly české ženy volební právo II. : Fórum 50 % |url=https://padesatprocent.cz/cz/jak-ziskaly-ceske-zeny-volebni-pravo-ii |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=padesatprocent.cz |language=cs}} She ran in the Vysoké Mýto-Skuteč-Hlinsko voting district and received around 200 votes.{{Cite book |last=Kočišková |first=Jana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptx9EAAAQBAJ&dq=Bo%C5%BEena+Zelinkov%C3%A1&pg=PA16 |title=Ženy v politice: Role a postavení vrcholných političek v Československu 1948–1968 |date=2022-04-01 |publisher=Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press |isbn=978-80-246-5162-0 |pages=15–16 |language=cs}} None of the women candidates secured a seat in the assembly, but the general public was shocked by how many votes had been cast in their favour. The committee ran Tůmová for the next elections as well, but with similar results. Eventually, it was Božena Viková-Kunětická who became the first woman elected to the Bohemian Diet.
Personal life
Marie Tůmová was born in Prague in 1866.{{Cite web |title=TŮMOVÁ Marie 0.0.1866-1.5.1925 |url=https://biography.hiu.cas.cz/Personal/index.php?curid=137267 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Biografický slovník českých zemí}} Her parents were the journalist, writer and politician Karel Tůma{{Cite book |date=2003 |title=Tůmová, Marie (Maria Antonie) |url=https://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_T/Tumova_Marie_1866_1925.xml |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon und biographische |language=de |isbn=978-3-7001-3213-4}} and Marie Čelakovská, whose father was the poet František Čelakovský.
References
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