Mario Pani
{{Short description|Mexican architect (1911–1993)}}
{{for|the Mexican Olympic shooter|Mario Pani (sport shooter)}}
{{family name hatnote|Pani|Darqui|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mario Pani Darqui
| image =
| caption = Mario Pani Darqui
| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1911|3|29}}
| birth_place = Mexico City, Mexico
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1993|2|23|1911|3|29}}
| death_place = Mexico City, Mexico
| alma_mater = École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, National Autonomous University of Mexico
| notable works = University City of the UNAM, Mexico, Unidad Habitacional Nonoalco-Tlatelolco
| spouse = Margarita Linaae (married)
| awards = National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico) (1986)
}}
Mario Pani Darqui (March 29, 1911 – February 23, 1993) was a Mexican architect and urbanist. He was one of the most active urbanists under the Mexican Miracle, and gave form to a good part of the urban appearance of Mexico City, with emblematic buildings (nowadays characteristic of Mexico City), such as the main campus of the UNAM, the Unidad Habitacional Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (following Le Corbusier's urban principles), the Normal School of Teachers (Mexico), the National Conservatory of Music and other big housing projects called multifamiliares.
Early life and education
Mario Pani Darqui was born on March 29, 1911, in Mexico City,{{Cite book |last=Hilton |first=Ronald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZdoAAAAMAAJ |title=Who's Who in Latin America: Mexico, Central America, and Panama; Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Haiti; Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela |date=1971 |publisher=B. Ethridge |isbn=978-0-87917-021-9 |pages=91 |language=en |via=Google Books}} and moved to Europe in early childhood. His parents were Dolores Darqui and Arturo Pani–Arteaga.
Pani attended the Marist College, a Marist Brothers Catholic school in Genoa, Italy for three years (now Istituto Champagnat, Genoa); followed study at San Carlo College (Collegio San Carlo) in Milan, Italy; and the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly secondary school in Paris for four years. Pani continued his education at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris for six years.
Career
In 1938, he began the journal Arquitectura Mexico, which was published until 1979.{{cite web|title=Con los ojos de Mario Pani (With Mario Pani's eyes), in Spanish.| website=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh_gUpATJ3s}} He introduced the International Style in Mexico, and was the first promoter of big housing Tower block projects. Pani was a great innovator of the urban design of Mexico City, and was involved in the construction of some of its newer parts, developing or participating in the more ambitious and important city-developing plans of the 20th century in Mexico, like Ciudad Satélite (along with Domingo Garcia Ramos and Jose Luis Cuevas), Tlatelolco, the Juárez and Miguel Alemán tower blocks, and the condominium in Paseo de la Reforma, the first of its type in Mexico.
He would found the National College of Architects (Mexico) in 1946.
Works
Image:Conservatorio Nacional de Música de México.jpg
Pani's works include:
- Hotel Reforma (Paseo de la Reforma at Paris street, Mexico City, 1936)
- Escuela Nacional de Maestros (Mexico City, 1945), designed with Enrique Yáñez{{Cite book |last=Burian |first=Edward R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1y9MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |title=Modernity and the Architecture of Mexico |date=2010-06-28 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-79166-4 |pages=83 |language=en}}
- National Conservatory of Music of Mexico (Mexico City, 1946)
- Hotel Plaza, now Secretariat of Urban Development and Housing
- Secretaria de Recursos Hidráulicos (Mexico City, 1946, currently Embassy Suites)
- Centro Urbano Presidente Alemán (Mexico City, 1949)
- Centro Urbano Presidente Juárez (Mexico City, 1950, more than 50% destroyed after the 1985 earthquake)
- Ciudad Universitaria of the UNAM (1950–1953) based on main plan designed by then student Teodoro Gonzalez de Leon
- Ciudad Satélite (1956–1952)
- Insurgentes 300 condiminium (Colonia Roma, Mexico City 1958)[https://www.letraslibres.com/mexico-espana/insurgentes-300-un-fantasma-la-modernidad Georgina Cebey, “Insurgentes 300: un fantasma de la modernidad” Letras Libres, 2014]
- Torre Insignia (Mexico City, 1962)
- Unidad Habitacional Nonoalco-Tlatelolco (Mexico City, 1964, severely damaged after the 1985 earthquake)
- Port of Entry, Nogales, Sonora
- Reforma 268 (condominium)
- Condominium on Río Guadalquivir between Paseo de la Reforma and Río Volga, Colonia Cuauhtémoc
Awards and tributes
- 1986: National Prize for Arts and Sciences "fine arts"
- On March 29, 2018, Google celebrated his 107th birthday with a Google Doodle.{{cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/mario-panis-107th-birthday/|title=Mario Pani's 107th Birthday|website=Google|date=29 March 2018}}
See also
Gallery
Image:Torre Banobras, Mexico City, by Mario Pani.jpg|Torre Insignia, a.k.a. Banobras Tower
File:Torres de Satélite - 2.jpg|The Torres de Satélite, landmark of Ciudad Satélite, a Mexico City suburb
Image:CU-Mexico-rectoria-2.jpg|Rectory Tower of the Ciudad Universitaria campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City
Image:Vista_Aérea_del_CUPA.JPG |Multifamiliar Miguel Alemán, Mexico City
Image:Condominio Reforma Pani.jpg|Condominium on Paseo de la Reforma and Ave. Río Guadalquivir, Mexico City
Image:Hotel Reforma Mario Pani.JPG|Hotel Reforma, Mexico City (1936)
Image:PlazaHotel Pani.JPG|Hotel Plaza (1946), now Secretariat of Urban Development and Housing, Mexico City
Image:SateliteNomenclatura1.jpg|Ciudad Satélite (master plan), Greater Mexico City
Image:Vista desde el edificio Chihuahua.jpg|Conjunto Urbano Nonoalco Tlatelolco, Mexico City
Image:Edificio Unidad Habitacional Santa Fe.JPG|Unidad Habitacional Santa Fé, Mexico City
Image:Unidad Habitacional Jamaica.jpg|Unidad Habitacional Jamaica, Mexico City
Image:Reforma 368, Mexico City (Mario Pani, architect).jpg|Reforma 368 (1956)
Image:Howard_Johnson_Macro_Plaza_Hotel_in_Monterrey.jpg|Condominio Acero, Macroplaza, Monterrey
Image:Parque España 55 - Mario Pani.jpg|Parque España 55, Colonia Condesa, Mexico City, apartments tower.
{{Commons category|Mario Pani Darqui}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Mario Pani. La construcción de la modernidad/ Miquel Adrià (Ediciones G.Gilli, S.A. de C.V.-CONACULTA, México, 2005)
- La idea del apartamento en México durante el Movimiento Moderno: El proyecto de habitación colectiva en la obra de Carlos Obregón Santacilia, Francisco J. Serrano y Mario Pani. Pérez-Duarte Fernandez, Alejandro (México: PUBLICIA, 2013). {{ISBN|3639551567}}
External links
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh_gUpATJ3s Youtube.com video: Con los ojos de Mario − Pani I (With Mario Pani's eyes, part I)]—{{in lang|es}}
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Category:Modernist architects from Mexico
Category:Architecture firms of Mexico
Category:Architects from Mexico City
Category:École des Beaux-Arts alumni
Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Category:Mexican people of Italian descent