Marivan

The city is populated by ethnic Kurds and the people of Marivan speak Kurdish.{{Cite journal|url=https://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-860-en.html|title = Cognate Status on Kurdish–Persian Bilingual Individuals' Ability to Retrieve Cognate and Non–Cognate Verbs|journal = Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies|date = 10 March 2019|volume = 9|pages = 24|last1 = Barani Zaghe|first1 = Nariman|last2 = Mehri|first2 = Azar|last3 = Jalaie|first3 = Shohreh|last4 = Moradi|first4 = Ronak}}

The linguistic composition of the city:{{Cite web|title=Language distribution: Kordestan Province|url=http://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.language-distribution.kordestan#eyJ0IjoieCIsImkiOiIyYzg5NmZiZWU2ZmNiZTNmNWQ3ODZkNGNjNzJjNmZjMyIsInMiOjE2MzI3MjI2MzIxMTB9|access-date=26 September 2021|website=Iran Atlas}}{{bar box|title=Marivan linguistic composition|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Language|right1=percent|float=|bars={{bar percent|Central Kurdish|blue|80}}

{{bar percent|Hawrami|red|19}}

{{bar percent|New Persian|orange|1}}}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 91,664 in 22,440 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kurdistan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/12.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092008/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/12.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 110,464 people in 29,743 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kurdistan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kurdistan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119120701/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Kurdistan.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 136,654 people in 39,368 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kurdistan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_12.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508185635/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_12.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=8 May 2022}}

{{clear}}

{{Weather box

|width=auto

|location= Marivan

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|Jan high C= 5.3

|Feb high C= 7.2

|Mar high C= 13.6

|Apr high C= 17.6

|May high C= 25.2

|Jun high C= 31.7

|Jul high C= 36.2

|Aug high C= 35.7

|Sep high C= 31.2

|Oct high C= 24.5

|Nov high C= 16.0

|Dec high C= 8.4

|Jan low C = -4.5

|Feb low C = -3.2

|Mar low C = 2.2

|Apr low C = 5.8

|May low C = 10.2

|Jun low C = 14.2

|Jul low C = 18.4

|Aug low C = 17.9

|Sep low C = 12.9

|Oct low C = 8.0

|Nov low C = 2.8

|Dec low C = -2.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 172

|Feb precipitation mm = 159

|Mar precipitation mm = 160

|Apr precipitation mm = 106

|May precipitation mm = 45

|Jun precipitation mm = 0

|Jul precipitation mm = 0

|Aug precipitation mm = 0

|Sep precipitation mm = 0

|Oct precipitation mm = 27

|Nov precipitation mm = 88

|Dec precipitation mm = 121

|source 1 = Climate-Data.org{{cite web

| url = https://it.climate-data.org/asia/iran/kurdistan/marivan-5604/

| title = Climate: Marivan

| access-date =2020-04-14}}

}}

The archaeological site of Tepe Qaleh Naneh is located in the Marivan plain near the city of Marivan. It is a large site that extends to the south and around the modern city.

Lake Zaribar is roughly at the centre of the Marivan plain. The settlement of Qaleh Naneh goes back to the Late Chalcolithic period. During that time, this already became a complex society, and had extensive cultural and commercial links with the neighbouring regions.Binandeh, A., Di Paolo, S. 2023, [https://nbsh.basu.ac.ir/article_5318_374ea4616889791c48a9a48ee0385921.pdf A Recent Archaeological Project in the Iranian Kurdistan.]

Iranian Scientific Archaeological Association.

A joint Italo-Iranian project, ‘Qaleh Naneh: Text Excavations and Survey in the Marivan Valley’ (QaNaTES), is now conducting the scientific investigations in this region of Marivan. It is focusing on the area of the Lake Zarībār and the valley of Marivan, and their development during the Bronze and Iron Ages (ca. 3000-600 BCE).[http://qanates.ispc.cnr.it/en/1/home QaNaTES project website]

The region of Qaleh Naneh is mentioned in cuneiform texts from the time of Amar-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC), the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. A series of ancient place-names is known, that referred to journeys along the mountain roads between Qaleh Naneh area and the Tanjero river valley in Iraq.[http://qanates.ispc.cnr.it/en/108/historical-background QaNaTES: historical background]

So this area has long time cultural and trade connections to the Diyala valley in Iraq. Especially the area around the modern Iraqi city of Halabja is relevant. That's where the Tanjero river joins Sirwan river and together they form the Diyala valley. Traditionally, the Diyala valley provided an important trade route between Iran and Iraq.[http://qanates.ispc.cnr.it/en/108/historical-background QaNaTES: historical background]

At the time of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC), the plain of Marivan belonged to 'the region of Zamua', that was probably politically autonomous. The region served as the western frontier of the Medes during the reign of Diyako. The region continued as a major trade post during the reign of Dariush III.

Some ancient texts also refer to 'a sea of Zamua'. There has been considerable confusion in past scholarship about this location. Although Assyriologist Adolf Billerbeck (1834-1908)D.T. Potts 2022, [https://www.academia.edu/88789513/ Adolf Billerbeck: A Contribution to the Biography of a Forgotten Soldier and Scholar.] Archiv für Orientforschung 55: 117-135 identified it with Lake Zaribar as early as 1898, other scholars also preferred to identify it with the much bigger Lake Urmia, that is also located in Iran, but a very considerable distance (about 250km) directly to the north of Zaribar.[http://qanates.ispc.cnr.it/en/108/historical-background QaNaTES: historical background]

{{Portal-inline|Iran}}

• Shahrizor plain

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{{reflist}}

• [http://www.marivan.gov.ir Government of Marivan]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130926040021/http://marivannews.ir/ Marivan News]

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{{Kurdistan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Marivan County|state=collapsed}}

Category:Cities in Kurdistan province

Category:Populated places in Marivan County

Category:Iran–Iraq border crossings

Category:Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan province

{{Marivan-geo-stub}}