Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer

{{Infobox spacecraft instrument

| Name = Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer

| Image =

| Caption =

| Operator = Spanish National Research Council

| Manufacturer = Spanish Astrobiology Center (CSIC-INTA)

| Type = Suite of environmental sensors

| Function = Measure dust size, morphology, weather

| Mission_Duration = 1 Mars year{{cite web |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/ |title=Mission: Overview |publisher=NASA |access-date=March 7, 2015}}

| Began =

| Ceased =

| Webpage =

| Mass = 5.5 kg (12 lb)

| Dimensions =

| Power_consumption = 17 watts

| Data_Rate =

| Spacecraft = Mars 2020 Perseverance rover

| Launch = July 30, 2020

| Rocket = Atlas V 541

| Launch_Site = Cape Canaveral SLC-41

| COSPAR =

}}

File:Pia19164-main rems from pia19142.jpg

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) is an instrument on board the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover that will characterize the dust size and morphology, as well as surface weather.[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.P11B2097T The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA): A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Rover]. Tamppari, L.; Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A.; de la Torre-Juárez, M.; Bridges, N.; Conrad, P. G.; Genzer, M.; Gomez, F.; Gomez-Elvira, J.; Harri, A. M.; Lemmon, M. T.; Martinez, G.; Navarro, S.; Newman, C. E.; Perez-Hoyos, S.; Prieto, O.; Ramos, M.; Saiz-Lopez, A.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Schofield, J. T.; Smith, M. D. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2015, abstract #P11B-2097[https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/meda/ Mars 2020 - MEDA Specifications]. NASA, 2016. Specifically, the information obtained will help address future human exploration objectives, as dust sizes and shapes, daily weather report and information on the radiation and wind patterns on Mars, that are critical for proper design of in situ resource utilization systems. MEDA is a follow-on project from REMS, of the Curiosity rover mission.{{cite journal|url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/2837.pdf |title=MEDA: An Environmental and Meteorological Package for Mars 2020|access-date=November 12, 2022|journal=45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014)}} MEDA has an increased scope, with greater data collection on Mars dust which contributes to overall Mars program objectives and discovery goals.

The instrument suite was developed and provided by the Spanish Astrobiology Center at the Spanish National Research Council in Madrid, Spain. On April 8, 2021, NASA reported the first MEDA weather report on Mars: for April 3–4, 2021, the high was "minus-7.6 degrees, and a low of minus-117.4 degrees ... [winds] gusting to ... 22 mph".{{cite news |last=Cappucci |first=Matthew |title=NASA receives first weather reports from Perseverance rover on Mars at Jezero Crater - The weather data is crucial as the first flight of Ingenuity draws near |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/04/08/nasa-perseverence-jezero-weather/ |date=April 8, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |accessdate=April 8, 2021 }}

Scientific team members

The Principal Investigator is José Antonio Rodríguez Manfredi and the Deputy Principal Investigator is Manuel de la Torre Juarez (JPL-NASA).{{Cite web|last=Juarez|first=Manuel de la Torre|title=JPL Science: Manuel de la Torre Juarez|url=https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/delatorrejuarez/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=science.jpl.nasa.gov|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=MEDA Team Members - NASA Mars|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/instruments/meda/team-members/|access-date=2021-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011925/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/instruments/meda/team-members/|archive-date=2020-07-17}}

List of coinvestigators and their affiliations:

class="wikitable"

| colspan="2" |Nathan Bridges

Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory

Laurel, Maryland

| colspan="2" |Olga Prieto-Ballesteros

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

Madrid, Spain

| colspan="2" |Pamela Conrad

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

colspan="2" |Miguel Ramos

Universidad de Alcala de Henares

Madrid, Spain

| colspan="2" |Javier Gomez-Elvira

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

Madrid, Spain

| colspan="2" |Alfonso Saiz-Lopez

Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Instituto de Quimica Fisica Rocasolano

Madrid, Spain

colspan="2" |Felipe Gomez-Gomez

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

Madrid, Spain

| colspan="2" |Agustin Sanchez-Lavega

Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU

Bilbao, Biscay, Spain

| colspan="2" |Ari-Matti Harri

Ilmatieteen Laitos

Helsinki, Finland

colspan="2" |John SchofieldNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Pasadena, California

| colspan="2" |Mark LemmonTexas A & M

College Station, Texas

| colspan="2" |Eduardo Sebastian

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

Madrid, Spain

colspan="2" |German Martinez

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

| colspan="2" |Michael Smith

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland

| colspan="2" |Sara Navarro Lopez

Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial

Madrid, Spain

colspan="3" | Leslie Tamppari

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Pasadena, California

| colspan="3" | Claire Newman

Aeolis Research

Pasadena, California

Overview

Dust dominates Mars' weather the way that water dominates Earth's weather. Martian weather cannot be predicted unless dust behavior is studied and understood in the weather context.[https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/ipm2016/pdf/4114.pdf MEDA, THE ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS ANALYZER FOR MARS 2020] (PDF). J. A. Rodriguez-Manfredi,

M. de la Torre, J. S. Boland, et al. 3rd International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions (2016). MEDA is a suite of environmental sensors designed to record dust optical properties and six atmospheric parameters: wind speed/direction, pressure, relative humidity, air temperature, ground temperature, and radiation (UV, visible, and IR ranges of the spectrum).[https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/meda/for-scientists/ Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA)]. Mars 2020 Rover, NASA. 2015.

The technology used on MEDA was inherited from the REMS package operating on the Curiosity rover and the TWINS package on InSight lander. The sensors are located on the rover's mast and on the deck, front and interior of the rover's body. It records data whether the rover is active or not, at both day and night. The instruments will collect data for 5 minutes every 30 minutes.

Parameter	Performance/units
class="wikitable"
Mass	{{convert\|5.5\|kg\|abbr=on}}
Power	Max 17 watts
Data return	≈11 megabytes
Temperature	accuracy: 5 K resolution: 0.1 K
Relative humidity	accuracy of 10% in the 200-323 K range
Pressure	Range: 1 to 1150 Pa accuracy: 20 Pa resolution: 0.5 Pa
Radiation	eight upward looking photodiodes: • 255 +/– 5 nm for the O₃ • 295 +/– 5 nm for the O₃ • 250–400 nm for total UV • 450±40 nm for MastCam-Z cross-calibration • 650 +/– 25 nm for SuperCam cross-calibration • 880 +/–5 nm for MastCam-Z cross-calibration • 950 +/– 50 nm for NIR • one panchromatic (300-1000 nm) filter
Wind	accuracy: 2 m/sec resolution: 0.5 m/sec