Marshall Curry

{{short description|American film director (born 1970)}}

{{Use American English|date = September 2019}}

{{Use mdy dates|date = September 2019}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Marshall Curry

| image = Marshall Curry at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival (cropped).jpg

| caption = Curry at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|49|2019|04|27}}

| birth_place = Summit, New Jersey, US

| alma_mater = Swarthmore College {{Small|(BA)}}

| occupation = Cinematographer, director, producer, editor

}}

Marshall Curry (born {{Circa|1970}}) is an American documentary director, producer, cinematographer and editor. His films include Street Fight, Racing Dreams, If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front, Point and Shoot, and A Night at the Garden. His first fiction film was the Academy Award-winning short film The Neighbors' Window (2019). {{Cite web|url= https://thinkshorts.com/6220/the-neighbors-window |title=The Neighbors' Window – Think Shorts|website=ThinkShorts.com|access-date=2020-02-09}}

Life and career

Curry grew up in Summit, New Jersey, graduating from Summit High School in 1988.Cahillane, Kevin. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/05/nyregion/in-person-the-smartest-guy-in-summit.html?pagewanted=all "In Person: The Smartest Guy in Summit?]", The New York Times. March 5, 2006. Accessed October 14, 2018. "So, for one night at least -- the Oscars are Sunday night -- Summit will be in the spotlight as Mr. Gibney joins Marshall Curry (Summit High School class of 1988 and director of the film "Street Fight," about the 2002 Newark mayoral election) as an Academy Award nominee in the Best Feature Documentary category." He attended Swarthmore College, graduating in 1992[http://www.swarthmore.edu/x30289.xml Marshall Curry '92 Chases Racing Dreams, His Second Award-Winning Documentary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014015241/http://www.swarthmore.edu/x30289.xml |date=2011-10-14 }} from Swarthmore College with a major in comparative religion.{{cite web |url=http://www.swarthmore.edu/x34758.xml |title=Swarthmore College | News | Marshall Curry '92 Receives Second Academy Award Nomination |accessdate=2012-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131213231/http://www.swarthmore.edu/x34758.xml |archivedate=2012-01-31 }}, a January 25, 2012 article from Swarthmore College News He was also a Jane Addams Fellow at Indiana University's Center on Philanthropy.[https://www.hrw.org/iff/2005/traveling/images/streetfightpresskit.pdf Street Fight press kit] from Human Rights Watch Before becoming a filmmaker, Curry worked as senior producer at Icon Nicholson, a New York multimedia design firm.{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/streetfight/bio.php |title=Bio | Street Fight |work= POV |publisher=PBS |date=2014-06-18 |accessdate=2014-06-22}}

Curry's first film, Street Fight, was released in 2005 and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2006.{{cite web|title=Street Fight Nominated for Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature |url=http://www.macfound.org/press/from-field/street-fight-nominated-academy-award-best-documentary-feature/|website=MacArthur Foundation|accessdate=19 May 2015}} The film received a 100% fresh rating from Rotten Tomatoes.{{cite web|title=Street Fight (2005)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10006588-street_fight/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|date=April 23, 2005 |accessdate=19 May 2015}} It was called "extraordinary" by David Denby (The New Yorker),{{cite magazine|last1=Denby|first1=David|title=Candid Cameras|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/03/06/candid-cameras|magazine=The New Yorker|accessdate=14 May 2015}} and was described as "vastly entertaining" by John Anderson of Variety,{{cite web|last1=Anderson|first1=John|title=Review: 'Street Fight'|url=https://variety.com/2005/film/awards/street-fight-2-1200525286/|website=Variety|date=June 8, 2005 |accessdate=14 May 2015}} and "filmmaking of the first order" by Scott Foundas of LA Weekly.{{cite web|last1=Foundas|first1=Scott|title=Dirty Deeds|url=http://www.laweekly.com/film/dirty-deeds-2142120|website=LA Weekly|date=February 22, 2006 }} That year he was named one of "25 New Faces in Independent Film" by Filmmaker Magazine{{cite web|title=25 NEW FACES OF INDEPENDENT FILM 2005|url=http://www.filmmakermagazine.com/archives/issues/summer2005/features/25_faces1-5.php#.VVtXk1VVhBc|website=Filmmaker Magazine|accessdate=19 May 2015}} and received the Donnet Award for Emerging Filmmaker by the International Documentary Association.{{cite web|title=2012 Jacqueline Donnet Emerging Documentary Filmmaker Award: David France|url=http://www.documentary.org/news/2012-jacqueline-donnet-emerging-documentary-filmmaker-award-david-france|website=International Documentary Association|date=November 5, 2012 |accessdate=19 May 2015}}

In 2009, his second film, Racing Dreams, won Best Documentary at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival, where it was also runner up for the Audience Award.{{cite news|last1=O'Neil|first1=Tom|title=Tribeca Film Festival Awards|url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/04/tribeca-film-festival-awards.html|newspaper=LA Times|accessdate=14 May 2015}} It received a 100% fresh rating from Rotten Tomatoes.{{cite web|title=Racing Dreams (2010)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/racing_dream/|website=Rotten Tomatoes|date=May 21, 2010 |accessdate=19 May 2015}} The film was called "The best film of the year" by The Los Angeles Times and "one of the rare documentaries you leave wishing it was a little longer" by The New York Times.{{cite news|title=Too Young for Driver's Licenses, but With Full-Throttle Ambitions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/09/movies/09racing.html|website=The New York Times|date=July 8, 2010 |accessdate=14 May 2015|last1=Holden |first1=Stephen }}

In 2011, If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front won the award for Best Documentary Editing at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, was theatrically released by Oscilloscope Laboratories and earned Curry his second Academy Award nomination. Kenneth Turan of The Los Angeles Times called it "one of the best documentaries of the year"{{cite web|last1=Turan|first1=Kenneth|title=Kenneth Turan's film picks: 'If a Tree Falls,' 'Honeymoon Killers' |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/07/kenneth-turans-film-picks-if-a-tree-falls-honeymoon-killers.html|website=Los Angeles Times|date=July 21, 2011 |accessdate=14 May 2015}} and The New York Times described it as "an extraordinary documentary... [a] fearless exploration of complexity in a world drawn to oversimplified depictions of events and problems, heroes and villains."{{cite web|last1=Revkin|first1=Andrew|title=If a Tree Falls, Can it Win an Oscar?|url=http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/13/if-a-tree-falls-can-it-win-an-oscar/|website=The New York Times|date=December 13, 2011 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}

In 2014, Curry's film Point and Shoot won Best Documentary at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival{{cite news|last1=O'Connell|first1=Max|title=2014 Tribeca Film Festival Winners Include 'Zero Motivation,' 'Point and Shoot' and more|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/2014-tribeca-film-festival-winners-include-zero-motivation-point-and-shoot-manos-sucias-keep-on-keepin-on|accessdate=23 October 2014|work=Indiewire|date=24 April 2014}} and was released theatrically by The Orchard.{{cite news|last1=Kilday|first1=Greg|title=Marshall Curry's Tribeca-Winning Doc 'Point and Shoot' Goes to The Orchard|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/marshall-currys-tribeca-winning-doc-723542|accessdate=23 October 2014|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=5 August 2014}} The film was given an "A" grade by John Anderson of Indiewire, who said it was "a virtual swashbuckler".{{cite web|last1=Anderson|first1=John|title=ribeca Film Festival Review: Why Marshall Curry's 'Point and Shoot' Is Due For a Hollywood Remake|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/tribeca-film-festival-review-why-marshall-currys-point-and-shoot-is-due-for-a-hollywood-remake|website=Indiewire|date=April 21, 2014 |accessdate=19 May 2015}} It was called "brilliantly constructed and provocative" by Peter Keough of The Boston Globe,{{cite web|last1=Keough|first1=Peter|title='Point and Shoot' takes aim at a hero of our time|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2014/11/20/movie-review-point-and-shoot-takes-aim-hero-our-time/MBgdHFhLF83wk8j12LXwzH/story.html|website=The Boston Globe|accessdate=19 May 2015}} "riveting... an extraordinary and quietly disturbing film" by David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter,{{cite web|last1=Rooney|first1=David|title='Point and Shoot': Provincetown Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/point-shoot-provincetown-review-715053|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=June 25, 2014 |accessdate=19 May 2015}} and Jay Weissberg of Variety said the "editing is a standout."{{cite web|last1=Weissberg|first1=Jay|title=Film Review: 'Point and Shoot'|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/film-review-point-and-shoot-1201347421/|website=Variety|date=November 5, 2014 |accessdate=19 May 2015}}

In 2017, Curry released the Academy Award nominated{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/oscar-nominations-2019-complete-list-nominees-1172407|title=Oscars: 'Roma,' 'Favourite' Top Nominations With 10 Apiece|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 22, 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-21}} short film A Night at the Garden, a documentary about a 1939 German American Bund rally at Madison Square Garden, which attracted 20,000 Nazi supporters.{{cite news|last1=Buder|first1=Emily|title=When 20,000 American Nazis Descended Upon New York City|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/542499/marshall-curry-nazi-rally-madison-square-garden-1939/|accessdate=6 December 2017|publisher=The Atlantic|date=10 October 2017|quote=In 1939, the German American Bund organized a rally of 20,000 Nazi supporters at Madison Square Garden in New York City.}} Curry said of the film, "It tells a story about our country that we'd prefer to forget."

Curry's first narrative, the short film, The Neighbors' Window, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in April 2019.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/a-poignant-private-look-inside-your-neighbors-window|title=A Poignant, Private Look Inside Your 'Neighbor's Window'|last=Grove|first=Lloyd|date=2019-04-27|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2019-08-14|language=en}} It won the Best Live Action Short Film at the 92nd Academy Awards.{{Cite web|url=https://oscar.go.com/news/nominations/short-film-live-action-oscar-nominations-2020|title=Short Film (Live Action) Oscar Nominations 2020|last=|first=|date=|website=oscar.go.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-14}}

Curry lives in Brooklyn, New York.{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/ifatreefalls/bio.php |title=Bio | If a Tree Falls | POV |publisher=PBS |date=2014-06-18 |accessdate=2014-06-22}}

Filmography

class="wikitable sortable" border="none" style="margin:0"
valign="bottom"

! scope="col"| Year !! scope="col"| Title !! scope="col"| Role !! scope="col"| Notes

2005Street FightDirector, producer, cinematographer, editorNominee - Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
2009Racing DreamsDirector, producer, cinematographer, editor
2011If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation FrontDirector, producer, editorNominee - Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
2013Mistaken for StrangersExecutive producer, additional editor
2014We the EconomyDirector, writerEpisode 12: An Amazing Animated Film on the Debt and the Deficit
2014Point and ShootDirector, producer, editor
2017Something Out of NothingDirector, producer
2017Funeral for a 747Director
2017A Night at the GardenDirector, producer, editorNominee - Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)
2017The National: Something Out of NothingDirector
2019The Neighbors' WindowDirector, producer, editor, writerWinner - Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film

Awards

=''[[Street Fight (film)|Street Fight]]''=

  • Academy Award, Best Documentary Feature (nominee){{cite web|title=The 78th Academy Awards|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006|website=Oscars.org|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Emmy Award, Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story: Long Form (nominee){{cite web|title=Award-winning Racing Dreams Follows Three Tweens With Supercharged NASCAR Ambitions|url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/pressroom/2012/racing-dreams-on-pov-pbs-february-23-2012.php|website=PBS|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Tribeca Film Festival, Audience Award (winner){{cite web|url=http://www.itvs.org/films/street-fight/filmmaker |title=Street Fight - Filmmaker |publisher=ITVS |date= |accessdate=2014-06-22}}
  • Hot Docs Film Festival, Audience Award (winner){{cite web|title=2005 Hot Docs Award Archive|url=http://www.hotdocs.ca/archive/2005_hot_docs_awards_archive|website=Hot Docs|accessdate=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417051406/http://www.hotdocs.ca/archive/2005_hot_docs_awards_archive|archive-date=17 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
  • Hot Docs Film Festival, Best International Documentary (winner){{cite web|title=2005 Hot Docs Awards Archive|url=http://www.hotdocs.ca/archive/2005_hot_docs_awards_archive|website=Hot Docs|accessdate=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417051406/http://www.hotdocs.ca/archive/2005_hot_docs_awards_archive|archive-date=17 April 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
  • AFI/Discovery Silverdocs Film Festival, Audience Award (winner){{cite web|title=SILVERDOCS: AFI/Discovery Channel Documentary Festival Announces Festival Winners|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/silverdocs-afidiscovery-channel-documentary-festival-announces-festival-winners-54738832.html|website=PR Newswire|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Ashland Independent Film Festival, Best Documentary (winner){{cite web|url=http://www.ashlandfilm.org/Page.asp?NavID=622 |title= Ashland Independent Film Festival|publisher=AshlandFilm.org |date= |accessdate=2014-06-22}}
  • WatchDocs Human Rights International Film Festival, Audience Award (winner){{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.watchdocs.pl/2014/f/awards-article-31-en.html|website=Watch Docs|accessdate=19 May 2015}}
  • Chicago International Film Festival, Award for Excellence in Television (winner)
  • Cine, Golden Eagle Award (winner)
  • IDA, Jacqueline Donnet Filmmaker Award (winner)
  • IDA, Distinguished Documentary Achievement Award (nominee)
  • Writers Guild of America Award for Best Documentary Screenplay (nominee){{cite web|last1=Scott|first1=Gabriel|title=Writers Guild Announces Nominees for the 2006 Documentary Screenplay Award|url=http://wga.org/subpage_newsevents.aspx?id=1536|website=Writers Guild of America|accessdate=19 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124191425/http://wga.org/subpage_newsevents.aspx?id=1536|archive-date=January 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}
  • American Library Association, VRT Notable Videos{{cite web|title=2007 Notable Videos for Adults|url=http://www.ala.org/vrt/notablevideos/notables2007|website=American Library Association|date=June 25, 2007 |accessdate=19 May 2015}}

=''[[Racing Dreams]]''=

{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/pressroom/2012/racing-dreams-on-pov-pbs-february-23-2012.php |title=Award-winning Racing Dreams Follows Three Tweens With Supercharged NASCAR Ambitions; Special POV Broadcast Thursday, Feb. 23, 2012 on PBS | Press Room | POV |publisher=PBS |date= |accessdate=2014-06-22}}

  • Tribeca Film Festival, Best Documentary (winner){{cite news|last1=Itzkoff|first1=Dave|title=Tribeca Film Festival Names Prizewinners|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/01/movies/01trib.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 2009 }}
  • Nashville Film Festival, Best Documentary (winner){{cite web|last1=Ridley|first1=Jim|title=Hipsters,' 'The Colonel's Bride,' 'Racing Dreams,' Van Peebles Cop Prizes at NaFF|url=http://www.nashvillescene.com/pitw/archives/2010/04/22/hipsters-the-colonels-bride-racing-dreams-van-peebles-cop-prizes-at-naff|website=Nashville Scene|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Florida Film Festival, Audience Award for Best Documentary Feature (winner){{cite web|last1=Knegt|first1=Peter|title="Winter's Bone," "Flag" Top Florida Fest Winners|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/winters_bone_flag_top_florida_fest_winners|website=Indiewire|date=April 19, 2010 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Indianapolis International Film Festival, Audience Award (winner){{cite web|last1=Mandel|first1=Nora Lee|title=Racing Dreams|url=http://film-forward.com/racingdreams.html|website=Film-Forward|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Chicago International Film Festival, Silver Hugo Award (winner){{cite web|title=Racing Dreams Awards|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1152840/awards?ref_=tt_ql_4|website=IMDB|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Jacksonville Film Festival, Best Documentary (winner){{cite web|title=Racing Dreams|url=http://www.icus.us/featured-films-2010/racing-dreams/|website=International Cinema US|accessdate=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092423/http://www.icus.us/featured-films-2010/racing-dreams/|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=dead}}

=''[[If a Tree Falls|If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front]]''=

{{cite web|url=http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/print/if.html |title=If A Tree Falls | Bullfrog Films: 1-800-543-3764: Environmental DVDs and Educational DVDs |publisher=Bullfrog Films |date= |accessdate=2014-06-22}}

  • Academy Award, Best Documentary Feature (nominee){{cite web|title=The 84th Academy Awards 2012|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2012|website=Oscars.org|date=October 7, 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTcNX_n3lIQ Undefeated Wins Documentary Feature; 2012 Oscars]
  • Sundance Film Festival, Best Documentary Editing (winner){{cite web|title=If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front|url=http://history.sundance.org/films/6849/if_a_tree_falls_a_story_of_the_earth_liberation_front|website=Sundance Institute|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Dallas International Film Festival, Environmental Visions Award (winner){{cite web|title=2011 DALLAS International Film Festival Announces Award Winners|url=http://www.vimooz.com/2011/04/09/2011-dallas-international-film-festival-announces-award-winners-jess-moss-wins-best-film/|website=Vimooz|date=April 9, 2011 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Miami International Film Festival, Knight Dox Competition Grand Jury Prize (nominee)[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1787725/awards If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front - Awards - IMDb]
  • Miami International Film Festival, Knight Dox Competition Special Mention (winner)
  • Nashville Film Festival, Best Documentary (winner){{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Nigel M.|title="Weekend" & "If a Tree Falls" Win Big in Nashville|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/weekend_if_a_tree_falls_win_big_in_nashville|website=Indiewire|date=April 20, 2011 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Traverse City Film Festival, Founders Award for Best Documentary (winner)
  • Santa Cruz Film Festival, Earthvision Environmental Jury Prize (winner){{cite web|title=Santa Cruz Film Festival Awards|url=http://www.santacruzchamber.org/EXTERNAL/WCPAGES/WCNEWS/NEWSARTICLEDISPLAY.ASPX?ArticleID=181|website=Santa Cruz Chamber of Commerce|accessdate=14 May 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090941/http://www.santacruzchamber.org/EXTERNAL/WCPAGES/WCNEWS/NEWSARTICLEDISPLAY.ASPX?ArticleID=181|archivedate=18 May 2015}}
  • Flagstaff Mountain Film Festival, Best Feature (winner)
  • Creative Capital Award, Moving Image

=''[[Point and Shoot (film)|Point and Shoot]]''=

  • Tribeca Film Festival, Best Documentary Feature (winner){{cite web|last1=O'Connell|first1=Max|title=2014 Tribeca Film Festival Winners Include 'Zero Motivation,' 'Point and Shoot' and more|url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/2014-tribeca-film-festival-winners-include-zero-motivation-point-and-shoot-manos-sucias-keep-on-keepin-on|website=Indiewire|date=April 25, 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Emmy Award, Outstanding Graphic Design & Art Direction (nominee)[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000493/2016/1 News & Documentary Emmy Awards (2016) - IMDb]
  • Gotham Award, Best Documentary Feature (nominee){{cite web|last1=Lewis|first1=Hilary|title=2014 Gotham Award Nominations Revealed|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/2014-gotham-award-nominations-revealed-743289|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=October 23, 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • IDA Documentary Award, Best Documentary Feature (nominee){{cite web|last1=Busch|first1=Anita|title='Citizenfour,' 'The Sixties' Among IDA Documentary Award Nominees|url=https://deadline.com/2014/10/citizenfour-the-sixties-tales-of-the-grim-sleeper-ida-documentary-nominees-full-list-1201266507/|website=Deadline|date=October 29, 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Cinema Eye Honors, Outstanding Achievement in Editing (nominee)
  • Independent Film Festival Boston, Special Jury Prize (winner){{cite web|last1=Malcuit|first1=Caitlin|title=IFF Boston Winners Announced|url=http://www.thebackstagebeat.com/2014/05/iff-boston-winners-announced/|website=The Backstage Beat|accessdate=14 May 2015}}
  • Little Rock Film Festival, Special Jury Prize for Courage in Filmmaking (winner){{cite web|title=LRFF2014 Grand Prize Winners|url=http://www.littlerockfilmfestival.org/2014/05/29/lrff2014-grand-prize-winners/|website=Little Rock Film Festival|accessdate=14 May 2015}}

=''[[A Night at the Garden]]''=

  • Academy Award, Best Documentary Short (nominee)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wap5W4v_B_g "Period. End of Sentence." wins Best Documentary Short Film-Oscars on YouTube]

=''[[The Neighbors' Window]]''=

  • Academy Award, Best Live Action Short (Winner){{cite web|title=The 92nd Academy Awards 2020|url=https://oscar.go.com/nominees/short-film-live-action/short-film-live-action-the-neighbors-window|website=Oscars.org|accessdate=6 February 2020}}
  • Palm Springs Shorts Fest, Best Live Action Short (Winner - Audience Award)
  • Casting Society Artios Awards - Short Film Casting (nominee)
  • Traverse City Film Festival, Best Fiction Short (Winner - Audience Award)
  • Hollyshorts Film Festival, Best Drama (Winner)
  • SCAD Savannah Film Festival, Best Narrative Short (Winner)
  • St. Louis International Film Festival, Best of the Fest (Winner)
  • Nashville Film Festival, Best Narrative Short (Winner)
  • Rhode Island Film Festival, Best Live Action Short (Winner)
  • Woodstock Film Festival, Best Short Film (Winner)

References

{{reflist}}