Marta Cartabia
{{short description|Italian judge (born 1963)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Marta Cartabia
|image = Marta Cartabia (cropped).jpg
|office = Minister of Justice
|term_start = 13 February 2021
|term_end = 22 October 2022
|primeminister = Mario Draghi
|predecessor = Alfonso Bonafede
|successor = Carlo Nordio
|office1 = President of the Constitutional Court
|term_start1 = 11 December 2019
|term_end1 = 13 September 2020
|predecessor1 = Giorgio Lattanzi
|successor1 = Mario Rosario Morelli
|office3 = Judge of the Constitutional Court
|appointer3 = Giorgio Napolitano
|term_start3 = 13 September 2011
|term_end3 = 13 September 2020
|appointed3 = Giorgio Napolitano
|predecessor3 = Maria Rita Saulle
|successor3 = Emanuela Navarretta
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1963|5|14}}
|birth_place = San Giorgio su Legnano, Italy
|death_date =
|death_place =
|education = University of Milan
European University Institute
Aix-Marseille University
|party = Independent
}}
Marta Cartabia ({{IPA|it|ˈmarta karˈtaːbja}}; born 14 May 1963) is an Italian jurist and academic who served as Minister of Justice in the government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Cartabia previously was Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 2011 and 2020, Vice President from 12 November 2014 to 11 December 2019 and President from 11 December 2019 to 13 September 2020. She is a professor of constitutional law. She was the first woman to hold the office of President of the Constitutional Court.
Early life and education
Cartabia was born in San Giorgio su Legnano, near Milan, in 1963.{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/ActionPagina_321.do |title=The Constitutional Court: Composition of the Court |publisher=Constitutional Court of Italy |date= |access-date=30 January 2015 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501154016/https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/ActionPagina_321.do |url-status=dead }} In 1987, she graduated with honours at the University of Milan, with the thesis "Does a European Constitution exist?" with professor Valerio Onida as her supervisor. She obtained a Ph.D. in law from the European University Institute in Florence in 1993.{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.nyustraus.org/fellows/09-10-fellows/marta_cartabia.html |title=Marta Cartabia |publisher=The Straus institute |date= |access-date=30 January 2015 |archive-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204171950/http://www.nyustraus.org/fellows/09-10-fellows/marta_cartabia.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.newyorkencounter.org/speakers/2014/10/22/marta-cartabia |title=Marta Cartabia |publisher=New York Encounter |date= 17 September 2014|access-date=30 January 2015}}{{cite web|author= |url=http://didattica.unibocconi.eu/docenti/cv.php?rif=49094 |title=Marta Cartabia |publisher=Università Bocconi |date= |access-date=26 January 2021}}
Career
Cartabia worked at the Constitutional Court of Italy as a clerk between 1993 and 1996. In 2005, she was employed by the University of Milano-Bicocca as professor of the Jean Monnet Course of European Constitutional Law. Between 2006 and 2010, she worked as an independent expert for the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) in Vienna. For the academic year 2009–2010 Cartabia was a Straus Fellow at "The Straus Institute for the Advanced Study of Law & Justice" in New York City.
=Constitutional Judge=
Cartabia was appointed as Judge on the Constitutional Court by the President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano, on 2 September 2011, and sworn into office on 13 September 2011. At the time of her appointment, she was one of the youngest appointees ever, and only the third woman in history.{{cite web|author= |url=http://law.nd.edu/news/30495-justice-marta-cartabia-to-deliver-clynes-chair-in-judicial-ethics-lecture/ |title=Justice Marta Cartabia to Deliver Clynes Chair in Judicial Ethics Lecture |publisher=The Law School - University of Notre Dame |date= 25 April 2012|access-date=30 January 2015}}{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/consulta-maria-cartabia-eletta-presidente-prima-donna-a-guidare-corte-83f9c090-d036-4456-8637-ec41106ac4f5.html |title=Consulta. Marta Cartabia eletta Presidente, prima donna a guidare la Corte |language=Italian |publisher=RAI News |date=11 December 2019 |access-date=4 April 2020}} Cartabia succeeded Maria Rita Saulle, who had died in office.{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/elementi/Continua.aspx?tipo=Comunicato&key=12186 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053639/http://presidenti.quirinale.it/elementi/Continua.aspx?tipo=Comunicato&key=12186 |title=Il Presidente Napolitano ha nominato Giudice costituzionale la professoressa Marta Cartabia |language=it |publisher=Quirinale |date=2 September 2011 |archive-date=7 April 2017}} She was appointed Vice President of the Court on 12 November 2014.{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.ansamed.info/english/news/2014/11/12/alessandro-criscuolo-elected-to-constitutional-court-update_8f6222ab-ecff-40d8-a4e4-8744c5fa8fee.html |title=Alessandro Criscuolo elected to Constitutional court, update |publisher=ANSA |date=12 November 2014 |access-date=30 January 2015}} On 11 December 2019 Cartabia succeeded Giorgio Lattanzi as President of the Constitutional Court, becoming the first woman to hold the position. Cartabia received all 14 votes. Cartabia's term in office ended on 13 September 2020. She was succeeded as president by Mario Rosario Morelli and as Judge by Emanuela Navarretta.{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/politica/consulta_mario_morelli_presidente_chi_e_ultime_notizie_news-5465975.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917054741/https://www.ilmessaggero.it/politica/consulta_mario_morelli_presidente_chi_e_ultime_notizie_news-5465975.html |title=Corte Costituzionale, Mario Morelli nuovo presidente: prende il posto di Marta Cartabia. Ma la Consulta si è divisa |language=Italian |publisher=Il Messagero |date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=17 September 2020}}{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/09/09/mattarella-nomina-emanuela-navarretta-nuova-giudice-della-corte-costituzionale-sostituira-marta-cartabia-che-e-a-fine-mandato/5926018/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919093318/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2020/09/09/mattarella-nomina-emanuela-navarretta-nuova-giudice-della-corte-costituzionale-sostituira-marta-cartabia-che-e-a-fine-mandato/5926018/ |title=Mattarella nomina Emanuela Navarretta nuova giudice della Corte costituzionale. Sostituirà Marta Cartabia che è a fine mandato |language=Italian |publisher=Il Fatto Quotidiano |date=9 September 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020}}
In December 2017, Cartabia was appointed as a substitute member{{Cite web|url=http://www.venice.coe.int/WebForms/members/default.aspx?lang=EN|title=Venice Commission :: Council of Europe|website=www.venice.coe.int|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-03-01}} for Italy to the European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe, also known as Venice Commission.
= Minister of Justice =
On 13 February 2021, she became Minister of Justice in the Draghi cabinet, a national unity government, succeeding Alfonso Bonafede. Cartabia is the third woman after Paola Severino and Annamaria Cancelleri to hold this position. On 28 April she obtained the extradition to Italy of seven former left-wing terrorists of the period of the lead years, who had found protection in France due to the Mitterrand doctrine.
On 8 July 2021, the Council of Ministers launched the reform of the criminal justice system, spearheaded by Cartabia herself, in collaboration with commission of experts chaired by the former president of the constitutional court Giorgio Lattanzi. In November 2021, the reform of the Italian civil procedure was also approved by the parliament. These reforms were important in order to obtain European post-COVID-19 recovery funds. As Minister of Justice, she has shown herself in favor of the implementation of substitutive sentences for prison such as semi-release, home detention, community service and fines for those who are given sentence up to four years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/giustizia-penale-piano-cartabia-meno-carcere-e-piu-sanzioni-sostitutive-AEnBMDX|title=Giustizia penale, il piano Cartabia: meno carcere e più sanzioni sostitutive|author=Giovanni Negri|work=Il Sole 24 ORE|date=2021-07-16|access-date=2022-01-05}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2021/07/15/news/riforma_della_giustizia_piu_pene_alternative_si_andra_in_cella_solo_per_i_reati_gravi-310371517/|title=Riforma della giustizia: più pene alternative, si andrà in cella solo per i reati gravi|work=la Repubblica|date=2021-07-14|access-date=2022-01-05}}
= Other activities =
On 11 September 2021, she was appointed by Pope Francis as an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences.{{Cite web |title=Rinunce e nomine |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2021/09/11/0554/01222.html |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=press.vatican.va}} She was later appointed as a member of the Section for fundamental questions of the Dicastery for Evangelization.{{Cite web |title=Rinunce e nomine |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2023/04/25/0303/00652.html#membri |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=press.vatican.va}}
Since April 2023 she has been a member of the board of directors of the Agnelli Foundation.[https://www.fondazioneagnelli.it/en/2023/04/21/marta-cartabia-renzo-piano-e-andrea-in-the-fondazione-agnellis-board-of-directors/ Marta Cartabia, Renzo Piano e Andrea in the Fondazione Agnelli’s Board of Directors] She is also a member of the Ethic and Integrity Research Commission in the National Research Council.
Recognition
Cartabia was made Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic on 24 October 2011.{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=320008 |title=Cartabia Prof.ssa Marta |language=Italian |publisher=Office of the Italian President |date= |access-date=30 January 2015}}
Writings
- {{cite book | author = Marta Cartabia | author2 = Andrea Simoncini | title = Pope Benedict XVI's legal thought : a dialogue on the foundation of law | location = New York | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2015 | oclc = 1008627286 | isbn = 9781316106303 | doi = 10.1017/CBO9781316106303}}
- {{cite book | author = Marta Cartabia | author2 = Andrea Simoncini | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PAtxAwAAQBAJ | title = La legge di re Salomone : ragione e diritto nei discorsi di Benedetto XVI | series = Biblioteca Universale Rizzoli Saggi | language = it | location = Milan | year = 2013 | oclc = 856902230 | pages = 256 | isbn = 9788817069878}}
- {{cite book | author = Marta Cartabia | author2 = Andrea Simoncini | url = https://boa.unimib.it/handle/10281/52212 | title = La sostenibilità della democrazia nel XXI secolo | location = Bologna | publisher = Il Mulino | year = 2009 | language = it | series = Percorsi | oclc = 515405613 | isbn = 978-8815133724 | pages = 351 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191218185235/https://boa.unimib.it/handle/10281/52212 | archive-date = December 18, 2019 | url-status = dead | access-date = December 18, 2019 }}
- {{cite conference | author = Aldo Bardusco | author2 = Marta Cartabia | author3 = Micaela Frulli | title = Immunità costituzionali e crimini internazionali : atti del convegno | location = Milan | date = February 8–9, 2007 | oclc = 690390197 | volume = 1 vol. | pages = X-295 | language = it | isbn = 978-8814140389 | publisher = Giuffrè}}
- * {{cite book | author = Marta Cartabia | author2 = Marilena Gennusa | title = La fonti europee e il diritto italiano | language = it | location = Turino | publisher = Giappichelli | year = 2008 | oclc = 868542938 | isbn = 978-8834896808 | series = Costituzione e società. Poteri | pages = 121}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=Maria Rita Saulle}}
{{s-ttl|title=Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy|years=2011–2020}}
{{s-aft|after=Emanuela Navarretta}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Giorgio Lattanzi}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the Constitutional Court of Italy|years=2019–2020}}
{{s-aft|after=Mario Rosario Morelli}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=Alfonso Bonafede}}
{{s-ttl|title=Italian Minister of Justice|years=2021–2022}}
{{s-aft|after=Carlo Nordio}}
{{s-end}}
{{Draghi Cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartabia, Marta}}
Category:European University Institute alumni
Category:Female justice ministers
Category:Ministers of justice of Italy
Category:Judges of the Constitutional Court of Italy
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Category:People from San Giorgio su Legnano
Category:Presidents of the Constitutional Court of Italy
Category:Academic staff of the University of Milano-Bicocca
Category:Vice presidents of the Constitutional Court of Italy