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Martin Julian Buerger

{{Short description|American crystallographer (1903–1986)}}

{{No footnotes|article|date=July 2009}}

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Martin Julian Buerger

|image =

|image_size =

|caption = Martin Julian Buerger

|birth_date = {{birth-date|April 8, 1903}}

|birth_place = Detroit, Michigan, U.S.

|death_date = {{death-date and age|February 26, 1986|April 8, 1903}}

|death_place = Lincoln, Massachusetts

|field = Crystallographer

|work_institutions = Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Connecticut

|alma_mater = Massachusetts Institute of Technology

|doctoral_advisor = Waldemar Lindgren

|doctoral_students = Charles T. Prewitt

|known_for =

|influences =

|influenced =

|prizes = Arthur L. Day Medal - 1951,
Roebling Medal - 1958,
Honorary Doctorate from the
University of Bern, Switzerland,
Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences

|footnotes =

|signature =

}}

Martin Julian Buerger (April 8, 1903 – February 26, 1986) was an American crystallographer. He was a Professor of Mineralogy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in crystallography. Buerger authored twelve textbooks/monographs and over 200 technical articles. He was awarded the Arthur L. Day Medal by the Geological Society of America in 1951. The mineral fluor-buergerite was named for him. The MJ Buerger Award (established by the American Crystallographic Association) was established in his honor.

Buerger was a member of the Provisional International Crystallographic Committee chaired by P. P. Ewald from 1946 to 1948, and he continued as a member of the IUCr Executive Committee from 1948 to 1951. He was also a member of the Commission on International Tables from its establishment in 1948 until 1981.

In 1956, Buerger was the third person (after John C. Slater and Francis O. Schmitt) to have been appointed Institute Professor at MIT.

Significant works

  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Temperature-Structure-Composition Behavior of Certain Crystals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=444–53 |date=July 1934 |pmid=16577615 |pmc=1076442 |doi=10.1073/pnas.20.7.444|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Kinetic Basis of Crystal Polymorphism |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=682–5 |date=December 1936 |pmid=16577751 |pmc=1076843 |doi=10.1073/pnas.22.12.682|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The General Rôle of Composition in Polymorphism |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=22 |issue=12 |pages=685–9 |date=December 1936 |pmid=16577752 |pmc=1076844 |doi=10.1073/pnas.22.12.685|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Photography of Interatomic Distance Vectors and of Crystal Patterns |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=383–8 |date=July 1939 |pmid=16577920 |pmc=1077926 |doi=10.1073/pnas.25.7.383|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Correction of X-Ray Diffraction Intensities for Lorentz and Polarization Factors |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=637–42 |date=November 1940 |pmid=16577987 |pmc=1078244 |doi=10.1073/pnas.26.11.637|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Optically Reciprocal Gratings and Their Application to Synthesis of Fourier Series |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=117–24 |date=February 1941 |pmid=16577998 |pmc=1078286 |doi=10.1073/pnas.27.2.117|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=A New Fourier Series Technique for Crystal Structure Determination |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=281–5 |date=July 1942 |pmid=16578051 |pmc=1078468 |doi=10.1073/pnas.28.7.281|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Buerger MJ, Smith LB, de Bretteville A, Ryer FV |title=The Lower Hydrates of Soap |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=526–9 |date=December 1942 |pmid=16588581 |pmc=1078532 |doi=10.1073/pnas.28.12.526|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Characteristics of Soap Hemihydrate Crystals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=529–35 |date=December 1942 |pmid=16588582 |pmc=1078533 |doi=10.1073/pnas.28.12.529|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Buerger MJ, Smith LB, Ryer FV, Spike JE |title=The Crystalline Phases of Soap |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=226–33 |date=August 1945 |pmid=16588693 |pmc=1078808 |doi=10.1073/pnas.31.8.226|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Some Relations Between the F's and F2's of X-Ray Diffraction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=277–85 |date=June 1948 |pmid=16588811 |pmc=1079109 |doi=10.1073/pnas.34.6.277|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Crystallographic Symmetry in Reciprocal Space |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=198–201 |date=April 1949 |pmid=16588883 |pmc=1062998 |doi=10.1073/pnas.35.4.198|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Crystallographic Symmetries Determinable by X-Ray Diffraction |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=324–9 |date=May 1950 |pmid=15417548 |pmc=1063191 |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.5.324|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Photography of Atoms in Crystals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=330–5 |date=May 1950 |pmid=15417549 |pmc=1063192 |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.5.330|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Some New Functions of Interest in X-Ray Crystallography |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=376–82 |date=July 1950 |pmid=15430317 |pmc=1063208 |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.7.376|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Limitation of Electron Density by the Patterson Function |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=738–42 |date=December 1950 |pmid=16578351 |pmc=1063280 |doi=10.1073/pnas.36.12.738|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Image Theory of Superposed Vector Sets |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=669–73 |date=July 1953 |pmid=16589322 |pmc=1063842 |doi=10.1073/pnas.39.7.669|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Solution Functions for Solving Superposed Patterson Syntheses |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=674–8 |date=July 1953 |pmid=16589323 |pmc=1063843 |doi=10.1073/pnas.39.7.674|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=An Intersection Function and Its Relations to the Minimum Function of X-Ray Crystallography |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=678–80 |date=July 1953 |pmid=16589324 |pmc=1063844 |doi=10.1073/pnas.39.7.678|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Some Relations for Crystals with Substructures |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=125–8 |date=February 1954 |pmid=16589430 |pmc=527953 |doi=10.1073/pnas.40.2.125|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Buerger MJ, Robinson DW |title=THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND TWINNING OF Co2S3 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=199–203 |date=April 1955 |pmid=16589645 |pmc=528056 |doi=10.1073/pnas.41.4.199|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystals of the Wollastonite Group of Metasilicates |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=113–6 |date=March 1956 |pmid=16589830 |pmc=528228 |doi=10.1073/pnas.42.3.113|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |author=Buerger MJ |title=Partial Fourier Syntheses and Their Application to the Solution of Certain Crystal Structures |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=776–81 |date=October 1956 |pmid=16589951 |pmc=528335 |doi=10.1073/pnas.42.10.776|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Takeuchi Y, Buerger MJ |title=The Crystal Structure of Terramycin Hydrochloride |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=1366–70 |date=October 1960 |pmid=16590759 |pmc=223052 |doi=10.1073/pnas.46.10.1366|doi-access=free }}
  • Crystal-Structure Analysis, 668pp, Krieger Pub Co., 1979
  • Introduction to crystal geometry, 204pp., R. E. Krieger, 1977
  • Contemporary crystallography, 364pp., McGraw Hill, 1970
  • Elementary crystallography;: An introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals, 528pp., Wiley, 1963
  • X-ray crystallography;: An introduction to the investigation of crystals by their diffraction of monochromatic X radiation, 531pp., Chapman & Hall, 1958
  • {{cite book |first=M J |last=Buerger |year=1944 |title=The photography of the reciprocal lattice |publisher=ASXRED |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |oclc=180582947}}

References

  • [http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM73/AM73_1483.pdf Memorial, American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 1483-1485, 1988]
  • [http://www.mindat.org/min-818.html Description and photograph of Buergerite]
  • [http://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/1986/04/00/a26354/a26354.pdf Obituary from the Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1986]
  • [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/11/obituaries/martin-j-buerger.html Obituary from the New York Times]

{{Crystallography}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Buerger, Martin}}

Category:1903 births

Category:1986 deaths

Category:American mineralogists

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni

Category:University of Connecticut faculty

Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty

Category:People from Detroit