Mary Dee

{{hatnote group|

{{About|the radio personality|the stage and screen actress|Mary Dees}}

}}

{{Infobox person

| image = Mary Dee, 1951 full.jpg

| alt = Portrait of a young black woman in a sundress with her hair in a bun wearing a large pendant necklace and large teardrop earrings

| caption = Dee in 1951

| birth_name = Mary Elizabeth Goode

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|04|08}}

| birth_place = Homestead, Pennsylvania, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1964|03|17|1912|04|08}}

| death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

| other_names = {{cslist|Mary Dudley|Mary Dee Dudley|Mary Goode Dudley}}

| education = Howard University

| occupation = {{cslist|Radio personality|activist}}

| years_active = 1948–1964

| known_for =

| notable_works =

| spouse = {{Marriage|Franklin C. Dudley|end=div}}

| children = 4

}}

Mary Dudley (born Mary Elizabeth Goode; April 8, 1912{{spnd}}March 17, 1964), known as Mary Dee, was an American disc jockey who is widely considered the first African-American woman disc jockey in the United States. She grew up in Homestead, Pennsylvania, and then studied at Howard University for two years. After having her family, she attended Si Mann School of Radio in Pittsburgh, and on August 1, 1948, went on the air at WHOD radio. Gaining national attention, Dee broadcast from a storefront, "Studio Dee", in the Hill District of Pittsburgh from 1951 to 1956. She moved her show, Movin' Around with Mary Dee, to Baltimore and broadcast from station WSID from 1956 to 1958. In 1958, she moved to Philadelphia and hosted Songs of Faith on WHAT until her death in 1964.

Dee is considered a pioneer in developing the radio format that combines coverage of community affairs with music and news. She was one of the first two black women admitted to the Association of American Women in Radio and Television, and was successful in campaigning for the organization to forgo meetings in segregated facilities. During her lifetime she received numerous awards for her civic work. In 2011 she was honored posthumously with the Thomas J. MacWilliams Lifetime Achievement Award from the Media Association of Pittsburgh.

Early life and education

Mary Elizabeth Goode was born on April 8, 1912, in Homestead, Pennsylvania, to Mary Elizabeth (née Hunter) and William H. Goode.{{sfn|Death Records|1964}}{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}} Both of her parents were the children of slaves and from Virginia. After their marriage in 1904, the couple migrated to Pittsburgh, where William worked for U.S. Steel.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Courier|1962|p=4}}{{sfn|Johnson|1954|p=8}} Among their children were James, who operated the Goode Real Estate Company, one of the first real estate firms operated by a black man in Pittsburgh; William, who owned Goode Pharmacy, a 24-hour pharmacy;{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}}{{sfn|Johnson|1954|p=8}} Mal, first black network television correspondent, who worked for ABC News;{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Courier|1962|p=1}}{{sfn|Hevesi|1995|p=17}} Ruth, who worked in her brother's drug store and later ran a day-care center in McKeesport; and Allan, who worked at the Wylie Avenue News Agency and was an Army veteran.{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}}{{sfn|Johnson|1954|p=8}}

Education was important to the family and five of the six children attended university.{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}} Goode grew up in Homestead and graduated from Homestead High School, before attending Howard University for two years.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Press|1964|p=34}}{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}} In the mid-1930s, she married Franklin C. Dudley, a steel worker, with whom she had four children; Yvonne, twins Sherwood and Sherlynn, and Franklin C. Jr.; but the couple later divorced.{{sfn|Death Records|1964}}{{sfn|U.S. Census|1940|p=11B}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} In 1947, Dudley enrolled at the Si Mann School of Radio in Pittsburgh, graduating with honors.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}

Career

File:William Goode and Mary Dee, 1954 sponsor.jpg

In 1948, when WHOD was founded in Homestead, Dudley applied for a job, but was not hired. She approached the station manager, who told her he would hire her on a trial basis if she could secure a sponsor.{{#tag:ref|Sources vary on who sponsored her. Some sources state the first sponsor was Rufus Jackson, owner of Homestead's Manhattan Music Company;{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}} other sources show a group of sponsors, including a florist and her brothers James and William were the first sponsors;{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}} while still others report she was initially sponsored by a group of six business people.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}}|group="Notes"}}{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}} Able to get backing, Dudley went on the air as Mary Dee on August 1, 1948.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} Her first broadcast was devoted to announcing a calendar of events for black women in the area.{{sfn|Barlow|1999|p=148}} Within days, her time slot was extended to a 15-minute segment called Movin' Around with Mary Dee and then to 30 minutes. The following spring, it was increased to an hour-long show.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} By her first anniversary, the slot had extended to an hour and a half, to two hours on her second anniversary, and to four hours by her fourth year in the business.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} Despite the modest reception range, at 250 watts during the day, Dee garnered a large following, receiving more than 150 fan letters per day.{{sfn|Weigle|2001}}{{sfn|Young|2010}}{{sfn|Johnson|1950|p=5}} Her fans crossed color lines, particularly with regard to her gospel music segment. She received mail from blacks as well as whites, and had both black and white sponsors.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|Cloonan|2013}}

File:Mary Dee and Mal Goode, 1952 full advertisement.jpg

Dee pioneered a radio format that combined coverage of community affairs with music and news.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} She brought in her brother Mal, at the time a reporter of the Pittsburgh Courier, to do a segment on the news covering police beatings, poor housing, segregation issues, and other legal barriers to blacks. She later brought in Hazel Garland and Toki Schalk Johnson to cover women's items and had a segment featuring teenagers.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} Her music section gave air time to new releases by African-American artists, as well as local talent.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} In an interview segment, Dee talked to a wide variety of well-known figures including Tony Bennett, Joyce Bryant, Savannah Churchill, Nat King Cole, Eartha Kitt, Nellie Lutcher, Michael Musmanno, Johnnie Ray, and Sarah Vaughan.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} Ending her show was a gospel section, "Gospel Train", featuring music by Mahalia Jackson and other religious singers, which listeners could request.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}}{{sfn|Cohen|1959|p=18}}{{sfn|Johnson|1950|p=5}}

After she was recognized by Ebony magazine in their September 1950 issue, Dee gained national attention and her own studio.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}}{{sfn|Johnson|1950|p=5}} In August 1951, "Studio Dee" was set up by WHOD in the Hill District of Pittsburgh at the corner of Herron and Center Avenues.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} The Hill District was the epicenter of cultural venues in Pittsburgh, featuring a diverse arts environment. In its heyday (1920–1960) the area was often called Little Harlem or the "Crossroads to the World", to reflect the wide range of cultural expressions found there. Music was integral to the growth of the arts and Dee was part of the scene.{{sfn|Benz|2015}} Dee took requests from fans who could watch her broadcasting from a storefront window. The studio moved into the Pittsburgh Courier building around 1954.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} WHOD was sold in 1955 and the programming changed to a country and western format by the new owners, who renamed the station WAMO in 1956.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|Salamon|2010|p=36}}

Finding herself without a job, Dee moved her children to Baltimore, and began broadcasting Movin' Around with Mary Dee on WSID.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1956a|p=7}} In 1958, Dee was offered a show at WHAT radio in Philadelphia. She aired a program called Songs of Faith, featuring gospel music, for the next six years, gaining wide popularity.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1964|p=10}} She also hosted live gospel music shows and lived in the Strawberry Mansion neighborhood of North Philadelphia.{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1964|p=10}}

File:Jackie Robinson, Mary Dee, Dolly Banks, MLK, 1962.jpg, Mary Dee, station owner Dolly Banks, and Martin Luther King Jr., presentation of the Brotherhood Award from the Baptist Ministers' Conference to WHAT radio station, 1962]]

As was common for entertainment figures, Dee lent her time to numerous charitable causes, often choosing to work with teenagers.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} She raised money for schools and mentored young musicians like George Benson to help them start their music careers.{{sfn|Brewer|2007|p=82}}{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1956b|p=3}} Every month she gave away records to community centers, youth homes, and veteran centers, often totaling 200 discs per month.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}} She hosted events to raise money for community improvement projects, receiving many awards and honors from civic groups.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}}{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1957|p=14}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Courier|1950|p=8}} She was active in Alpha Gamma Chi and Iota Phi Lambda, business sororities aimed at providing better opportunities for black women, as well as the NAACP and the National Council of Negro Women.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Courier|1952|p=10}} Dee was one of the first two black women admitted to the Association of American Women in Radio and Television, the other being Alma John.{{sfn|Rowe|1953|p=18}}{{#tag:ref|Some sources indicate Dee was one of the first black members,{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}} while others claim she was the first.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955|p=8}}{{sfn|Carr|1953|p=5}}|group="Notes"}} Campaigning together, they succeeded in obtaining a pledge from the organization to refrain from holding meetings in segregated facilities.{{sfn|Garland|1961|p=18}}

Death and legacy

Dee died on March 17, 1964, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia from colon cancer.{{sfn|Death Records|1964}} She was honored with two funeral services, one held at Jones Memorial Baptist Church in Philadelphia, the other at the Clark Memorial Baptist Church in Homestead, attended by thousands of mourners.{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Press|1964|p=34}}{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}} She was buried in Restland-Lincoln Memorial Park Cemetery in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, alongside family members.{{sfn|Death Records|1964}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|1956|p=23}}{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|1960|p=19}} The Jones Memorial Baptist Church established a scholarship in her name.{{sfn|The Baltimore Afro-American|1964|p=10}}

She is widely reported to have been the first black woman disc jockey in the United States,{{sfnm|1a1=Garland|1y=1964|1p=1, Section 2|2a1=Johnson|2y=1985|2p=9|3a1=Cho|3a2=Kucan|3a3=Raney|3y=2020|3p=295|4a1=The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|4y=2013}} though tracing ethnic broadcasting is difficult at a time when there were few opportunities for African Americans and other minorities who were often ignored by the media.{{sfn|Garland|1964|p=1, Section 2}}{{sfn|Grame|1980|pp=113–114}}{{#tag:ref|Vivian Carter also began her career as a radio disc jockey in 1948, after winning a contest hosted by WGES in Chicago.{{sfn|Pruter|1992|p=24}}|group="Notes"}} In 2011, Dee was honored by the Media Association of Pittsburgh with the Thomas J. MacWilliams Lifetime Achievement Award.{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}}{{sfn|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011a}}

Notes

References

=Citations=

=Bibliography=

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{{cite magazine |editor1-last=Johnson |editor1-first=John H. |title=Speaking Of People: Top Female Disc Jockey |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/48968860 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008164840/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/48968860 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 8, 2020 |date=September 1950 |volume=5 |issue=11 |magazine=Ebony |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company Inc.|location=Chicago, Illinois |pages=4–5 |issn=0012-9011 |id=Accession Number: 48968860}}{{subscription required|via=EBSCO Host}}
{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Toki Schalk |authorlink1=Gertrude Schalk |title=The Golden Years Are Celebrated Brilliantly by Homestead's Mr. and Mrs. William H. Goode, Surrounded by Fine Family |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48112086/the-pittsburgh-courier/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=October 16, 1954 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Courier |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite book |last=Pruter |first=Robert |title=Chicago Soul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2kkcmS0AzMEC&pg=PA24 |year=1992 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |location=Urbana, Illinois| isbn=978-0-252-06259-9}}
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{{cite book |last=Salamon |first=Ed |title=Pittsburgh's Golden Age of Radio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkcPxL3fyyMC&pg=PA36 |date=2010 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, South Carolina |isbn=978-0-7385-7223-9}}
{{cite web |last1=Weigle |first1=Ed |title=Porky Chedwick: Radio's Most Ignored Pioneer |url=https://www.pbrtv.com/more/special-articles/porky-chedwick-radios-most-ignored-pioneer/ |access-date=October 11, 2020 |website=Pittsburgh Radio & Television Online |publisher=WeigleVOX Productions International |date=2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709061303/https://www.pbrtv.com/more/special-articles/porky-chedwick-radios-most-ignored-pioneer/ |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}}
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{{cite web |ref={{harvid|U.S. Census|1940}}|author= |title=1940 U.S. Census: Homestead, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Ward 5 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89MT-KQB1?i=21&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AKQQQ-BXM |website=FamilySearch |publisher=National Archives and Records Administration |location=Washington, D.C. |date=April 16, 1940 |page=11B |id=NARA publication T627, roll #3406, lines 68–72}}{{subscription required}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Courier|1950}}|author= |title=Achievement Club Cites Six Noted Pittsburghers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60270095/the-pittsburgh-courier/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=June 10, 1950 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Courier |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Baltimore Afro-American|1956a}}|author= |title=Another WSID First |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-oct-16-1956-1994032/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=October 16, 1956 |newspaper=The Baltimore Afro-American |location=Baltimore, Maryland |page=7 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}
{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Death Records|1964}}|author= |title=Certificate of Death: Mary "Dee" Goode Dudley |url=https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/5164/images/46628_520306900_0014-01397?treeid=&personid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=oZE33&_phstart=successSource&pId=14680795 |website=Ancestry.com |publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Bureau of Vital Statistics |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date=March 19, 1964 |id=Local registration #5719, certificate #028962-64}}{{subscription required}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Baltimore Afro-American|1957}}|author= |title=Clean Block Honor Roll Climbs to 37; 12 Added |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/celebrity-clipping-jul-27-1957-1994090/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=July 27, 1957 |newspaper=The Baltimore Afro-American |location=Baltimore, Maryland |page=14 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Courier|1962}}|author= |title=Courier's Mal Goode Gets ABC-TV Post in New York (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60270443/the-pittsburgh-courier/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=September 8, 1962 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Courier |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com}} and {{cite news |ref=none|author= |title=ABC-TV Hires Courier's Mal Goode as Newsman (pt. 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60270565/the-pittsburgh-courier/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=September 8, 1962 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Courier |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011a}} |author= |title=Excited for the OAMAs |url=https://mediapittsburgh.com/excited-for-the-oamas/ |website=mediapittsburgh.com |publisher=Media Association of Pittsburgh |access-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200930183748/https://mediapittsburgh.com/excited-for-the-oamas/ |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |date=2011 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Courier|1952}}|author= |title=Interracial Sorority Installs Chapter in Pittsburgh April 6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60270842/the-pittsburgh-courier/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=April 19, 1952 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Courier |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=10 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph|1955}}|author= |title=Mary Dee 7 Years on Air |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60270281/pittsburgh-sun-telegraph/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=August 13, 1955 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=8 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite web |ref={{harvid|Media Association of Pittsburgh|2011b}} |author= |title=Meet the Winners |url=https://mediapittsburgh.com/meet-the-winners/ |website=mediapittsburgh.com |publisher=Media Association of Pittsburgh |access-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200930183402/https://mediapittsburgh.com/meet-the-winners/ |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |date=2011 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|1956}}|author= |title=Mrs. Mary Goode |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60273409/mrs-mary-goode-july-19-1956/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=July 19, 1956 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=23 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Press|1964}}|author= |title=Negro Entertainer Mary Dee Dies at 51 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/50262813/the-pittsburgh-press/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=March 18, 1964 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=34 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|2013}}|author= |title=Pittsburgh Radio Timeline |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/tv-radio/2013/10/13/Pittsburgh-radio-timeline/stories/201310130096 |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=October 12, 2013 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Baltimore Afro-American|1964}}|author= |title=Rites for Mary Dee, 48, Pioneer Radio Figure |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/obituary-clipping-mar-24-1964-1994093/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=March 24, 1964 |newspaper=The Baltimore Afro-American |location=Baltimore, Maryland |page=10 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Baltimore Afro-American|1956b}}|author= |title=Sollers Point Show |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-nov-13-1956-1994083/ |access-date=October 1, 2020 |date=November 13, 1956 |newspaper=The Baltimore Afro-American |location=Baltimore, Maryland |page=3 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}
{{cite news |ref={{harvid|The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|1960}}|author= |title=William H. Goode |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48114707/obituary-for-william-h-goode-aged-89/ |access-date=September 30, 2020 |date=May 24, 1960 |newspaper=The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |page=19 |via=Newspapers.com}}

External links

[https://collection.cmoa.org/?dir=desc&page=1&perPage=20&q=%22Mary%20Dee%22&sort=relevance&view=grid&withImage=0 Photographs] of Dee in the Carnegie Museum of Art collection by photographer Charles "Teenie" Harris.

Category:1912 births

Category:1964 deaths

Category:African-American activists

Category:20th-century African-American women

Category:Activists for African-American civil rights

Category:Activists from Pennsylvania

Category:African-American radio personalities

Category:American radio producers

Category:Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania

Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer in the United States

Category:Howard University alumni

Category:People from Homestead, Pennsylvania

Category:Radio personalities from Pittsburgh

Category:American women civil rights activists

Category:American women radio producers