Mary Fenton
{{for|the American journalist and writer|Mary Fanton Roberts}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mary Fenton
| image = Mary Fenton aka Mehrbai.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Mary Jane Fenton
| birth_date = c. 1854
| birth_place = Landour, British India
| death_date = c. {{death year and age|1896|1854}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Stage actress
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| father = Mathew Fenton
| mother = Jannette Fenton
| spouse = Kavasji Palanji Khatau
| children = Jahangir Khatau
| other_names = Mehrbai
}}
Mary Fenton alias Mehrbai ({{c.|1854}} – {{c.|1896}}) was the first Gujarati, Parsi and Urdu theatre actress of European origin. Born to an Irish soldier in the British Indian Army, she fell in love and married Parsi actor-director Kavasji Palanji Khatau. He introduced her to acting and she had a successful stage career.
Early life
Mary Fenton was born in Landour near Mussoorie in India to Jannette and Mathew Fenton, an Irish retired soldier of the British Indian Army. She was baptized as Mary Jane Fenton, but there is no further information of her early life and education. Parsi theatre actor-director Kavasji Palanji Khatau was rehearsing for his play Inder Sabha, when Fenton had come to book the hall for her magic lantern show. She admired his acting, met him, fell in love and finally married him.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7JEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|title=Stages of Life: Indian Theatre Autobiographies|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|date=1 December 2013|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-78308-068-7|pages=10, 16, 19, 292, 338}} Subsequently, she adopted a Parsi name Mehrbai.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ey8rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Gender, Culture, and Performance: Marathi Theatre and Cinema before Independence|last=Kosambi|first=Meera|date=5 July 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-56590-5|page=27}} She already knew Hindi and Urdu, and in the 1870s Khatau gave her further training in singing and acting.
She created a sensation in the theatre due to her talent and relationship with Khatau.{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft9v19p2qq/|title=Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theatre of North India|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|publisher=University of California Press|year=1993|isbn=978-8173040566|location=Berkeley|pages=83|language=en|chapter=3. The Landscape of Premodern Performance: Urban Theatre and the Parsi Stage|access-date=19 July 2018|via=UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004}} However, following a dispute between Khatau and the Empress Victoria Theatrical Company owner Jahangir Pestonjee Khambatta regarding Fenton's entry into theatre in 1878, Khatau left Bombay for Delhi and joined Alfred Theatre Company owned by Manek Master who also opposed Fenton. Consequently, Khatau started his own Alfred Company in 1881, where Fenton had a long and successful career.
Fenton and Khatau later separated. They had a son Jahangir Khatau.{{Cite journal|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|date=1998|title=Stri Bhumika: Female Impersonators and Actresses on the Parsi Stage|url=https://www.academia.edu/5889371|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=33|issue=35|pages=2291–2300|jstor=4407133|via=Academia}}{{Cite journal|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|date=1999|title=Making Women Visible: Gender and Race Cross-Dressing in the Parsi Theatre|url=https://www.academia.edu/5680379|journal=Theatre Journal|volume=51|issue=2|pages=141, 143–146|doi=10.1353/tj.1999.0031|jstor=25068647|s2cid=192100757|via=Academia}}
Career
She was the first Anglo-Indian actress of the Parsi, Gujarati, and Urdu theatre. She became popular for her roles as the Parsi heroine.{{Cite journal|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|date=17 May 2016|title=Mapping Melodrama: Global Theatrical Circuits, Parsi Theater, and the Rise of the Social|journal=BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–30|doi=10.1177/0974927616635931|s2cid=148468329|issn=0974-9276}} She acted in Nanabhai Ranina's Nazan Shirin (1881), Bamanji Kabra's Bholi Gul (Innocent Flower, 1882, based on Ellen Wood's English novel East Lynne), Agha Hasan Amanat's Urdu opera Inder Sabha, Khambatta's Khudadad (The Gift of God, 1898, based on Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre),{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5lKp1XE2OQC&pg=PA272|title=India's Shakespeare: Translation, Interpretation, and Performance|last1=Trivedi|first1=Poonam|last2=Bartholomeusz|first2=Dennis|publisher=University of Delaware Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-87413-881-8|page=272}} Gamde ni Gori (Village Nymph, 1890), Alauddin (1891), Tara Khurshid (1892), Kaliyug (1895) and Kalidasa's Sanskrit play Shakuntala.{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0284#|title=Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre|last=Jani|first=Dinkar B.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780195644463|editor-last=Lal|editor-first=Ananda|language=en|chapter=Khatao, Cowasji Palanji|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001|via=Oxford Reference}} {{subscription required}} Her role of Jogan in Gopichand was much appreciated.{{Cite book|title=પારસી રંગભૂમિ|last=Shastri|first=Dr. Gopal|publisher=Sadhna Shastri|year=1995|location=Vadodara|pages=139–140|language=gu|trans-title=Parsi Theatre}}
She had later worked with Framji Apu's theatre company and changed several theatre troupes thereafter.
Mary Fenton is believed to have died at the age of 42, probably in 1896. Hence, she was probably born in 1854 and had met Khatau in 1878. Her introduction in the Parsi theatre opened the way for a large number of Anglo-Indian actresses which dominated the early stage, as well as the films of the silent era of India.
In popular culture
Drama Queen (2018) was a play written and directed by Neeyati Rathode, and produced by Blue Feather Theatre based on her life and other early female actresses. Mehrin Saba played Mary Fenton.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/struggle-for-acceptance/article24105959.ece|title=Struggle for acceptance|last=Bajeli|first=Diwan Singh|date=8 June 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=30 June 2018|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
References
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Category:19th-century Indian actresses
Category:19th-century Indian women musicians
Category:Indian stage actresses
Category:Indian musical theatre actresses
Category:Actresses from Mumbai