Matacoan languages
{{Short description|Language family of South America}}
{{Infobox language family
|name=Matákoan
|altname=Mataguayo
|region=Chaco region
|familycolor=American
|fam1=Mataco–Guaicuru ?
|glotto=mata1289
|glottorefname=Matacoan
}}
Matacoan (also Mataguayan, Matákoan, Mataguayo, Mataco–Mataguayo, Matacoano, Matacoana) is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.
Family division
Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages. The family also has a clear binary split between Wichí-Chorote and Maká-Nivaclé according to Nikulin (2019).Nikulin, Andrey V. 2019. [https://www.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/317133282 The classification of the languages of the South American Lowlands: State-of-the-art and challenges / Классификация языков востока Южной Америки]. Illič-Svityč (Nostratic) Seminar / Ностратический семинар, Higher School of Economics, October 17, 2019. Gordon (2005) in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages.
{{tree list}}
- Matacoan
- Wichí-Chorote
- Wichí (also known as Mataco, Wichi, Wichí Lhamtés, Weenhayek, Noctenes, Matahuayo, Matako, Weʃwo. The name Mataco is common but pejorative.)
- Vejoz (also known as Vejo, Pilcomayo, Bermejo, Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz)
- Noktén (also known as Noctén, Wichí Lhamtés Nocten)
- Wiznay (also known as Güisnay, Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay)
- Matawayo (also known as Matahuayo).
- Chorote (also known as Chorotí, Yofúaha, Tsoloti)
- Manhui (also known as Manjuy, Iyo’wujwa Chorote)
- Eklenhui (also known as Eclenjuy, Eklehui, Iyojwa’ja Chorote, Chorote, Choroti).
- Maká-Nivaclé
- Nivaclé (also known as Chulupí–Ashlushlay, Chulupí, Ajlujlay, Alhulhai, Niwaklé, Niwaqli, Churupi, Chulupe. The name Chulupí is common but pejorative.)
- Forest Nivaclé
- River Nivaclé
- Maká (also known as Macá, Maca, Towolhi, Toothle, Nynaka, Mak’á, Enimaca, Enimaga)
- Ma’ká (also known as Towolhi)
- Enimaga (also known as Enimaa, Kochaboth)
{{tree list/end}}
=Mason (1950)=
Internal classification by Mason (1950):{{cite book |last=Mason |first=John Alden |author-link=John Alden Mason |date=1950 |chapter=The languages of South America |editor-first1=Julian |editor-last1=Steward |title=Handbook of South American Indians |volume=6 |pages=157–317 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 |location=Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office}}
{{tree list}}
- Mataco-Maca
- Mataco
- Mataco-Mataguayo
- Mataco
- Guisnay
- Nocten (Octenai)
- Mataguayo
- Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta
- Southern: Vejoz
- Chorotí-Ashluslay
- Chorotí (Yofuaha)
- Ashluslay (Chulupí, Chonopí, Sukin, Sotiagay, Tapieté)
- Macá (Enimagá, Cochaboth, Guaná, Lengua)
- Enimagá
- Macá (Towothli, Toosle)
- Guentusé
- Cochaboth-Lengua
{{tree list/end}}
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Matacoan languages.{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |author-link=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |location=Los Angeles}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
! gloss !! Choroti !! Choropí !! Suhín !! Sotsiagay !! Ashlusláy !! Mataco !! Vejoz !! Nocten !! Guisnai !! Enimaga !! Makká |
| head
| sétek || satík || shutich || || shatish || nu-xleték || litek || etek || oːn-sleták || || in-hitla |
|---|
| tooth
| sá-hue || huetseːute || tsaute || || seuté || no-tsoté || no-chete || zoté || oːs-totéʔi || || kon-xeti |
| water
| inát || naːʔate || inaat || inaːat || inát || inót || guag || inat || inát || gualé || iwalü |
| fire
| houat || itox || itox || itox || itóx || itóx || itag || ütax || etáx || feit || fat |
| sun
| kilé || nʔkoklái || hankuklai || fünchokʔlaai || fingoklai || xuála || ixuala || ixuala || ixuála || tátla || xunnu |
| moon
| huelä || xuékla || hiuerkla || xiwekla || huela || ihuälä || iguelach || iguelä || ivaʔedla || || xuwãl |
| star
| katés || || katés || katéss || katís || katäs || katés || ketes || || || foʔoteki |
| dog
| nóo || nuuːx || niuʔux || niuʔux || níu || sidnóx || signag || esinax || atsüná || || nunnax |
| jaguar
| ayä || yaáx || yáox || yáʔox || iyox || haiyüx || yag || eyax || haróx || || kometenax |
| black
| lämi || klím || klim || || lim || palüx || pelag || || peláx || || fo |
Proto-language
For a reconstruction of Proto-Mataguayo by Viegas Barros (2002),Viegas Barros, Pedro. 2002. Fonología del Proto-Mataguayo: Las fricativas dorsales. Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.), Current Studies on South American Languages [Indigenous Languages of Latin America, 3], p. 137-148. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS). see the corresponding Spanish article. A competing theory is advanced by Nikulin and Carol{{Cite book
| vauthors=Nikulin A, Carol J
| title = Historical phonology of Mataguayan
| place = Berlin
| publisher = Language Science Press
| date = 2024
| format = pdf
| url = http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/413
| doi = 10.5281/zenodo.13907413
| doi-access = free
| isbn = 9783961104741
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509427-1}}.
- Fabre, Alain (2005) Los Mataguayo (Online version: http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=Mataguayo.pdf)
External links
{{Sister project links|wikt=Appendix:Proto-Mataguayo reconstructions|c=no|n=no|q=no|s=no|b=no|v=no}}
- Proel: [http://www.proel.org/mundo/matakoan.htm Familia matákoan]
{{Mataco-Guaicuru languages}}
{{Language families}}
{{South American languages}}
{{Authority control}}