Mathematica Inc.

Samuel G. Barton founded the Industrial Surveys Company in the late 1930s.1914 - Jan.23, 1982: Age 68{{cite web |date=January 29, 1982 |title=SAMUEL G. BARTON, 68, A MARKETING SPECIALIST |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/29/obituaries/samuel-g-barton-68-a-marketing-specialist.html |website=The New York Times}} His company later merged with the Market Research Corporation of America (MRCA) in 1951. Oskar Morgenstern started a consultancy with six other Princeton professors in 1958, becoming a MRCA subsidiary in 1959. The unit, known as Mathematica in the 1960s, was later "spun off... to allow for faster growth" in 1968.{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 22, 1983

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/22/business/mathematica-s-shift-into-software-field.html

|title=MATHEMATICA'S SHIFT INTO SOFTWARE FIELD

|author=Karen W. Arenson |author-link=Karen W. Arenson}} Morgenstern remained chairman of new corporation.

Historically, Mathematica had three divisions: Mathematica Products Group, best known for developing RAMIS; MathTech, the company's technical and economic consulting group doing "research projects and computer systems other than RAMIS"; and Mathematica Policy Research (MPR), whose strength was in "social experiments and surveys."

Until the 1980s, Mathematica was largely owned by a group of Mathematics and Economics professors at Princeton University who, as they aged, opted to cash out by selling. The result was a 3-way split:

• Mathematica Products Group was sold in 1983, eventually becoming part of Computer Associates.
• MathTech, described as an East coast consulting firm, became an employee-owned company in 1986.{{cite news |newspaper=The New York Times

|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/08/education/learning-the-facts-of-life.html

|title=Learning The Facts of Life |author=James Barron

|date=November 8, 1987}}

• MPR also became employee-owned in 1986, and it is now the only company still carrying the Mathematica name.

In 1968, the original Mathematica conducted the first social policy experiment in the United States, the New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment (an experimental study of a negative income tax), to test ways of encouraging low-income individuals to work.{{cite web|url=http://www.irp.wisc.edu/research/nit/NIT_index.htm#New%20Jersey|title=NIT Archive|work=Wisc.edu|accessdate=28 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091206014715/http://www.irp.wisc.edu/research/nit/NIT_index.htm#New%20Jersey|archive-date=6 December 2009|url-status=dead}}

A subsidiary of Mathematica since 1975, MPR was known for its large-scale random assignment evaluations of policies and programs such as abstinence education and Job Corps.{{cite web |url=http://www.siecus.org/_data/global/images/research_says.pdf |title=What the Research Says... |publisher=Siecus.org |accessdate=2015-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616150557/http://www.siecus.org/_data/global/images/research_says.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-16 |url-status=dead }}[http://www.krueger.princeton.edu/01_04_2006.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929102523/http://www.krueger.princeton.edu/01_04_2006.htm|date=September 29, 2011}} In 1986, a group of employees purchased MPR from its corporate parent and has since remained employee-owned, now under the Mathematica, Inc. name.{{Cite web |title=About Mathematica |url=https://www.mathematica.org/about-mathematica |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Mathematica |language=en}}

In early 1995, Mathematica formed a research affiliate, the Center for Studying Health System Change, which provides objective analyses of how the country’s changing health care system affects individuals and families.

In 2007, the company launched the Center for Studying Disability Policy (CSDP), to inform disability policy formation with rigorous, objective research, and data collected from the people disability policy aims to serve. CSDP provides leadership and support for disability research and data collection conducted by Mathematica.

In early 2008, Mathematica created the Center for Improving Research Evidence (CIRE), to identify, assess, and disseminate results from quality, rigorous research to inform evidence-based policymaking. CIRE also provides technical assistance in designing, conducting, assessing, and using a range of scientific policy research and evaluations to support a growing national and international research base.

In 2010, Mathematica established the Center on Health Care Effectiveness (CHCE), a resource for policymakers, the public, and other stakeholders.

In 2013, Mathematica established the Center for International Policy Research and Evaluation (CIPRE). Its focus is to provide research-based information to funders and policymakers addressing global development issues.

Mathematica operates three business divisions: health, human services, and international research.{{cite web |url=https://www.mathematica.org/our-focus-areas |title=Mathematica: Our Focus Areas |date=April 22, 2022}} Today, the company centers on research consultation for policy topics including disability, early childhood, education, family support, health, international, labor, and nutrition. The company specializes in program evaluation, policy analysis, survey design, data collection, data management, and interpretation. In recent years, it has begun offering services in data science, design, and visualization.

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• [https://www.mathematica.org website]

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Category:Political and economic think tanks in the United States

Category:Employee-owned companies of the United States