Mathias Goeritz

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File:Torres_satelite.jpg

Werner Mathias Goeritz Brunner (4 April 1915, Danzig, German Empire{{cn|date=October 2022}} – 4 August 1990, Mexico City) was a Mexican painter and sculptor of German origin. After spending much of the 1940s in North Africa and Spain, he and his wife, photographer Marianne Gast, immigrated to Mexico in 1949.

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Early life and education

Mathias Goeritz was born in Danzig, German Empire (now Gdańsk, Poland) in 1915{{cn|date=October 2022}} and spent his childhood in Berlin. He began studying philosophy and the history of art at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität, now known as the Humboldt University of Berlin, in 1934.Mathias Goeritz 1915-1990: El Eco: Bilder, Skulpturen, Modelle, ed. Christian Schneegass (Berlin: Akademie der Künste, 1992), 465. He received a doctorate in art history from this institution in 1940. His doctoral dissertation on the nineteenth-century German painter Ferdinand von Rayski was published as Ferdinand Von Rayski und die Kunst des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts.Mathias Goeritz, Ferdinand Von Rayski und die Kunst des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts(Berlin: Hans von Hugo, 1942). During the course of his studies, Goeritz also trained as an artist at the Kunstgewerbe- und Handwerkerschule in Berlin-Charlottenberg (Applied arts and tradesmen's school), where he studied drawing with German artists Max Kaus and Hans Orlowski.

Career

Upon completion of his doctorate, Goeritz worked at Berlin's Nationalgalerie (National Gallery), now the Alte Nationalgalerie, under the supervision of nineteenth-century art specialist Paul Ortwin Rave.

In early 1941, in the midst of the Second World War, Goeritz left Germany, settling first in Tetuan, Morocco. In 1942 he married photographer Marianne Gast, and the couple settled in Granada, Spain, just after the war ended in 1945.Olivia Zúñiga, Mathias Goeritz (México, D.F.: Editorial Intercontinental, 1963), 15.

In June 1946, he had his first solo exhibition at the Librería-Galería Clan in Madrid under the pseudonym "Ma-Gó". in 1947 the Goeritzs relocated to Madrid. There, Goeritz developed a close friendship with Spanish sculptor Ángel Ferrant.

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In the summer of 1948, Goeritz and Ferrant traveled to visit the prehistoric paintings of the Cave of Altamira in the north of Spain, along with writer Ricardo Gullón and others. At that time Goeritz proposed the founding of an Escuela de Altamira (Altamira School), an association of artists and writers who would meet annually near the Cave, in 1948. The Escuela de Altamira would ultimately hold two meetings, in 1949 and 1950.Primera Semana de Arte en Santillana del Mar: del 19 al 25 de septiembre, 1949 (Santander: Escuela de Altamira, 1950), and Segunda Semana de Arte en Santillana del Mar: del 20 al 26 de septiembre, 1950 (Santander: Escuela de Altamira, 1951).

In 1949, through the intervention of Mexican architect Ignacio Díaz Morales, Goeritz was offered a job teaching art history to the students of the newly founded the school of architecture (now part of CUAAD, University of Guadalajara) in Guadalajara, Mexico.{{Cite news |last=Snyder |first=Michael |date=2021-02-15 |title=In and Around Guadalajara, Homes Like Sanctuaries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/15/t-magazine/guadalajara-homes-design-architecture.html |access-date=2024-05-27 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In 1953, he first presented his "Manifiesto de la Arquitectura Emocional" (Emotional Architecture Manifesto) at the pre-inauguration of the Museo Experimental El Eco in Mexico City, which he designed in 1952–53. During the 1950s, Goeritz also collaborated with Luis Barragán to make monumental abstract sculptures in reinforced concrete, including El animal del Pedregal (The Animal of the Pedregal, 1951) and the Torres de la Ciudad Satélite (Towers of Satellite City, 1957).{{cn|date=October 2022}}

In 1989, he became an honorary member of the Mexican Academia de Artes.{{cite web | title=Mathias Goeritz | website=Portal de la Academia de Artes – Centro de Documentación de la Academia de Artes | date=2024-07-11 | url=https://academiadeartes.org.mx/miembros/goeritz-mathias/ | language=es | access-date=2025-06-08}}

Personal life and death

In 1942, he married photographer Marianne Gast. He died on August 4, 1990, in Mexico City.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

Works and legacy

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Goeritz exhibited widely in Mexico and beyond throughout his life, and had a significant influence on younger Mexican artists such as Helen Escobedo and Pedro Friedeberg.

El animal del Pedregal (The Animal of Pedregal, 1951), sculpture in reinforced concrete, Jardines de Pedregal de San Ángel, Mexico City.
Los amantes (The Lovers), sculpture at the Hotel Presidente, Acapulco.
El bailarín (The Dancer).
La mano divina (The Divine Hand) and La mano codiciosa (The Covetous Hand), reliefs in the Iglesia de San Lorenzo, Mexico City.
El Eco Museo Experimental ("El Eco" Experimental Museum, 1953), Mexico City.
El Pájaro Amarillo (The Yellow Bird, 1957) Colonia Jardines del Bosque, Guadalajara.
Torres de la Ciudad Satélite (Towers of Satellite City, 1957) with Luis Barragán.
Stained Glass windows for the cathedrals of Mexico City and Cuernavaca, the churches of Santiago Tlatelolco and Azcapotzalco, and the Maguén-David synagogue, Mexico City.
Coordination of the sculptures of the Ruta de la Amistad (Route of Friendship), a major project of the Cultural Program of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.
Osa Mayor (Ursa Major, 1968), Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City.
Torres de Automex (Automex Towers, 1963–64), Carretera de Toluca.
Pirámide de Mixcoac (Mixcoac Pyramid, 1971), Mexico City.
Murals for the Arco Tower in Los Angeles, California, United States, 1970.
Corona de Bambi and Espacio Escultórico (Sculpture Space, 1979), Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City.
Laberinto de Jerusalén (Jerusalem Labyrinth), 1978-1980.
Massive bronze entry door for the John Lautner-designed residence "Marbrisa", Acapulco, 1973