Mathilde Wurm

{{Short description|German politician, social worker and journalist}}

File:Agnes, Zetkin & Wurm (1919).jpg and Clara Zetkin, 1919]]

File:Stolperstein.Tiergarten.Genthiner Straße 41.Mathilde Wurm.0285.jpg for Mathilde Wurm at Genthiner Straße 41, Berlin-Tiergarten]]

Mathilde Wurm ({{nee}} Adler; 30 September 1874 – 31 March or 1 April 1935) was a German politician, social worker and journalist. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933.

Life and career

Wurm was born Mathilde Adler in 1874 to a Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main. She moved to Berlin and began working as a social worker in 1896. She was particularly interested in helping girls to receive vocational training, which led to her co-founding Berlin's first apprenticeship placement and counselling service for female school-leavers. In 1904 she married {{Interlanguage link multi|Emanuel Wurm|de}}, a journalist who later entered politics.{{cite web|url=http://zhsf.gesis.org/ParlamentarierPortal/biosop_db/biosop_db.php?id=251110|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725230007/http://zhsf.gesis.org/ParlamentarierPortal/biosop_db/biosop_db.php?id=251110|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2015|language=German|title=Mathilde Wurm|work=Sozialdemokratische Parlamentarier in den deutschen Reichs- und Landtagen 1876–1933 (BIOSOP)|accessdate=25 July 2015}}

Wurm was involved in socialist circles from a young age,{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjkcgDyJPmsC&pg=PA93|title=Nazi Refugee Turned Gestapo Spy: The Life of Hans Wesemann, 1895–1971|chapter=The Suspicious Deaths of Dora Fabian and Mathilde Wurm|first1=James J.|last1=Barnes|first2=Patience P.|last2=Barnes|year=2001|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97124-3}} and was a longstanding member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SDP). After marriage, she mainly worked as a journalist and was active in the women's movement of the SPD, through which she regularly corresponded with Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin and Luise Kautsky. In 1919 she was elected to the {{Interlanguage link multi|Berliner Stadtverordnetenversammlung|de}} (Berlin City Council).{{cite web|url=http://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/en/biografie/5276|publisher=Stolpersteine in Berlin|language=German|title= Mathilde Wurm (geb. Adler)|accessdate=25 July 2015}} When her husband Emanuel died in 1920, Mathilde assumed his seat in the Reichstag Ministry of Food under the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD).

Wurm retained her seat in the Reichstag—alternately as a member of both the SPD and USPD—until the dissolution of the Weimar Republic in 1933. During 1922 and 1923 she edited the USPD magazine Die Kämpferin (The Female Fighter), later named Die Gleichheit (Equality), and although she was not religious, she remained active in the Berlin Jewish community until 1924.

Exile

When Adolf Hitler came into power in 1933, Wurm initially remained in Germany to defend her constituents. However, her property was confiscated and she became homeless, often spending the night on a train. She left Germany for Switzerland in May 1933, where she stayed with her sister, Josephine Cohn, for eight months. She scraped a living as a typist before moving to London on 3 February 1934 to visit her nephew Arthur Campbell. In London, she lived with fellow political activist and émigré Dora Fabian firstly in a flat on Guilford Street.

Death

Wurm and Fabian were found dead in their flat at 12, Great Ormond Street, Bloomsbury, London, on 4 April 1935 and were found to have died either on 31 March or on 1 April 1935. While suicide was suspected, the deaths were treated as suspicious.James J. Barnes, Patience P. Barnes, Nazi Refugee Turned Gestapo Spy: The Life of Hans Wesemann, 1895-1971 (2001) “Sometime on Sunday, 31 March, or Monday, 1 April 1935, two German refugees died in their flat at 12 Great Ormond Street in London. Their bodies were not discovered until Thursday, 4 April…”

The case was covered in the British press and presumed to have been a double suicide by barbitone poisoning.{{cite journal|title=The Strange Case of Dora Fabian and Mathilde Wurm|first=Charmian|last=Brinson|journal=German Life and Letters|volume=45|issue=4|pages=323–344|year=1992|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0483.1992.tb00965.x}} Due to the suspicious circumstances surrounding the two women's deaths and the lack of a motive, some observers suggested that they had been killed by Gestapo officers, but a coroner's inquest resulted in a verdict of "suicide while of unsound mind".{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20816391.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151656/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20816391.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=The Strange Case of Dora Fabian and Mathilde Wurm|work=Journal of European Studies|date=1 December 1997|first=Richard|last=Dove|accessdate=25 July 2015}}